ELA-1
ELA-1, short for Ensemble de Lancement Ariane 1 (French for Ariane Launch Area 1), now named Ensemble de Lancement Vega (short ELV), is a launch pad at the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. It has been used to support launches of the Europa rocket, Ariane 1, Ariane 3, and is currently used to launch Vega rockets.[1]
Vega launch pad in 2017 | |
| Launch site | Centre Spatial Guyanais |
|---|---|
| Location | 5°14′10″N 52°46′30″W / 5.236°N 52.775°W |
| Short name | CECLES, ELA-1, ELV |
| Operator | European Space Agency CNES |
| Total launches | 49 1 Europa 11 Ariane 1 5 Ariane 2 9 Ariane 3 23 Vega |
History edit
Europa (BEC) edit
ELA-1, at the time designated Base Équatoriale du CECLES (BEC) was constructed as an equatorial launch site for the Europa-II rocket which was being built as part of the ELDO programme. The first launch occurred on 5 November 1971. This was the only flight of the Europa-II, which ended in failure due to a guidance problem. The launch site was mothballed, and later demolished.
Ariane (ELA) edit
When the Ariane 1 programme was started, to replace the failed ELDO programme, a new launch site was built on the site of the former CECLES pad. This was designated Ensemble de Lancement Ariane (ELA). The first Ariane 1 launch occurred on 24 December 1979. ELA was also used by Ariane 2 and Ariane 3 rockets, which first flew on 31 May 1986 and 4 August 1984 respectively. ELA was redesignated ELA-1 when the Ariane 4 entered service in 1988, as this launched from a separate launch pad, designated ELA-2. The Ariane 1 was retired on 22 February 1986, the Ariane 2 on 2 April 1989, and the Ariane 3 on 12 July 1989. ELA was subsequently demolished.
Vega (ELV) edit
In November 2001, started the redevelopment of the pad to accommodate the Vega rocket and the ELA-1 was redesignated Ensemble de Lancement Vega (ELV).[2] The reconstruction retained the Ariane 1 flame trench and added a new 50 m tall retractable vertical assembly building to cover the rocket during the preparation, four lighting protection masts and a new launch tower for the rocket. The launchpad is sometimes also designated as Site de Lancement Vega (SLV) and Zone de Lancement Vega (ZLV). Vega made its first launch from the complex on 13 February 2012.
Launch History edit
| N° | Date | Flight | Launcher | Payload | Result | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5 November 1971 | F-11 | Europa 2 | satellite mockup | Failure | [3] |
| 2 | 24 December 1979 | L-1 | Ariane 1 | CAT-1 | Success [4] | |
| 3 | 23 May 1980 | L-2 | Firewheel Subsat-1,2,3,4 Amsat P3A CAT 2 | Failure | [4] | |
| 4 | 19 June 1981 | L-3 | Meteosat 2 Apple CAT 3 | Success | [4] | |
| 5 | 20 December 1981 | L-4 | MARECS 1 CAT 4 | Success | [4] | |
| 6 | 19 September 1982 | L-5 | MARECS B Sirio 2 | Failure | [4] | |
| 7 | 16 June 1983 | L-6 | ECS 1 Amsat P3B (Oscar 10) | Success | [4] | |
| 8 | 19 October 1983 | L-7 | Intelsat 507 | Success | [4] | |
| 9 | 5 March 1984 | L-8 | Intelsat 508 | Success | [4][5] | |
| 10 | 23 May 1984 | V-9 | Spacenet F1 | Success | [4][5] | |
| 11 | 4 August 1984 | V-10 | Ariane 3 | Eutelsat 2 Telecom 1A | Success | [5][6] |
| 12 | 10 November 1984 | V-11 | Spacenet F2 MARECS 2 | Success | [5][6] | |
| 13 | 8 February 1985 | V-12 | Arabsat-1A Brasilsat-A1 | Success | [5][6] | |
| 14 | 8 May 1985 | V-13 | GStar 1 Télécom 1B | Success | [5][6] | |
| 15 | 2 July 1985 | V-14 | Ariane 1 | Giotto | Success | [4][5] |
| 16 | 12 September 1985 | V-15 | Ariane 3 | Spacenet 3 ECS 3 | Failure | [5][6][7] |
| 17 | 22 February 1986 | V-16 | Ariane 1 | SPOT 1 Viking | Success | [4][5][7] |
| Flight V-17 (Ariane 3) was the first flight to launch from ELA-2 on 28 March 1986 [6][8] | ||||||
| 18 | 31 May 1986 | V-18 | Ariane 2 | Intelsat VA F-14 | Failure | [5][7][9] |
| 19 | 16 September 1987 | V-19 | Ariane 3 | Aussat A3 ECS 4 | Success | [5][6][7] |
| Flight V-20 (Ariane 2) launched from ELA-2 on 20 November 1987 [7][8][9] | ||||||
| 20 | 11 March 1988 | V-21 | Ariane 3 | Spacenet 3R Telecom 1C | Success | [5][6][7] |
| Flight V-22 (Maiden flight Ariane 4) launched from ELA-2 on 15 June 1988 [5][7][8] | ||||||
| 21 | 17 May 1988 | V-23 | Ariane 2 | Intelsat VA F-13 | Success | [5][7][9] |
| 22 | 21 July 1988 | V-24 | Ariane 3 | INSAT-1C ECS 5 | Success | [5][6][7] |
| Flight V-25 (Ariane 3) launched from ELA-2 on 8 September 1988 [6][7][8] | ||||||
| 23 | 28 October 1988 | V-26 | Ariane 2 | TDF 1 | Success | [5][7][9] |
| 24 | 27 January 1989 | V-28 | Intelsat VA F-15 | Success | [5][7][9] | |
| 25 | 2 April 1989 | V-30 | Tele-X | Success | [5][7][9] | |
| 26 | 11 July 1989 | V-32 | Ariane 3 | Olympus-1 | Success | [5][6][7] |
| Flights V27, V29 and V31 were launched from ELA-2. V27, V29 and V31 were all operated by Ariane 4[8] | ||||||
| From July 1989 until February 2012, no rockets were launched from ELA-1. As an alternative, ELA-2 and ELA-3 were used. In November 2001, construction works started to prepare the pad for the lightweight Vega rocket. | ||||||
| 27 | 13 February 2012 | VV-01 | Vega | Success | [10] | |
| 28 | 7 May 2013 | VV-02 | Success | [10] | ||
| 29 | 30 April 2014 | VV-03 | KazEOSat 1 | Success | [10] | |
| 30 | 11 February 2015 | VV-04 | IVX | Success | [10] | |
| 31 | 23 June 2015 | VV-05 | Sentinel-2A | Success | [10] | |
| 32 | 3 December 2015 | VV-06 | LISA Pathfinder | Success | [10] | |
| 33 | 16 September 2016 | VV-07 | PeruSat-1 4 Terra Bella satellites | Success | [10] | |
| 34 | 5 December 2016 | VV-08 | Göktürk-1A | Success | [10] | |
| 35 | 9 March 2017 | VV-09 | Sentinel-2B | Success | [10] | |
| 36 | 2 August 2017 | VV-10 | OPTSAT-3000 VENμS | Success | ||
| 37 | 8 November 2017 | VV-11 | 2 MN35-13 satellites | Success | ||
| 38 | 22 August 2018 | VV-12 | ADM-Aeolus | Success | ||
| 39 | 21 November 2018 | VV-13 | Mohammed VI-B | Success | ||
| 40 | 22 March 2019 | VV-14 | PRISMA | Success | ||
| 41 | 11 July 2019 | VV-15 | FalconEye 1 | Failure | ||
| 42 | 03 September 2020 | VV-16 |
| Success | ||
| 43 | 17 November 2020 | VV-17 | Failure | |||
| 44 | 29 April 2021 | VV-18 |
| Success | ||
| 45 | 17 August 2021 | VV-19 |
| Success | ||
| 46 | 16 November 2021 | VV-20 | CERES × 3 | Success | ||
| 47 | 13 July 2022 | VV-21 | Vega-C |
| Success | [11] |
| 48 | 21 December 2022 | VV-22 | Pléiades Neo 5 & 6 | Failure | [12] | |
| 49 | 9 October 2023 | VV-23 | Vega |
| Success | [13] |
Situation on 10 October 2023
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Operations". Arianespace. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
- ^ "BEC, ELA, ELV, d'EUROPA à VEGA". Capcomespace. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
- ^ . Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Ariane 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s . Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Ariane 3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Harvey, Brian (14 February 2003). "List of European space launchings". Europe's Space Programme: To Ariane and Beyond. Book Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 358–361. ISBN 978-1-852-33722-3.
- ^ a b c d e . Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 1 February 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f "Ariane 2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Vega Milestones". Arianespace. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
- ^ Atkinson, Ian (13 July 2022). "ESA launches upgraded Vega-C rocket on first mission". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
- ^ Clark, Stephen (21 December 2022). "Two Pléiades Neo Earth-imaging satellites lost in failure of Europe's Vega C rocket". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
- ^ "Flight VV23: success to the benefit of Thaland, Taiwan and cubesats". Arianespace (Press release). 9 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.