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Edinger–Westphal nucleus

August 18, 2023

The Edinger–Westphal nucleus (accessory oculomotor nucleus,[1] or visceral oculomotor nucleus[2]) is one of two nuclei of the oculomotor nerve.[3] It is located in the midbrain.[3][4] It receives afferents from the both pretectal nuclei (which have in turn received afferents from the optic tract).[5] It contains parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neuron cell bodies that synapse in the ciliary ganglion.[4][2] It contributes the autonomic, parasympathetic component to the oculomotor nerve (CN III),[5] ultimately providing innervation to the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary muscle to mediate the pupillary light reflex and accommodation, respectively.[2][4]

Edinger–Westphal nucleus
Section through superior colliculus (unlabeled) showing path of oculomotor nerve.
Figure showing the different groups of cells, which constitute, according to Perlia, the nucleus of origin of the oculomotor nerve.
1. Posterior dorsal nucleus.
1’. Posterior ventral nucleus.
2. Anterior dorsal nucleus.
2’. Anterior ventral nucleus.
3. Central nucleus.
4. Nucleus of Edinger and Westphal.
5. Antero-internal nucleus.
6. Antero-external nucleus.
8. Crossed fibers.
9. Trochlear nerve, with 9’, its nucleus of origin, and 9", its decussation.
10. Third ventricle.
M, M. Median line.
Details
PartsProvides input to Parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion
Identifiers
Latinnuclei accessorii nervi oculomotorii
MeSHD065839
NeuroNames498
NeuroLex IDbirnlex_822
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]

The term "Edinger–Westphal nucleus" also referred to[4] what is now known as the centrally-projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus,[6] intermingled population of non-preganglionic neurons[4] that do not project to the ciliary ganglion[6] but to various regions throughout the central nervous system.[6][7]

Anatomy

Centrally-projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus

Alternatively, the term Edinger–Westphal nucleus is often used to refer to the adjacent population of non-preganglionic neurons that do not project to the ciliary ganglion, but rather project to the spinal cord, dorsal raphe nucleus, lateral septal nuclei,[6] lateral hypothalamic area and the central nucleus of the amygdala, among other regions.[7]

Unlike the classical preganglionic neurons that contain choline acetyltransferase, neurons of the Centrally-projecting Edinger–Westphal nucleus contain various neuropeptide such as urocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript.[8]

Previously, it had been proposed to rename this group of non-preganglionic, neuropeptide-containing neurons to perioculomotor subgriseal neuronal stream, abbreviated pIIISG.[9] However, more recently, a final nomenclature has been determined. Preganglionic oculomotor neurons within the Edinger–Westphal nucleus are to be referred to as the EWpg, and the neuropeptide-containing neurons shall be known as the centrally-projecting Edinger Westphal nucleus, or EWcp.[6]

Anatomical relations

The paired nuclei are posterior to the main motor nucleus (oculomotor nucleus) and anterolateral to the cerebral aqueduct in the rostral midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus.

It is the most rostral of the parasympathetic nuclei in the brain stem.

Function

The Edinger–Westphal nucleus supplies preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the eye, constricting the pupil, accommodating the lens, and convergence of the eyes.[10]

Neurophysiology

Pupillary light reflex

The EWN receives feedback from the locus coeruleus about illumination of the retina in order for the EWN to adjust the size of the pupil in response to varying ambiental brightness.[4]

Accommodation

Research

It has also been implicated in the mirroring of pupil size in sad facial expressions. When seeing a sad face, participants' pupils dilated or constricted to mirror the face they saw, which predicted both how sad they perceived the face to be, as well as activity within this region.[11][12]

Eponym

The nucleus is named for both Ludwig Edinger, from Frankfurt, who demonstrated it in the fetus in 1885, and for Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal, from Berlin, who demonstrated it in the adult in 1887.[13]

Additional images

  •  

    The cranial nerve nuclei schematically represented; dorsal view. Motor nuclei in red; sensory in blue.

  •  

    Nuclei of origin of cranial motor nerves schematically represented; lateral view.

  •  

    Primary terminal nuclei of the afferent (sensory) cranial nerves schematically represented; lateral view.

References

  1. ^ Joyce, Christopher; Le, Patrick H.; Peterson, Diana C. (2022), "Neuroanatomy, Cranial Nerve 3 (Oculomotor)", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 30725811, retrieved 2022-08-08
  2. ^ a b c Sonne, James; Lopez-Ojeda, Wilfredo (2022), "Neuroanatomy, Cranial Nerve", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 29261885, retrieved 2022-08-08
  3. ^ a b Joyce, Christopher; Le, Patrick H.; Peterson, Diana C. (2022), "Neuroanatomy, Cranial Nerve 3 (Oculomotor)", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 30725811, retrieved 2022-08-08
  4. ^ a b c d e f Heiland Hogan, Madeline B.; Subramanian, Suriya; M Das, Joe (2022), "Neuroanatomy, Edinger–Westphal Nucleus (Accessory Oculomotor Nucleus)", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 32119442, retrieved 2022-08-08
  5. ^ a b Yoo, Hannah; Mihaila, Dana M. (2023), "Neuroanatomy, Pupillary Light Reflexes and Pathway", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 31985962, retrieved 2023-08-15
  6. ^ a b c d e Kozicz T, Bittencourt JC, May PJ, Reiner A, Gamlin PD, Palkovits M, Horn AK, Toledo CA, Ryabinin AE (2011). "The Edinger–Westphal nucleus: A historical, structural and functional perspective on a dichotomous terminology". J. Comp. Neurol. 519 (8): 1413–34. doi:10.1002/cne.22580. PMC 3675228. PMID 21452224.
  7. ^ a b Dos Santos Junior, ED, Da Silva AV, Da Silva KR, Haemmerle CA, Batagello DS, Da Silva JM, Lima LB, Da Silva RJ, Diniz GB, Sita LV, Elias CF, Bittencourt JC (2015). "The centrally projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus-I: Efferents in the rat brain" (PDF). J. Chem. Neuroanat. 68: 22–38. doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2015.07.002. hdl:11449/160880. PMID 26206178. S2CID 205769513.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link).
  8. ^ Kozicz, T. (2003). "Neurons colocalizing urocortin and cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript immunoreactivities are induced by acute lipopolysaccharide stress in the Edinger–Westphal nucleus in the rat". Neuroscience. 116 (2): 315–20. doi:10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00772-8. PMID 12559087. S2CID 11251849.
  9. ^ May PJ, Reiner AJ, Ryabinin AE (March 2008). "Comparison of the Distributions of Urocortin Containing and Cholinergic Neurons in the Perioculomotor Midbrain of the Cat and Macaque". J. Comp. Neurol. 507 (3): 1300–16. doi:10.1002/cne.21514. PMC 2863095. PMID 18186029.
  10. ^ Kaufman, Paul L.; Levin, Leonard A.; Alm, Albert (2011). Adler's Physiology of the Eye. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 508. ISBN 978-0-323-05714-1.
  11. ^ Harrison, NA; Wilson, CE; Critchley, HD (2007). "Processing of observed pupil size modulates perception of sadness and predicts empathy". Emotion. 7 (4): 724–9. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.4.724. PMID 18039039.
  12. ^ Harrison, NA; Singer, T; Rotshtein, P; Dolan, RJ; Critchley, HD (2006). "Pupillary contagion: central mechanisms engaged in sadness processing". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. 1 (1): 5–17. doi:10.1093/scan/nsl006. PMC 1716019. PMID 17186063.
  13. ^ synd/893 at Who Named It?

External links

August 18, 2023
edinger, westphal, nucleus, accessory, oculomotor, nucleus, visceral, oculomotor, nucleus, nuclei, oculomotor, nerve, located, midbrain, receives, afferents, from, both, pretectal, nuclei, which, have, turn, received, afferents, from, optic, tract, contains, p. The Edinger Westphal nucleus accessory oculomotor nucleus 1 or visceral oculomotor nucleus 2 is one of two nuclei of the oculomotor nerve 3 It is located in the midbrain 3 4 It receives afferents from the both pretectal nuclei which have in turn received afferents from the optic tract 5 It contains parasympathetic pre ganglionic neuron cell bodies that synapse in the ciliary ganglion 4 2 It contributes the autonomic parasympathetic component to the oculomotor nerve CN III 5 ultimately providing innervation to the iris sphincter muscle and ciliary muscle to mediate the pupillary light reflex and accommodation respectively 2 4 Edinger Westphal nucleusSection through superior colliculus unlabeled showing path of oculomotor nerve Figure showing the different groups of cells which constitute according to Perlia the nucleus of origin of the oculomotor nerve 1 Posterior dorsal nucleus 1 Posterior ventral nucleus 2 Anterior dorsal nucleus 2 Anterior ventral nucleus 3 Central nucleus 4 Nucleus of Edinger and Westphal 5 Antero internal nucleus 6 Antero external nucleus 8 Crossed fibers 9 Trochlear nerve with 9 its nucleus of origin and 9 its decussation 10 Third ventricle M M Median line DetailsPartsProvides input to Parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglionIdentifiersLatinnuclei accessorii nervi oculomotoriiMeSHD065839NeuroNames498NeuroLex IDbirnlex 822Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy edit on Wikidata The term Edinger Westphal nucleus also referred to 4 what is now known as the centrally projecting Edinger Westphal nucleus 6 intermingled population of non preganglionic neurons 4 that do not project to the ciliary ganglion 6 but to various regions throughout the central nervous system 6 7 Contents 1 Anatomy 1 1 Centrally projecting Edinger Westphal nucleus 1 2 Anatomical relations 2 Function 2 1 Neurophysiology 2 1 1 Pupillary light reflex 2 1 2 Accommodation 3 Research 4 Eponym 5 Additional images 6 References 7 External linksAnatomy EditCentrally projecting Edinger Westphal nucleus Edit Alternatively the term Edinger Westphal nucleus is often used to refer to the adjacent population of non preganglionic neurons that do not project to the ciliary ganglion but rather project to the spinal cord dorsal raphe nucleus lateral septal nuclei 6 lateral hypothalamic area and the central nucleus of the amygdala among other regions 7 Unlike the classical preganglionic neurons that contain choline acetyltransferase neurons of the Centrally projecting Edinger Westphal nucleus contain various neuropeptide such as urocortin and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript 8 Previously it had been proposed to rename this group of non preganglionic neuropeptide containing neurons to perioculomotor subgriseal neuronal stream abbreviated pIIISG 9 However more recently a final nomenclature has been determined Preganglionic oculomotor neurons within the Edinger Westphal nucleus are to be referred to as the EWpg and the neuropeptide containing neurons shall be known as the centrally projecting Edinger Westphal nucleus or EWcp 6 Anatomical relations Edit The paired nuclei are posterior to the main motor nucleus oculomotor nucleus and anterolateral to the cerebral aqueduct in the rostral midbrain at the level of the superior colliculus It is the most rostral of the parasympathetic nuclei in the brain stem Function EditThe Edinger Westphal nucleus supplies preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the eye constricting the pupil accommodating the lens and convergence of the eyes 10 Neurophysiology Edit Pupillary light reflex Edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it August 2022 The EWN receives feedback from the locus coeruleus about illumination of the retina in order for the EWN to adjust the size of the pupil in response to varying ambiental brightness 4 Accommodation Edit This section is empty You can help by adding to it August 2022 Research EditIt has also been implicated in the mirroring of pupil size in sad facial expressions When seeing a sad face participants pupils dilated or constricted to mirror the face they saw which predicted both how sad they perceived the face to be as well as activity within this region 11 12 Eponym EditThe nucleus is named for both Ludwig Edinger from Frankfurt who demonstrated it in the fetus in 1885 and for Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal from Berlin who demonstrated it in the adult in 1887 13 Additional images Edit The cranial nerve nuclei schematically represented dorsal view Motor nuclei in red sensory in blue Nuclei of origin of cranial motor nerves schematically represented lateral view Primary terminal nuclei of the afferent sensory cranial nerves schematically represented lateral view References Edit Joyce Christopher Le Patrick H Peterson Diana C 2022 Neuroanatomy Cranial Nerve 3 Oculomotor StatPearls Treasure Island FL StatPearls Publishing PMID 30725811 retrieved 2022 08 08 a b c Sonne James Lopez Ojeda Wilfredo 2022 Neuroanatomy Cranial Nerve StatPearls Treasure Island FL StatPearls Publishing PMID 29261885 retrieved 2022 08 08 a b Joyce Christopher Le Patrick H Peterson Diana C 2022 Neuroanatomy Cranial Nerve 3 Oculomotor StatPearls Treasure Island FL StatPearls Publishing PMID 30725811 retrieved 2022 08 08 a b c d e f Heiland Hogan Madeline B Subramanian Suriya M Das Joe 2022 Neuroanatomy Edinger Westphal Nucleus Accessory Oculomotor Nucleus StatPearls Treasure Island FL StatPearls Publishing PMID 32119442 retrieved 2022 08 08 a b Yoo Hannah Mihaila Dana M 2023 Neuroanatomy Pupillary Light Reflexes and Pathway StatPearls Treasure Island FL StatPearls Publishing PMID 31985962 retrieved 2023 08 15 a b c d e Kozicz T Bittencourt JC May PJ Reiner A Gamlin PD Palkovits M Horn AK Toledo CA Ryabinin AE 2011 The Edinger Westphal nucleus A historical structural and functional perspective on a dichotomous terminology J Comp Neurol 519 8 1413 34 doi 10 1002 cne 22580 PMC 3675228 PMID 21452224 a b Dos Santos Junior ED Da Silva AV Da Silva KR Haemmerle CA Batagello DS Da Silva JM Lima LB Da Silva RJ Diniz GB Sita LV Elias CF Bittencourt JC 2015 The centrally projecting Edinger Westphal nucleus I Efferents in the rat brain PDF J Chem Neuroanat 68 22 38 doi 10 1016 j jchemneu 2015 07 002 hdl 11449 160880 PMID 26206178 S2CID 205769513 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Kozicz T 2003 Neurons colocalizing urocortin and cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript immunoreactivities are induced by acute lipopolysaccharide stress in the Edinger Westphal nucleus in the rat Neuroscience 116 2 315 20 doi 10 1016 S0306 4522 02 00772 8 PMID 12559087 S2CID 11251849 May PJ Reiner AJ Ryabinin AE March 2008 Comparison of the Distributions of Urocortin Containing and Cholinergic Neurons in the Perioculomotor Midbrain of the Cat and Macaque J Comp Neurol 507 3 1300 16 doi 10 1002 cne 21514 PMC 2863095 PMID 18186029 Kaufman Paul L Levin Leonard A Alm Albert 2011 Adler s Physiology of the Eye Elsevier Health Sciences p 508 ISBN 978 0 323 05714 1 Harrison NA Wilson CE Critchley HD 2007 Processing of observed pupil size modulates perception of sadness and predicts empathy Emotion 7 4 724 9 doi 10 1037 1528 3542 7 4 724 PMID 18039039 Harrison NA Singer T Rotshtein P Dolan RJ Critchley HD 2006 Pupillary contagion central mechanisms engaged in sadness processing Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 1 1 5 17 doi 10 1093 scan nsl006 PMC 1716019 PMID 17186063 synd 893 at Who Named It External links EditDiagram at Columbia Stained brain slice images which include the Edinger Westphal nucleus at the BrainMaps project MedEd at Loyola Neuro frames nlBSs nl18fr htm 3 12 Cranial Nerves Yale School of Medicine Archived from the original on 2016 03 03 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Edinger Westphal nucleus amp oldid 1170571352, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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