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The identification and differentiation of syndromes according to the eight principles is one of the core concepts of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis.[1]
Sometimes referred to as external and internal, this differentiation is not made on the basis of etiology (cause) of disease but location. It can also give an indication of the direction the illness is taking, becoming more external or going deeper into the body.
Exterior affects the skin, muscles and jingluo (energy meridians). Interior affects the Zang Fu (internal organs) and the bones. The general symptoms for an exterior pattern are fever, aversion to cold, aching body, stiff neck, and a floating pulse. Onset is acute and the correct treatment will elicit a swift response. Exterior patterns usually involve the invasion of an external pathogenic factor, or if slow in onset can indicate painful obstruction syndrome (bi syndrome).
Cold and hot
Cold and hot (or heat) describes the nature of a pattern and clinical manifestations usually in combination with Full or Empty conditions:
Full heat
This is indicated by fever, thirst, red face, red eyes, constipation, scanty dark urine, full rapid pulse and a red tongue with yellow coating. It arises when there is an excess of Yang energies in the body. It can be caused by consuming hot energy foods, or long standing emotional problems causing for example liver qi stagnation. It can also be caused by invasion by an external pathogenic factor.
Empty heat
Empty heat is characterised by afternoon fever, dry mouth, dry throat at night, night sweats, a feeling of heat in the chest and in the palms and the soles, dry stools, scanty dark urine and a floating and rapid pulse and a peeled tongue. It is usually accompanied by a feeling of restlessness and vague anxiety. The difference between full heat is that empty heat is cause by a deficiency of Yin rather than an excess of Yang.
Full cold
Chilliness, cold limbs, no thirst, pale face, abdominal pain., aggravated on pressure, desire to drink warm liquids, loose stools, clear abundant urine, Deep-full-tight pulse and a pale tongue with thick white coating. Full cold is generated by an excess of Yin.
Empty cold
Chilliness, cold limbs, dull-pale face, no thirst, listlessness, sweating, loose stools, clear-abundant urine, a deep slow or weak pulse and a pale tongue with a thin white coating. Empty cold arises from a deficiency of Yang.
Empty and full
Empty and full is also commonly called deficient and excess. This distinction is made according to the presence or absence of a pathogenic factor and the strength of the body's energies. Full is characterised by the presence of a pathogenic factor and the Qi is relatively intact. The Qi battles against the pathogenic factor which causes the excessive symptoms. Empty is characterised by absence of a pathogenic factor and weak Qi. The distinction between full and empty is made more than any other type of observation. Clinical manifestations of empty include chronic diseases, listlessness, apathy, lying curled up, weak voice, weak breathing, low pitched tinnitus, pain alleviated by pressure, poor memory, slight sweating, frequent urination, loose stools and empty pulse. Clinical manifestations of full patterns include acute diseases, restlessness, irritability, red face, strong voice, coarse breathing, pain aggravated by pressure, high pitched tinnitus, profuse sweating, scanty urination, constipation and excess pulse type. There are four types of empty:
Yin and yang are general categories of the other six patterns: Interior, Deficiency and Cold are Yin, Exterior, Excess and Heat are Yang.
References
^The Foundations of Chinese Medicine by Giovanni Maciocia ISBN0443039801 Chapter 18 Identification of Patterns according to the Eight Principles Pages 179-189.
January 06, 2023
eight, principles, this, article, relies, largely, entirely, single, source, relevant, discussion, found, talk, page, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, citations, additional, sources, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, aug. This article relies largely or entirely on a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources Find sources Eight principles news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2020 The identification and differentiation of syndromes according to the eight principles is one of the core concepts of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis 1 The eight principles are Exterior and interior simplified Chinese 里表 traditional Chinese 裡表 pinyin lǐ biǎo Cold and hot simplified Chinese 寒热 traditional Chinese 寒熱 pinyin han re Empty and full simplified Chinese 虛实 traditional Chinese 虛實 pinyin xu shi Yin and yang simplified Chinese 阴阳 traditional Chinese 陰陽 pinyin yin yang Contents 1 Exterior and interior 2 Cold and hot 2 1 Full heat 2 2 Empty heat 2 3 Full cold 2 4 Empty cold 3 Empty and full 4 Yin and yang 5 ReferencesExterior and interior EditSometimes referred to as external and internal this differentiation is not made on the basis of etiology cause of disease but location It can also give an indication of the direction the illness is taking becoming more external or going deeper into the body Exterior affects the skin muscles and jingluo energy meridians Interior affects the Zang Fu internal organs and the bones The general symptoms for an exterior pattern are fever aversion to cold aching body stiff neck and a floating pulse Onset is acute and the correct treatment will elicit a swift response Exterior patterns usually involve the invasion of an external pathogenic factor or if slow in onset can indicate painful obstruction syndrome bi syndrome Cold and hot EditCold and hot or heat describes the nature of a pattern and clinical manifestations usually in combination with Full or Empty conditions Full heat Edit This is indicated by fever thirst red face red eyes constipation scanty dark urine full rapid pulse and a red tongue with yellow coating It arises when there is an excess of Yang energies in the body It can be caused by consuming hot energy foods or long standing emotional problems causing for example liver qi stagnation It can also be caused by invasion by an external pathogenic factor Empty heat Edit Empty heat is characterised by afternoon fever dry mouth dry throat at night night sweats a feeling of heat in the chest and in the palms and the soles dry stools scanty dark urine and a floating and rapid pulse and a peeled tongue It is usually accompanied by a feeling of restlessness and vague anxiety The difference between full heat is that empty heat is cause by a deficiency of Yin rather than an excess of Yang Full cold Edit Chilliness cold limbs no thirst pale face abdominal pain aggravated on pressure desire to drink warm liquids loose stools clear abundant urine Deep full tight pulse and a pale tongue with thick white coating Full cold is generated by an excess of Yin Empty cold Edit Chilliness cold limbs dull pale face no thirst listlessness sweating loose stools clear abundant urine a deep slow or weak pulse and a pale tongue with a thin white coating Empty cold arises from a deficiency of Yang Empty and full EditEmpty and full is also commonly called deficient and excess This distinction is made according to the presence or absence of a pathogenic factor and the strength of the body s energies Full is characterised by the presence of a pathogenic factor and the Qi is relatively intact The Qi battles against the pathogenic factor which causes the excessive symptoms Empty is characterised by absence of a pathogenic factor and weak Qi The distinction between full and empty is made more than any other type of observation Clinical manifestations of empty include chronic diseases listlessness apathy lying curled up weak voice weak breathing low pitched tinnitus pain alleviated by pressure poor memory slight sweating frequent urination loose stools and empty pulse Clinical manifestations of full patterns include acute diseases restlessness irritability red face strong voice coarse breathing pain aggravated by pressure high pitched tinnitus profuse sweating scanty urination constipation and excess pulse type There are four types of empty Empty Qi Empty Yang Empty Blood Empty YinYin and yang EditYin and yang are general categories of the other six patterns Interior Deficiency and Cold are Yin Exterior Excess and Heat are Yang References Edit The Foundations of Chinese Medicine by Giovanni Maciocia ISBN 0443039801 Chapter 18 Identification of Patterns according to the Eight Principles Pages 179 189 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eight principles amp oldid 1035701976, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
