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Department of the East

March 03, 2023

The Department of the East was a military administrative district established by the U.S. Army several times in its history. The first was from 1853 to 1861, the second Department of the East, from 1863 to 1873, and the last from 1877 to 1913.[1]

History

As part of a major reorganization of the Western Territories, after October 31, 1853 the division echelon was eliminated and the six western departments consolidated into four (Departments of Texas, New Mexico, the West, and the Pacific). The four departments (1st-4th) of the Eastern Division were similarly consolidated into the Department of the East, with boundaries encompassing all the states east of the Mississippi River. It remained thus until August 17, 1861, when the American Civil War, created a need for a vast increase in the Union Army and more departments to administer them and the Department of the East was discontinued.

On January 3, 1863, the Department of the East was revived, to administer the many districts and posts created by the Civil War in New York, New Jersey and the states of New England. It became subordinate to the Military Division of the Atlantic, from 1865 to 1866 and the Division of the Atlantic, in 1868 until this department was discontinued in 1873.

Again the Department of the East was revived in 1877, once again subordinate to the Division of the Atlantic, until the Division was discontinued in 1891. In 1911, it became subordinate to a new Eastern Division, until the Department of the East was discontinued 1913, being replaced by the Eastern Department. The Panama Canal Department was created as a separate formation on 26 June 1917 by separation from the Eastern Department.

The 24th Aero Squadron returned to the United States on or about 1 August 1919 and reported to Mitchell Field, on Long Island, New York. However, the squadron was sent to Park Field, near Memphis, Tennessee, where personnel were de-mobilized and returned to civilian life.[2][3][4][5] It was carried as an administrative unit seemingly under the Eastern Department,[citation needed] however, it was not re-manned and was finally inactivated on 1 October 1919.

The Eastern Department was discontinued when the Army's command was reorganized by the 1920 amendment to the 1916 Defense Act.[6] It was replaced by the Second Corps Area.

Headquarters

The headquarters of the 1853–1861 Department of the East in 1861 was Troy, New York,[7] except for the few years under the command of Gen. Bankhead, when he made his headquarters at Fort McHenry, in Baltimore, Maryland.

The headquarters of the last Department of the East was originally located in leased office space in New York City until 1878, when the War Department relocated all headquarters functions across the country to army posts due to economic considerations. The headquarters was relocated to Fort Columbus, renamed Fort Jay in 1904 on Governors Island in New York Harbor.

1853–1861 Department of the East commanders

1863–1873 Department of the East commanders

1877–1913 Department of the East commanders

In 1878, the War Department directed that all departmental commands, if not located on a post, were to give up leased office space and off-post housing allowances and relocate headquarters and staff to the nearest Army post. In New York City, the headquarters was moved to Fort Columbus on Governors Island in New York Harbor.

1913–1920 Eastern Department commanders

References

  1. ^ National Archives, Guide to Federal Records; Records of United States Army Continental Commands, 1821-1920 (Record Group 393), 1817-1940 (bulk 1817-1920)
  2. ^ Hagdedorn, Dan (1995), Alae Supra Canalem: Wings Over the Canal, Turner Publishing, ISBN 1-56311-153-5
  3. ^ War Department, 1920, Battle Participation of Organizations of the American Expeditionary Forces in France, Belgium and Italy, 1917–1918, Washington, Government Printing Office; Brown, Waldo, R.W. Pillsbury (1921), The American Army in the World War, A Divisional Record of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe, Overseas Book Company.
  4. ^ AFHRA document 00055928, 24th Aero Squadron (Observation), 1917–1919
  5. ^ AFHRA document 00055929, 24th Fighter Squadron, 1917–1919
  6. ^ Records of United States Army Continental Commands, 1821-1920
  7. ^ University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History: The Texas Almanac for 1861, p.251
  8. ^ David Stephen Heidler, Jeanne T. Heidler, David J. Coles, Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History, W. W. Norton & Company, Sept. 1, 2002, p. 587
  • (chapter 2)
  • National Archives, Guide to Federal Records; Records of United States Army Continental Commands, 1821-1920 (Record Group 393), 1817-1940 (bulk 1817-1920)

March 03, 2023
department, east, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, january, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Department of the East news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Department of the East was a military administrative district established by the U S Army several times in its history The first was from 1853 to 1861 the second Department of the East from 1863 to 1873 and the last from 1877 to 1913 1 Contents 1 History 2 Headquarters 3 1853 1861 Department of the East commanders 4 1863 1873 Department of the East commanders 5 1877 1913 Department of the East commanders 6 1913 1920 Eastern Department commanders 7 ReferencesHistory EditAs part of a major reorganization of the Western Territories after October 31 1853 the division echelon was eliminated and the six western departments consolidated into four Departments of Texas New Mexico the West and the Pacific The four departments 1st 4th of the Eastern Division were similarly consolidated into the Department of the East with boundaries encompassing all the states east of the Mississippi River It remained thus until August 17 1861 when the American Civil War created a need for a vast increase in the Union Army and more departments to administer them and the Department of the East was discontinued On January 3 1863 the Department of the East was revived to administer the many districts and posts created by the Civil War in New York New Jersey and the states of New England It became subordinate to the Military Division of the Atlantic from 1865 to 1866 and the Division of the Atlantic in 1868 until this department was discontinued in 1873 Again the Department of the East was revived in 1877 once again subordinate to the Division of the Atlantic until the Division was discontinued in 1891 In 1911 it became subordinate to a new Eastern Division until the Department of the East was discontinued 1913 being replaced by the Eastern Department The Panama Canal Department was created as a separate formation on 26 June 1917 by separation from the Eastern Department The 24th Aero Squadron returned to the United States on or about 1 August 1919 and reported to Mitchell Field on Long Island New York However the squadron was sent to Park Field near Memphis Tennessee where personnel were de mobilized and returned to civilian life 2 3 4 5 It was carried as an administrative unit seemingly under the Eastern Department citation needed however it was not re manned and was finally inactivated on 1 October 1919 The Eastern Department was discontinued when the Army s command was reorganized by the 1920 amendment to the 1916 Defense Act 6 It was replaced by the Second Corps Area Headquarters EditThe headquarters of the 1853 1861 Department of the East in 1861 was Troy New York 7 except for the few years under the command of Gen Bankhead when he made his headquarters at Fort McHenry in Baltimore Maryland The headquarters of the last Department of the East was originally located in leased office space in New York City until 1878 when the War Department relocated all headquarters functions across the country to army posts due to economic considerations The headquarters was relocated to Fort Columbus renamed Fort Jay in 1904 on Governors Island in New York Harbor 1853 1861 Department of the East commanders EditMajor Gen John E Wool 1853 1854 Bvt Brig Gen James Bankhead 1854 1856 Major Gen John E Wool 1857 Aug 17 18611863 1873 Department of the East commanders EditMajor Gen John E Wool January 3 1863 July 18 1863 Major Gen John A Dix July 18 1863 June 27 1865 8 Major Gen Joseph Hooker June 27 1865 August 1866 Major Gen George Gordon Meade August 1866 January 2 1868 Major Gen Thomas W Sherman January 2 1868 July 16 1868 Major Gen Irvin McDowell July 16 1868 December 16 18721877 1913 Department of the East commanders EditIn 1878 the War Department directed that all departmental commands if not located on a post were to give up leased office space and off post housing allowances and relocate headquarters and staff to the nearest Army post In New York City the headquarters was moved to Fort Columbus on Governors Island in New York Harbor 1878 Winfield S Hancock 1886 John M Schofield 1888 Oliver O Howard 1891 John M Schofield 1891 Oliver O Howard 1894 Nelson A Miles 1895 Thomas H Ruger 1897 Wesley Merritt 1898 20 May to 2 July Royal Thaxter Frank 1898 2 July to 24 October George L Gillespie 1898 William R Shafter 1899 Wesley Merritt 1900 John R Brooke 1902 Arthur MacArthur 1902 Adna R Chaffee 1903 Henry C Corbin 1904 Frederick D Grant 1904 James F Wade 1907 Frederick D Grant 1908 Leonard Wood 1910 Frederick D Grant 1912 Tasker H Bliss 1912 Thomas H Barry1913 1920 Eastern Department commanders Edit1913 Thomas H Barry 1914 Robert K Evans 1914 Leonard Wood 1917 J Franklin Bell 1917 Eli D Hoyle 1918 William A Mann 1918 J Franklin Bell 1919 Thomas H Barry 1919 Charles Justin BaileyReferences Edit National Archives Guide to Federal Records Records of United States Army Continental Commands 1821 1920 Record Group 393 1817 1940 bulk 1817 1920 Hagdedorn Dan 1995 Alae Supra Canalem Wings Over the Canal Turner Publishing ISBN 1 56311 153 5 War Department 1920 Battle Participation of Organizations of the American Expeditionary Forces in France Belgium and Italy 1917 1918 Washington Government Printing Office Brown Waldo R W Pillsbury 1921 The American Army in the World War A Divisional Record of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe Overseas Book Company AFHRA document 00055928 24th Aero Squadron Observation 1917 1919 AFHRA document 00055929 24th Fighter Squadron 1917 1919 Records of United States Army Continental Commands 1821 1920 University of North Texas Libraries The Portal to Texas History The Texas Almanac for 1861 p 251 David Stephen Heidler Jeanne T Heidler David J Coles Encyclopedia of the American Civil War A Political Social and Military History W W Norton amp Company Sept 1 2002 p 587 US Army Order of Battle 1919 1941 chapter 2 National Archives Guide to Federal Records Records of United States Army Continental Commands 1821 1920 Record Group 393 1817 1940 bulk 1817 1920 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Department of the East amp oldid 1111611004, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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