Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia
The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (ELCIN) is a Lutheran denomination based in Namibia. It has a total membership of over 853,522 in 2023,[1] mainly in Northern Namibia. Formerly known as the Evangelical Lutheran Ovambo-Kavango Church (ELOC), it played a significant role in opposition to Apartheid in Namibia and was part of the Namibian independence struggle.[2]
| Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia | |
|---|---|
Symbol of Lutheranism | |
| Classification | Protestant |
| Orientation | Lutheran |
| Polity | Episcopal |
| Presiding Bishop | Shekutaamba Nambala |
| Associations | |
| Region | Namibia |
| Headquarters | Oniipa |
| Origin | 1954 Engela |
| Congregations | 123 |
| Members | 772,398 |
| Ministers | 143 |
| Secondary schools | 2 |
| Other name(s) | Evangelical Lutheran Ovambo-Kavango Church |
| Official website | www |
Other Lutheran churches in Namibia are the southern based Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia and the German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (GELK).[3]
The last presiding bishop was Shekutaamba Nambala. He retired in 2021; by the end of 2022, the post was still vacant.[4]
History edit
The church developed out of the work of the Finnish Missionary Society that began in 1870 among the Ovambo and Kavango people in the northern area of what became German South West Africa. In 1954, an independent church known as the Evangelical Lutheran Ovambo-Kavango Church was established with Birger Eriksson as its first president.[5]
The first Namibian bishop of ELOC, Leonard Auala, played a notable role in the struggle for Namibia's independence. In 1971, an open letter was written jointly with Moderator Paulus Gowaseb of the Rhenish Mission's United Evangelical Lutheran Church in South West Africa (later known as the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia) to the Prime Minister of South Africa, B. J. Vorster, which declared their church's opposition to the continued rule of South Africa and the acceptance of the recommendation by the International Court of Justice for the withdrawal of South Africa's mandate and a transition period towards independence.[6]
In 1984, ELOC's name was officially changed to its current iteration, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia.[2]
Auala's successor, Kleopas Dumeni, also played an important role in highlighting the plight of Namibians under South African rule.[7] Bishop Dumeni suffered personal losses in the struggle including the death of his 18-year-old daughter in a bomb blast in 1988.[8]
In 2007, ELCIN together with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia and the German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (GELK) formed the United Church Council: Namibia Evangelical Lutheran Churches, with the ultimate aim of becoming one united national Lutheran church.[2]
Structure edit
The church was originally led by a moderator elected from amongst the clergy. In the 1960s, the church adopted episcopal polity and was subsequently led by a bishop. In 1992, the church was divided into two dioceses, the Eastern Diocese and the Western Diocese, each led by its own bishop, and since 1996 a Presiding Bishop has been elected to preside over the whole ELCIN.
There have been calls for the Western Diocese to be further divided into two, to create a total of three dioceses.[9] Two further dioceses would be added by the proposed amalgamation with Namibia's other two Lutheran denominations, a process which is under discussion.
Moderators and Presiding Bishops edit
- Moderators of ELOC[10]
- Birger Eriksson (1954 – 1958)
- Alpo Hukka (1958 – 1960)
- Leonard Auala (1960 – 1963)
- Bishops of ELOC (episcopal polity adopted 1963)
- Leonard Auala (1963 – 1978)
- Kleopas Dumeni (1978 – 1996) (name changed from ELOC to ELCIN in 1984)
- Presiding Bishops of ELCIN
- Kleopas Dumeni (1996 – 2000), consecrated 1978
- Apollos Kaulinge (2000 – 2004), consecrated 1996 for Western Diocese
- Tomas Shivute (2004 – 2012), consecrated 2000 for Western Diocese
- Shekutaamba Nambala, (2012 – 2022), consecrated 2012 for Western Diocese
- Gideon Niitenge consecrated 2022 until the present for Eastern Diocese[11]
Okahao controversy edit
Between 2012 and 2014, the Bishop of the Western Diocese was Josafat Shanghala. Shanghala attempted to move the parish pastor at Okahao, the Rev Hulda Shau-Aitana, to the parish of Okambebe. The pastor refused to move, claiming that the relocation was not for pastoral reasons, but rather a personal punishment. The issue became highly divisive within the church, and high-profile within Namibian news media.
In October 2013, parishioners at Okahao petitioned Presiding Bishop Shekutaamba Nambala to have Shanghala removed from office. The Presiding Bishop attempted to intervene, and appointed two separate commissions to report on the growing public controversy, but the results of both commissions were rejected by the parish. The Presiding Bishop ultimately appeared to side with the parish authorities, leading to concerns being expressed for the future unity of the church.[12]
On 9 February 2014, Shanghala attempted to visit Okahao parish to preach at the Sunday morning service, but he was prevented from speaking by the congregation, who heckled him in the pulpit, and then ejected him from the church.[13]
The controversy was terminated when Shanghala retired in June 2014, aged 70.[14] His retirement ceremony was attended by dignitaries of church and state, including the Namibian Prime Minister. Shanghala was succeeded as Bishop of the Western Diocese by Veikko Munyika.
Affiliations edit
ELCIN participates actively in ecumenical work through its affiliation with:
See also edit
External links edit
- Official website ELCIN (previously Finnish-based)
- Evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche in Namibia, German-speaking Church
References edit
- ^ "Lutheran World Federation website, retrieved 2032-08-28". from the original on 2023-08-11. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
- ^ a b c Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia 2008-08-30 at the Wayback Machine World Council of Churches, January 2006
- ^ "Namibian church website". from the original on 2021-01-23. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
- ^ "Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (ELCIN) - Founders". ELCIN home pages. ELCIN. 2021. from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
- ^ "1952-1954". Chronology of Namibian History. Namibia Library of Dr. Klaus Dierks. from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
- ^ Dugard, John (1973). "The South West Africa/Namibia Dispute: Documents and Scholarly Writings on the Controversy Between South Africa and The United Nations". Perspectives on Southern Africa (9). University of California Press.
- ^ "Bishop Kleopas Dumeni: 'Namibian blacks worse off than those South Africa'". The Afro-American. 4 April 1987. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
- ^ (PDF). Dateline: Namibia. Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. 1988. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
- ^ See reports in The Namibian 2017-08-02 at the Wayback Machine in June 2014.
- ^ Peltola, Matti (1958). Sata vuotta suomalaista lähetystyötä 1859–1959. II: Suomen Lähetysseuran Afrikan työn historia [A hundred years of Finnish missionary work 1859-1959. II: The history of the Finnish Missionary Society in Africa] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomen Lähetysseura (The Finnish Missionary Society). pp. 242–243.
- ^ Nambian newspaper website, article dated 5 December 2021
- ^ Report Okahao ELCIN parishioners split 2017-08-02 at the Wayback Machine at The Namibian.
- ^ See report Congregation boos Bishop Shanghala out of church 2014-03-06 at the Wayback Machine by Kakunawe Shinana at New Era Newsgroup.
- ^ Retirement report Shanghala retires from ELCIN at 70 2017-08-02 at the Wayback Machine by Oswald Shivute in The Namibian.
- ^ "Lutheran World Federation website, retrieved 2023-08-28". from the original on 2023-08-11. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
- ^ "World Council of Churches website, COC page, retrieved 2023-08-28". from the original on 2023-08-11. Retrieved 2023-09-19.
- ^ Members page, retrieved 2023-08-28