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EIA 1956 resolution chart

October 28, 2023

The EIA 1956 Resolution Chart[1][2] (until 1975 called RETMA Resolution Chart 1956) is a test card originally designed in 1956 to be used with black and white analogue TV systems,[3][4] based on the previous (and very similar) RMA 1946 Resolution Chart.[5][6] It consisted of a printed chart filmed by a TV camera or monoscope and displayed on a TV screen.[7] Inspecting the chart allowed to check for defects like ringing, geometric distortions, raster scan linearity, cathode-ray tube uniformity and lack of image resolution.[8][9] If needed, a technician could use it to perform the necessary hardware adjustments.

EIA 1956 video resolution target
Off-air photo of EIA 1956 test card being broadcast by offshore pirate station TV Noordzee, 12 August 1964
Off-air photo of RMA 1946 Resolution Chart being broadcast by Dutch public broadcaster NTS, 7 September 1961

Today, this chart continues to be used to measure image resolution of modern cameras and lenses and also in scientific research.[3][10][11][12][13][14][15]

Features and operation edit

The chart is composed of several features, each designed for a specific test:[16]

  • Large white circle: Allows for image geometry adjustments (image should be centered with the circles being perfectly round).
  • Vertical stripe boxes: A grating with a resolution of 200 Television Lines (TVL), a measurement of image resolution on analogue TV systems, allowing adjustment of horizontal linearity and geometry.
  • Horizontal stripe boxes: A grating, allowing adjustment of vertical linearity.
  • Grayscale steps: Evaluating gamma and transfer characteristics, they allow for contrast and brightness adjustments (at least 6 to 8 steps should be visible)
  • Concentric circles: Allow to test cathode-ray beam sharpness and focus
  • Resolution wedges: The gradually expanding lines near the center, labeled with periodic indications of the corresponding spatial frequency, allow checking of image resolution.
  • Border arrows: Allow for overscan adjustments.
  • Numbers: Going from 200 to 800, they correspond to TV Lines (TVL).

Used with early monochrome TV systems, this chart was useful in measuring image resolution, determined by inspection of the image as displayed on a CRT. On such systems an important measure is the limiting horizontal resolution, affected by hardware and transmission quality (vertical resolution is fixed and determined by the video standard used, usually 525 lines or 625 lines).

Usage edit

This test card was transmitted by NRK in Norway (in conjunction with the monochrome Pye Test Card G),[17][18] CKCK-TV in Saskatchewan, Canada (525-lines variant),[19] KRMA-TV,[20] KVVV-TV,[21] WVIZ-TV,[22] WHYY-TV[23] and WUAB-TV[24] in the United States (525-lines variant; WUAB-TV's version later partially overlaid on SMPTE color bars), RTBF and VRT[25] in Belgium, NTS[26] in the Netherlands, Magyar Televízió in Hungary, TVP[27] in Poland,[28] American Forces Network in West Germany (525-lines variant, sometimes also with the centre portion overlaid on top of Multiburst test pattern),[29] Yugoslav Radio Television in the former SFR Yugoslavia, Rediffusion Television in British Hong Kong (where it replaced a modified version of the 1950s Marconi-designed Associated-Rediffusion "diamond" test card), Egypt and Syria.[30] It was also used by the pirate TV Noordzee station broadcasting to the Netherlands in the 1960s.[31]

This chart, in conjunction with the RMA 1946 Resolution Chart[32] and later widescreen patterns, is commonly used to test consumer and professional standalone, smartphone and tablet cameras for photo and videography[11] and other imaging equipment like microscopes[8] or CCTV cameras.[10]

Variations edit

Some variations of the EIA resolution test chart exist. Two Japanese variants of the EIA 1956 resolution chart are called "ITE Resolution Chart /EIAJ Test Chart A"[33] and "JEITA Test Chart II".[34] A widescreen update of the EIA 1956 resolution chart was developed around the 1980s for the HD-MAC broadcasting standard,[35] which was later modified by the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers of Japan as its ITE Resolution Chart for High-definition Televisions.[36][37]

Telefunken T 05 edit

 
Recreation of Telefunken Test Card T05
 
A Philips "Starenkasten" 1952 TV set, displaying the Telefunken T05 test card.

In continental Europe,[38] another variation known as Telefunken Test Card T05[39] was used. It had five diagonal bars on the top left of the centre white circle and different resolution wedges reminiscent of the RMA 1946 Resolution Chart. It was also available as individual rolls of test film, particularly in the DACH countries.[16] As a test card, it was used on ARD (from the 1950s up to the 1970s), Hessischer Rundfunk,[39] Bayerischer Rundfunk,[40] WDR,[41] NWRV in northern Germany,[42] Yugoslav Radio Television,[43][39] Österreichischer Rundfunk in Austria,[44] BRT[45] in Belgium, Doordarshan in India, some commercial TV stations in Australia, TVE in Spain, Israel Broadcasting Authority and Israeli Educational Television in Israel, and in early-1950s trial television tests by the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden.[30]

The centre portion of the Telefunken T05 test card was depicted on the obverse side of the 50 Years of Television commemorative coin minted on 9 March 2005 in Austria.[46]

See also edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to EIA Resolution Chart 1956.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Telefunken Test Card T05.

References edit

  1. ^ Kang, Moon Gi (April 3, 2003). Selected Papers on CCD and CMOS Imagers. SPIE Press. ISBN 9780819451149 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ Sampat, Nitin; Yeh, Thomas (April 3, 1999). Sensors, Cameras, and Applications for Digital Photography: 27-28 January 1999, San Jose, California. SPIE. ISBN 9780819431219 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ a b Evans, John (2006). Standards for Visual Acuity (PDF). KT Consulting.
  4. ^ QA-70-1 Video Resolution Pattern (EIA-1956) Product Specifications (PDF). Applied Image Inc.
  5. ^ "GJ's Home Page- Resolution test chart RMA 1946". home.kpn.nl.
  6. ^ Bali, S. P. Bali, Rajeev. Audio Video Systems. Khanna Publishing House. ISBN 9788187522058 – via Google Books.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ "Resolution Measured TV Lines". Causeway Security Solutions.
  8. ^ a b "Stage Micrometers, Microscopy Calibration Standards, 2008" (PDF). dataoptics.com.
  9. ^ "EIA-1956 Resolution Video Test Chart QA-70 – 登華資訊".
  10. ^ a b Malone, T. (August 1997). VNIIEF NMPC and A Maintenance Management Conference -- video surveillance. VNIIEF NMC&A maintenance management conference. Richland, WA. OSTI 634045.
  11. ^ a b "Video Resolution Test Patterns". www.bealecorner.com.
  12. ^ Liu, Yingli; Dai, Yijie; Shen, Fanqi; Yang, Lin; Ding, Zhanghao; Zheng, Zhenrong; Wu, Rengmao; Xu, Liu (28 March 2022). "High-performance imaging with an advanced non-imaging lens based on full-path optical diffraction calculation in two-dimensional space". Optics Express. 30 (7): 11014–11025. Bibcode:2022OExpr..3011014L. doi:10.1364/OE.449685. PMID 35473054. S2CID 247388943.
  13. ^ Yang, D.X.D.; Gamal, A.E.; Fowler, B.; Tian, H. (December 1999). "A 640/spl times/512 CMOS image sensor with ultrawide dynamic range floating-point pixel-level ADC". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits. 34 (12): 1821–1834. doi:10.1109/4.808907. S2CID 35539716.
  14. ^ Simova, Eli; Rochefort, Paul A. (2015). "Ionizing Radiation Effects in Non-Radiation-Tolerant Commercial Video Cameras". 2015 IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop (REDW). pp. 1–6. doi:10.1109/REDW.2015.7336719. ISBN 978-1-4673-7641-9. S2CID 18380237.
  15. ^ Ghosh, Kunal Kumar (2010). Miniature and Mass-Producible Fluorescence Microscopes for Biomedical Imaging (Thesis). ProQuest 2442179265.
  16. ^ a b Dhake, A. M. (May 1, 1999). TV and Video Engineering. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 9780074601051 – via Google Books.
  17. ^ . January 12, 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-01-12.
  18. ^ "Tidslinje for fjernsynet". www.eace.no. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
  19. ^ "EIA Resolution Chart 1956 CKCK- V". January 6, 2016 – via Flickr.
  20. ^ https://sam.rmpbs.org
  21. ^ "KVVV-TV, Channel 16 Ruins - Test Pattern Image". monkeyview - Here are the albums of Invisible Texan.
  22. ^ "Celebrating 50 years of WVIZ/PBS". 27 March 2015.
  23. ^ "Test pattern". 19 October 2010.
  24. ^ WUAB Ch. 43 Cleveland - Test Pattern from 1976!, retrieved 2023-01-14
  25. ^ "Reception DX TV Belgique". dxtv.
  26. ^ "Reception DX TV Pays Bas". dxtv.
  27. ^ "Reception DX TV Pologne". dxtv.
  28. ^ . January 12, 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-01-12.
  29. ^ "Europesche-testbeelden, Radio Bulletin 1972". fmtvdx.eu.
  30. ^ a b . January 12, 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-01-12.
  31. ^ "TV Noordzee testbeeld, handige knutselaar ontvangt testbeeld via betonwijzer | Nationaal Archief". www.nationaalarchief.nl.
  32. ^ Lamminen, H; Ruohonen, K; Uusitalo, H (May 2001). "Visual tests for measuring the picture quality of teleconsultations for medical purposes". Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 65 (2): 95–110. doi:10.1016/S0169-2607(00)00120-6. PMID 11275330.
  33. ^ "TE095". www.image-engineering.de. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
  34. ^ JEITA Test Chart (PDF). JEITA：Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association. 2018. p. 4.
  35. ^ . www.pembers.freeserve.co.uk. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 August 2022.
  36. ^ ITE Test Card (PDF). ITE：Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers. 2022. p. 19.
  37. ^ "TE128". www.image-engineering.de. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
  38. ^ Hamer, Keith; Smith, Garry (2018). TV DX-ING FM DX-ING TEST CARDS (PDF). HS PUBLICATIONS. p. 18.
  39. ^ a b c "Television & Video: Test Cards & Signals - Telefunken, Jerome Glick". jeromeglick.net.
  40. ^ "Reception DX TV Allemagne Baviere". dxtv.
  41. ^ "Reception DX TV Allemagne Rhenanie du Nord Westpha". dxtv.
  42. ^ SWALUW; VAN DER WOERD (1962). INLEIDING TOT DE TV SERVICE (PDF). Philips. p. 162.
  43. ^ "Testcards, Jugoslovenska Radiotelevizija - Radio Televizija Zagreb (JRT/RTZ) 1974". testcards.retropia.co.uk.
  44. ^ "Reception DX TV Autriche". dxtv.
  45. ^ "Reception DX TV Belgique". dxtv.
  46. ^ . Austrian Mint. Archived from the original on 24 September 2010. Retrieved 2008-07-07.

October 28, 2023
1956, resolution, chart, 1956, resolution, chart, until, 1975, called, retma, resolution, chart, 1956, test, card, originally, designed, 1956, used, with, black, white, analogue, systems, based, previous, very, similar, 1946, resolution, chart, consisted, prin. The EIA 1956 Resolution Chart 1 2 until 1975 called RETMA Resolution Chart 1956 is a test card originally designed in 1956 to be used with black and white analogue TV systems 3 4 based on the previous and very similar RMA 1946 Resolution Chart 5 6 It consisted of a printed chart filmed by a TV camera or monoscope and displayed on a TV screen 7 Inspecting the chart allowed to check for defects like ringing geometric distortions raster scan linearity cathode ray tube uniformity and lack of image resolution 8 9 If needed a technician could use it to perform the necessary hardware adjustments EIA 1956 video resolution targetOff air photo of EIA 1956 test card being broadcast by offshore pirate station TV Noordzee 12 August 1964Off air photo of RMA 1946 Resolution Chart being broadcast by Dutch public broadcaster NTS 7 September 1961Today this chart continues to be used to measure image resolution of modern cameras and lenses and also in scientific research 3 10 11 12 13 14 15 Contents 1 Features and operation 2 Usage 3 Variations 3 1 Telefunken T 05 4 See also 5 ReferencesFeatures and operation editThe chart is composed of several features each designed for a specific test 16 Large white circle Allows for image geometry adjustments image should be centered with the circles being perfectly round Vertical stripe boxes A grating with a resolution of 200 Television Lines TVL a measurement of image resolution on analogue TV systems allowing adjustment of horizontal linearity and geometry Horizontal stripe boxes A grating allowing adjustment of vertical linearity Grayscale steps Evaluating gamma and transfer characteristics they allow for contrast and brightness adjustments at least 6 to 8 steps should be visible Concentric circles Allow to test cathode ray beam sharpness and focus Resolution wedges The gradually expanding lines near the center labeled with periodic indications of the corresponding spatial frequency allow checking of image resolution Border arrows Allow for overscan adjustments Numbers Going from 200 to 800 they correspond to TV Lines TVL Used with early monochrome TV systems this chart was useful in measuring image resolution determined by inspection of the image as displayed on a CRT On such systems an important measure is the limiting horizontal resolution affected by hardware and transmission quality vertical resolution is fixed and determined by the video standard used usually 525 lines or 625 lines Usage editThis test card was transmitted by NRK in Norway in conjunction with the monochrome Pye Test Card G 17 18 CKCK TV in Saskatchewan Canada 525 lines variant 19 KRMA TV 20 KVVV TV 21 WVIZ TV 22 WHYY TV 23 and WUAB TV 24 in the United States 525 lines variant WUAB TV s version later partially overlaid on SMPTE color bars RTBF and VRT 25 in Belgium NTS 26 in the Netherlands Magyar Televizio in Hungary TVP 27 in Poland 28 American Forces Network in West Germany 525 lines variant sometimes also with the centre portion overlaid on top of Multiburst test pattern 29 Yugoslav Radio Television in the former SFR Yugoslavia Rediffusion Television in British Hong Kong where it replaced a modified version of the 1950s Marconi designed Associated Rediffusion diamond test card Egypt and Syria 30 It was also used by the pirate TV Noordzee station broadcasting to the Netherlands in the 1960s 31 This chart in conjunction with the RMA 1946 Resolution Chart 32 and later widescreen patterns is commonly used to test consumer and professional standalone smartphone and tablet cameras for photo and videography 11 and other imaging equipment like microscopes 8 or CCTV cameras 10 Variations editSome variations of the EIA resolution test chart exist Two Japanese variants of the EIA 1956 resolution chart are called ITE Resolution Chart EIAJ Test Chart A 33 and JEITA Test Chart II 34 A widescreen update of the EIA 1956 resolution chart was developed around the 1980s for the HD MAC broadcasting standard 35 which was later modified by the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers of Japan as its ITE Resolution Chart for High definition Televisions 36 37 Telefunken T 05 edit nbsp Recreation of Telefunken Test Card T05 nbsp A Philips Starenkasten 1952 TV set displaying the Telefunken T05 test card In continental Europe 38 another variation known as Telefunken Test Card T05 39 was used It had five diagonal bars on the top left of the centre white circle and different resolution wedges reminiscent of the RMA 1946 Resolution Chart It was also available as individual rolls of test film particularly in the DACH countries 16 As a test card it was used on ARD from the 1950s up to the 1970s Hessischer Rundfunk 39 Bayerischer Rundfunk 40 WDR 41 NWRV in northern Germany 42 Yugoslav Radio Television 43 39 Osterreichischer Rundfunk in Austria 44 BRT 45 in Belgium Doordarshan in India some commercial TV stations in Australia TVE in Spain Israel Broadcasting Authority and Israeli Educational Television in Israel and in early 1950s trial television tests by the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm Sweden 30 The centre portion of the Telefunken T05 test card was depicted on the obverse side of the 50 Years of Television commemorative coin minted on 9 March 2005 in Austria 46 See also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to EIA Resolution Chart 1956 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Telefunken Test Card T05 Television lines Philips PM5540 Indian head test pattern Test cardReferences edit Kang Moon Gi April 3 2003 Selected Papers on CCD and CMOS Imagers SPIE Press ISBN 9780819451149 via Google Books Sampat Nitin Yeh Thomas April 3 1999 Sensors Cameras and Applications for Digital Photography 27 28 January 1999 San Jose California SPIE ISBN 9780819431219 via Google Books a b Evans John 2006 Standards for Visual Acuity PDF KT Consulting QA 70 1 Video Resolution Pattern EIA 1956 Product Specifications PDF Applied Image Inc GJ s Home Page Resolution test chart RMA 1946 home kpn nl Bali S P Bali Rajeev Audio Video Systems Khanna Publishing House ISBN 9788187522058 via Google Books a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Resolution Measured TV Lines Causeway Security Solutions a b Stage Micrometers Microscopy Calibration Standards 2008 PDF dataoptics com EIA 1956 Resolution Video Test Chart QA 70 登華資訊 a b Malone T August 1997 VNIIEF NMPC and A Maintenance Management Conference video surveillance VNIIEF NMC amp A maintenance management conference Richland WA OSTI 634045 a b Video Resolution Test Patterns www bealecorner com Liu Yingli Dai Yijie Shen Fanqi Yang Lin Ding Zhanghao Zheng Zhenrong Wu Rengmao Xu Liu 28 March 2022 High performance imaging with an advanced non imaging lens based on full path optical diffraction calculation in two dimensional space Optics Express 30 7 11014 11025 Bibcode 2022OExpr 3011014L doi 10 1364 OE 449685 PMID 35473054 S2CID 247388943 Yang D X D Gamal A E Fowler B Tian H December 1999 A 640 spl times 512 CMOS image sensor with ultrawide dynamic range floating point pixel level ADC IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits 34 12 1821 1834 doi 10 1109 4 808907 S2CID 35539716 Simova Eli Rochefort Paul A 2015 Ionizing Radiation Effects in Non Radiation Tolerant Commercial Video Cameras 2015 IEEE Radiation Effects Data Workshop REDW pp 1 6 doi 10 1109 REDW 2015 7336719 ISBN 978 1 4673 7641 9 S2CID 18380237 Ghosh Kunal Kumar 2010 Miniature and Mass Producible Fluorescence Microscopes for Biomedical Imaging Thesis ProQuest 2442179265 a b Dhake A M May 1 1999 TV and Video Engineering Tata McGraw Hill Education ISBN 9780074601051 via Google Books Non UK Television Test Cards Tuning Signals Clocks and Idents Norway January 12 2016 Archived from the original on 2016 01 12 Tidslinje for fjernsynet www eace no Retrieved 2023 01 14 EIA Resolution Chart 1956 CKCK V January 6 2016 via Flickr https sam rmpbs org KVVV TV Channel 16 Ruins Test Pattern Image monkeyview Here are the albums of Invisible Texan Celebrating 50 years of WVIZ PBS 27 March 2015 Test pattern 19 October 2010 WUAB Ch 43 Cleveland Test Pattern from 1976 retrieved 2023 01 14 Reception DX TV Belgique dxtv Reception DX TV Pays Bas dxtv Reception DX TV Pologne dxtv Non UK Television Test Cards Tuning Signals Clocks and Idents Poland January 12 2016 Archived from the original on 2016 01 12 Europesche testbeelden Radio Bulletin 1972 fmtvdx eu a b Non UK Television Test Cards Tuning Signals Clocks and Idents January 12 2016 Archived from the original on 2016 01 12 TV Noordzee testbeeld handige knutselaar ontvangt testbeeld via betonwijzer Nationaal Archief www nationaalarchief nl Lamminen H Ruohonen K Uusitalo H May 2001 Visual tests for measuring the picture quality of teleconsultations for medical purposes Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 65 2 95 110 doi 10 1016 S0169 2607 00 00120 6 PMID 11275330 TE095 www image engineering de Retrieved 2023 01 14 JEITA Test Chart PDF JEITA Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association 2018 p 4 Television Test Cards Tuning Signals Clocks and Idents www pembers freeserve co uk Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 10 August 2022 ITE Test Card PDF ITE Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 2022 p 19 TE128 www image engineering de Retrieved 2023 01 14 Hamer Keith Smith Garry 2018 TV DX ING FM DX ING TEST CARDS PDF HS PUBLICATIONS p 18 a b c Television amp Video Test Cards amp Signals Telefunken Jerome Glick jeromeglick net Reception DX TV Allemagne Baviere dxtv Reception DX TV Allemagne Rhenanie du Nord Westpha dxtv SWALUW VAN DER WOERD 1962 INLEIDING TOT DE TV SERVICE PDF Philips p 162 Testcards Jugoslovenska Radiotelevizija Radio Televizija Zagreb JRT RTZ 1974 testcards retropia co uk Reception DX TV Autriche dxtv Reception DX TV Belgique dxtv 50 Years Television coin Austrian Mint Archived from the original on 24 September 2010 Retrieved 2008 07 07 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title EIA 1956 resolution chart amp oldid 1180592322, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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