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Red Sea and Canal Area

January 01, 1970

The Red Sea Station was a military formation of the Royal Navy. At various times it has also been referred to as Egypt Division and Red Sea and later the Red Sea and Canal Area. The Royal Navy had distinct formations for the Red Sea at intervals from 1846 until circa 1944-45.

Red Sea Station
Active1846-1944-45
CountryUnited Kingdom
AllegianceBritish Empire
BranchRoyal Navy
TypeNaval station
Part of
Garrison/HQAden then Port Tawfiq
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Rear-Admiral Ronald H. C. Hallifax

History edit

The Royal Navy established a Red Sea formation as early as 1846, administered by the Royal Indian Navy.[1][2] It was subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies until 1883, when it became part of the Mediterranean Fleet. In 1914 the station came under command of the Commander-in-Chief Mediterranean Fleet until the end of the war. Following the war the Red Sea was reabsorbed back under the Commander-in-Chief, East Indies.

During the East African Campaign, the Red Sea Force fought the Italians. British code-breakers of the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park in the UK, deciphered Italian orders of 19 May 1940, coded using C38m machines, secretly to mobilise the army and air force in East Africa. Merchant traffic was stopped by the British on 24 May, pending the introduction of a convoy system. The Senior Naval Officer Red Sea, Rear-Admiral Murray, operational at Aden since April with the light cruisers HMS Liverpool and HMAS Hobart (Liverpool was replaced by HMS Leander), was reinforced by the anti-aircraft cruiser HMS Carlisle, which sailed south with Convoy BS 4, the 28th Destroyer Flotilla comprising HMS Khartoum, Kimberley, Kingston and Kandahar and three sloops from the Mediterranean. The force was to conduct a blockade Italian East Africa (Operation Begum), attack the Red Sea Flotilla and protect the sea lanes from Aden to Suez.[3]

On 21 October 1941 the Mediterranean Fleet's responsibilities were extended to include the Red Sea and Aden, including the Gulf of Aden. The Mediterranean Fleet thus took over the Red Sea Division of the Red Sea Station, which was located between the Gulf of Aden and the Suez Canal, excluding Suez Port.[4] Rear-Admiral Ronald Hallifax took command as Flag Officer, Red Sea (FORS).[4] Three weeks later the responsibilities were adjusted once more. On 14 November 1941 the Senior Naval Officer-in-Charge, Suez, who was based at Port Tawfik (Suez Port) was placed under the command of Rear Admiral Hallifax.

Over a hundred kilometres to the north, halfway up the Suez Canal, the Senior British Naval Officer, Suez Canal Area, based at Ismailia, remained responsible for all British naval policy questions in regards to the Suez Canal Company.[4]

In January 1944 the station was transferred back from the Mediterranean Fleet to C-in-C East Indies.

Commodore Commanding, Red Sea Division edit

Incomplete list of post holders included:

Rank Flag Name Term Notes/Ref
Commodore Commanding, Red Sea Division
1 Commodore   Robert H. More-Molyneux 1884 - 1885 [5] later Admiral

Rear-Admiral, Egypt and Red Sea edit

Post holders included:

Note:Command is also known as Egypt Division and Red Sea.
Rank Flag Name Term Notes/Ref
Rear-Admiral, Egypt and Red Sea
1 Rear Admiral   Thomas Jackson 6 July 1917 – 28 December 1918 [6]
2 Rear Admiral   Henry B. Pelly 24 December 1918 – March, 1920 [7]

Senior Naval Officer, Red Sea Patrol edit

Incomplete list of post holders included:

Rank Flag Name Term Notes/Ref
Senior Naval Officer, Red Sea Patrol [8]
1 Captain   William H. D. Boyle March 1916 – December 1918 [9]

Senior Naval Officer, Red Sea Force edit

Rank Flag Name Term Notes/Ref
Senior Naval Officer, Red Sea Force
1 Rear-Admiral   A. J. L. Murray 24 May 1939 - 1 April 1941 [10]
2 Rear-Admiral   Ronald H. C. Hallifax 1 April 1941 – 21 October 1941 [11]

Senior Naval Officer, Red Sea edit

Incomplete list of post holders included:

Rank Insig Name Term Notes/Ref
Senior Naval Officer, Red Sea
1 Captain   John Campbell Annesley 2 June 1939 to 19 January 1940 [12]
2 Captain   H. E. Horan 19 January 1940 to 29 June 1940 [13]

Flag Officer, Red Sea edit

Rank Flag Name Term
Flag Officer Commanding, Red Sea
1 Rear-Admiral   Ronald H. C. Hallifax 21 October 1941 to 17 May 1942 [14]

Senior Naval Officer in Charge, Suez edit

Included:

Rank Flag Name Term Notes/Ref
Senior Naval Officer in Charge, Suez
1 Commodore   Charles A. A. Larcom 14 November 1941 – 13 May 1942

Flag Officer Commanding, Red Sea and Canal Area edit

Rank Flag Name Term
Flag Officer Commanding, Red Sea and Canal Area
1 Rear-Admiral   Ronald H. C. Hallifax 18 May 1942 – 6 November 1943 [14] (died in office)
2 Rear-Admiral   John Waller 6 November – 28 December 1943 [14]
3 Commodore   Douglas Young-Jamieson 28 December 1943 – 31 October 1944 [15]

Commodore Young-Jamieson's broad pennant was seemingly borne in HMS Stag (shore establishment), which was the name used for the base for British naval personnel in Egypt. First established at Port Said, it was commissioned on 8 January 1940. There were outposts at Adabya, Kabrit, Ismailia, Generiffa, Port Tewfik. HMS Stag was paid off in May 1949.

HMS Euphrates at Basra seemingly reported to Flag Officer, Red Sea and Canal Area, from its establishment in 1942.

Notes edit

  1. ^ Allen's Indian Mail and Register of Intelligence, for British and Foreign and India and China and all parts of the East. London, England: W. H. Allen and Company. 1846. p. 602.
  2. ^ Low, Charles Rathbone (1877). History of the Indian Navy: (1613-1863). London, England: R. Bentley and Son. p. 192. commodore and senior naval officer, Red Sea and Aden.
  3. ^ O'Hara 2009, pp. 99–100.
  4. ^ a b c Brown, David (2013). The Royal Navy and the Mediterranean: Vol.II: November 1940-December 1941. Cambridge, England: Routledge. p. 27. ISBN 9781136341274.
  5. ^ Raugh 2008, p. 77.
  6. ^ Watson, Graham E. (5 February 2001). "RN Flag Officers, 1914-1918 based on various Navy Lists". www.gwpda.org. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
  7. ^ Harley, Simon; Lovell, Tony (27 August 2018). "Egypt - The Dreadnought Project". www.dreadnoughtproject.org. Harley and Lovell. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
  8. ^ Archives, The National. "To Senior Naval Officer, Red Sea Patrol. Requesting on behalf of Sherif Faisal passage". discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk. London, England: The National Archives, JOYCE/1/112. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
  9. ^ Stewart, William (2009). Admirals of the world: a biographical dictionary, 1500 to the present. Jefferson, North Carolina, USA: Macfarland. p. 38. ISBN 9780786482887.
  10. ^ Kindell, Don (14 March 2012). "Admiralty War Diaries: Loss of HMS Khartoum, June 1940". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
  11. ^ Kindell, Don (14 March 2012). "Admiralty War Diaries: Loss of HMS Khartoum, June 1940". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
  12. ^ Houterman, J.N. "Royal Navy (RN) Officers 1939-1945 - A". www.unithistories.com. Houterman and Koppes. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
  13. ^ Kindell, Don (14 March 2012). "Admiralty War Diaries: Loss of HMS Khartoum, June 1940". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
  14. ^ a b c The Navy List. London, England: H. M. Stationery Office. December 1942. p. 1340.
  15. ^ The Navy List. London, England: H. M. Stationery Office. November 1944. p. 2264.

References edit

  • Allen's Indian Mail and Register of Intelligence, for British and Foreign and India and China and all parts of the East. London, England: W. H. Allen and Company. 1846.
  • Brown, David (2013). The Royal Navy and the Mediterranean: Vol.II: November 1940-December 1941. Cambridge, England: Routledge. ISBN 9781136341274.
  • Harley, Simon; Lovell, Tony (2018). "Egypt - The Dreadnought Project". www.dreadnoughtproject.org. Harley and Lovell.
  • Houterman, Jerome N..; Koppes, Jeroen (2004–2006). "Royal Navy, Mediterranean Fleet 1939-1945". www.unithistories.com. Houterman and Koppes, Netherlands.
  • Kindell, Don (2012). "Admiralty War Diaries: Loss of HMS Khartoum, June 1940". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith.
  • Low, Charles Rathbone (1877). History of the Indian Navy: (1613-1863). London, England: R. Bentley and Son.
  • O'Hara, Vincent P. (2009). "Ch 6: The Red Sea, 1940–41". Struggle for the Middle Sea: The Great Navies at War in the Mediterranean Theater, 1940–1945. London: Conway. pp. 99–107. ISBN 978-1-84486-102-6.
  • Raugh, Harold E. Jr. (2008). British Military Operations in Egypt and the Sudan: A Selected Bibliography. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9781461657002.
  • Watson, Dr Graham. (2015) "Royal Navy Organisation in World War 2, 1939-1945". naval-history.net. Gordon Smith.

January 01, 1970
canal, area, station, military, formation, royal, navy, various, times, also, been, referred, egypt, division, later, royal, navy, distinct, formations, intervals, from, 1846, until, circa, 1944, stationactive1846, 1944, 45countryunited, kingdomallegiancebriti. The Red Sea Station was a military formation of the Royal Navy At various times it has also been referred to as Egypt Division and Red Sea and later the Red Sea and Canal Area The Royal Navy had distinct formations for the Red Sea at intervals from 1846 until circa 1944 45 Red Sea StationActive1846 1944 45CountryUnited KingdomAllegianceBritish EmpireBranchRoyal NavyTypeNaval stationPart ofEast Indies Station 1846 1883 Mediterranean Fleet 1883 1913 East Indies Station 1914 1941 Mediterranean Fleet 1941 1943 Commander in Chief Levant 1943 1944 East Indies Station 1944 1945 citation needed Garrison HQAden then Port TawfiqCommandersNotablecommandersRear Admiral Ronald H C Hallifax Contents 1 History 2 Commodore Commanding Red Sea Division 3 Rear Admiral Egypt and Red Sea 3 1 Senior Naval Officer Red Sea Patrol 4 Senior Naval Officer Red Sea Force 4 1 Senior Naval Officer Red Sea 5 Flag Officer Red Sea 5 1 Senior Naval Officer in Charge Suez 6 Flag Officer Commanding Red Sea and Canal Area 7 Notes 8 ReferencesHistory editThe Royal Navy established a Red Sea formation as early as 1846 administered by the Royal Indian Navy 1 2 It was subordinate to the Commander in Chief East Indies until 1883 when it became part of the Mediterranean Fleet In 1914 the station came under command of the Commander in Chief Mediterranean Fleet until the end of the war Following the war the Red Sea was reabsorbed back under the Commander in Chief East Indies During the East African Campaign the Red Sea Force fought the Italians British code breakers of the Government Code and Cypher School GC amp CS at Bletchley Park in the UK deciphered Italian orders of 19 May 1940 coded using C38m machines secretly to mobilise the army and air force in East Africa Merchant traffic was stopped by the British on 24 May pending the introduction of a convoy system The Senior Naval Officer Red Sea Rear Admiral Murray operational at Aden since April with the light cruisers HMS Liverpool and HMAS Hobart Liverpool was replaced by HMS Leander was reinforced by the anti aircraft cruiser HMS Carlisle which sailed south with Convoy BS 4 the 28th Destroyer Flotilla comprising HMS Khartoum Kimberley Kingston and Kandahar and three sloops from the Mediterranean The force was to conduct a blockade Italian East Africa Operation Begum attack the Red Sea Flotilla and protect the sea lanes from Aden to Suez 3 On 21 October 1941 the Mediterranean Fleet s responsibilities were extended to include the Red Sea and Aden including the Gulf of Aden The Mediterranean Fleet thus took over the Red Sea Division of the Red Sea Station which was located between the Gulf of Aden and the Suez Canal excluding Suez Port 4 Rear Admiral Ronald Hallifax took command as Flag Officer Red Sea FORS 4 Three weeks later the responsibilities were adjusted once more On 14 November 1941 the Senior Naval Officer in Charge Suez who was based at Port Tawfik Suez Port was placed under the command of Rear Admiral Hallifax Over a hundred kilometres to the north halfway up the Suez Canal the Senior British Naval Officer Suez Canal Area based at Ismailia remained responsible for all British naval policy questions in regards to the Suez Canal Company 4 In January 1944 the station was transferred back from the Mediterranean Fleet to C in C East Indies Commodore Commanding Red Sea Division editIncomplete list of post holders included Rank Flag Name Term Notes Ref Commodore Commanding Red Sea Division 1 Commodore nbsp Robert H More Molyneux 1884 1885 5 later AdmiralRear Admiral Egypt and Red Sea editPost holders included Note Command is also known as Egypt Division and Red Sea Rank Flag Name Term Notes Ref Rear Admiral Egypt and Red Sea 1 Rear Admiral nbsp Thomas Jackson 6 July 1917 28 December 1918 6 2 Rear Admiral nbsp Henry B Pelly 24 December 1918 March 1920 7 Senior Naval Officer Red Sea Patrol edit Incomplete list of post holders included Rank Flag Name Term Notes Ref Senior Naval Officer Red Sea Patrol 8 1 Captain nbsp William H D Boyle March 1916 December 1918 9 Senior Naval Officer Red Sea Force editRank Flag Name Term Notes Ref Senior Naval Officer Red Sea Force 1 Rear Admiral nbsp A J L Murray 24 May 1939 1 April 1941 10 2 Rear Admiral nbsp Ronald H C Hallifax 1 April 1941 21 October 1941 11 Senior Naval Officer Red Sea edit Incomplete list of post holders included Rank Insig Name Term Notes Ref Senior Naval Officer Red Sea 1 Captain nbsp John Campbell Annesley 2 June 1939 to 19 January 1940 12 2 Captain nbsp H E Horan 19 January 1940 to 29 June 1940 13 Flag Officer Red Sea editRank Flag Name Term Flag Officer Commanding Red Sea 1 Rear Admiral nbsp Ronald H C Hallifax 21 October 1941 to 17 May 1942 14 Senior Naval Officer in Charge Suez edit Included Rank Flag Name Term Notes Ref Senior Naval Officer in Charge Suez 1 Commodore nbsp Charles A A Larcom 14 November 1941 13 May 1942Flag Officer Commanding Red Sea and Canal Area editRank Flag Name Term Flag Officer Commanding Red Sea and Canal Area 1 Rear Admiral nbsp Ronald H C Hallifax 18 May 1942 6 November 1943 14 died in office 2 Rear Admiral nbsp John Waller 6 November 28 December 1943 14 3 Commodore nbsp Douglas Young Jamieson 28 December 1943 31 October 1944 15 Commodore Young Jamieson s broad pennant was seemingly borne in HMS Stag shore establishment which was the name used for the base for British naval personnel in Egypt First established at Port Said it was commissioned on 8 January 1940 There were outposts at Adabya Kabrit Ismailia Generiffa Port Tewfik HMS Stag was paid off in May 1949 HMS Euphrates at Basra seemingly reported to Flag Officer Red Sea and Canal Area from its establishment in 1942 Notes edit Allen s Indian Mail and Register of Intelligence for British and Foreign and India and China and all parts of the East London England W H Allen and Company 1846 p 602 Low Charles Rathbone 1877 History of the Indian Navy 1613 1863 London England R Bentley and Son p 192 commodore and senior naval officer Red Sea and Aden O Hara 2009 pp 99 100 a b c Brown David 2013 The Royal Navy and the Mediterranean Vol II November 1940 December 1941 Cambridge England Routledge p 27 ISBN 9781136341274 Raugh 2008 p 77 Watson Graham E 5 February 2001 RN Flag Officers 1914 1918 based on various Navy Lists www gwpda org Retrieved 28 September 2018 Harley Simon Lovell Tony 27 August 2018 Egypt The Dreadnought Project www dreadnoughtproject org Harley and Lovell Retrieved 28 September 2018 Archives The National To Senior Naval Officer Red Sea Patrol Requesting on behalf of Sherif Faisal passage discovery nationalarchives gov uk London England The National Archives JOYCE 1 112 Retrieved 28 September 2018 Stewart William 2009 Admirals of the world a biographical dictionary 1500 to the present Jefferson North Carolina USA Macfarland p 38 ISBN 9780786482887 Kindell Don 14 March 2012 Admiralty War Diaries Loss of HMS Khartoum June 1940 www naval history net Gordon Smith Retrieved 28 September 2018 Kindell Don 14 March 2012 Admiralty War Diaries Loss of HMS Khartoum June 1940 www naval history net Gordon Smith Retrieved 28 September 2018 Houterman J N Royal Navy RN Officers 1939 1945 A www unithistories com Houterman and Koppes Retrieved 28 September 2018 Kindell Don 14 March 2012 Admiralty War Diaries Loss of HMS Khartoum June 1940 www naval history net Gordon Smith Retrieved 28 September 2018 a b c The Navy List London England H M Stationery Office December 1942 p 1340 The Navy List London England H M Stationery Office November 1944 p 2264 References editAllen s Indian Mail and Register of Intelligence for British and Foreign and India and China and all parts of the East London England W H Allen and Company 1846 Brown David 2013 The Royal Navy and the Mediterranean Vol II November 1940 December 1941 Cambridge England Routledge ISBN 9781136341274 Harley Simon Lovell Tony 2018 Egypt The Dreadnought Project www dreadnoughtproject org Harley and Lovell Houterman Jerome N Koppes Jeroen 2004 2006 Royal Navy Mediterranean Fleet 1939 1945 www unithistories com Houterman and Koppes Netherlands Kindell Don 2012 Admiralty War Diaries Loss of HMS Khartoum June 1940 www naval history net Gordon Smith Low Charles Rathbone 1877 History of the Indian Navy 1613 1863 London England R Bentley and Son O Hara Vincent P 2009 Ch 6 The Red Sea 1940 41 Struggle for the Middle Sea The Great Navies at War in the Mediterranean Theater 1940 1945 London Conway pp 99 107 ISBN 978 1 84486 102 6 Raugh Harold E Jr 2008 British Military Operations in Egypt and the Sudan A Selected Bibliography Lanham Maryland Scarecrow Press ISBN 9781461657002 Watson Dr Graham 2015 Royal Navy Organisation in World War 2 1939 1945 naval history net Gordon Smith Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Red Sea and Canal Area amp oldid 1183046697, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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