"Product test" redirects here. For tests of consumer products, see Product testing.
A Durham rule, product test, or product defect rule is a rule in a criminal case by which a jury may determine a defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity because a criminal act was the product of a mental disease. Examples in which such rules were articulated in common law include State v. Pike (1869) and Durham v. United States (1954).[1]: 633 In Pike, the court[which?] wrote, "An accused is not criminally responsible if his unlawful act was the product of mental disease or mental defect."[1]: 633
The Durham rule was abandoned in the case United States v. Brawner, 471 F.2d 969 (1972).[1]: 634 After the 1970s, U.S. jurisdictions have tended to not recognize this argument as it places emphasis on "mental disease or defect" and thus on testimony by psychiatrists and is argued to be somewhat ambiguous. The problem with the "product test" was that it gave psychiatric and psychological experts too much influence in a decision of insanity and not enough to jurors. Although an expert witness may testify as to his opinion in a trial, judges are reluctant to allow it when the opinion goes to the ultimate issue of a case, i.e. when the opinion alone could decide the outcome of a case. The product test asked expert witnesses to use their judgment in determining whether criminal actions were "'the product' of a mental disease or defect." It is the jury's job to decide whether a defendant's actions were the product of his mental disease or defect. The expert witness' job is to determine whether the defendant possesses a mental disease or defect. Further, often conflicting 'expert witnesses' were put on the witness stand by the prosecution and defense to draw the opposite conclusions regarding the cause of an individual's actions.
durham, rule, product, test, redirects, here, tests, consumer, products, product, testing, product, test, product, defect, rule, rule, criminal, case, which, jury, determine, defendant, guilty, reason, insanity, because, criminal, product, mental, disease, exa. Product test redirects here For tests of consumer products see Product testing A Durham rule product test or product defect rule is a rule in a criminal case by which a jury may determine a defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity because a criminal act was the product of a mental disease Examples in which such rules were articulated in common law include State v Pike 1869 and Durham v United States 1954 1 633 In Pike the court which wrote An accused is not criminally responsible if his unlawful act was the product of mental disease or mental defect 1 633 The Durham rule was abandoned in the case United States v Brawner 471 F 2d 969 1972 1 634 After the 1970s U S jurisdictions have tended to not recognize this argument as it places emphasis on mental disease or defect and thus on testimony by psychiatrists and is argued to be somewhat ambiguous The problem with the product test was that it gave psychiatric and psychological experts too much influence in a decision of insanity and not enough to jurors Although an expert witness may testify as to his opinion in a trial judges are reluctant to allow it when the opinion goes to the ultimate issue of a case i e when the opinion alone could decide the outcome of a case The product test asked expert witnesses to use their judgment in determining whether criminal actions were the product of a mental disease or defect It is the jury s job to decide whether a defendant s actions were the product of his mental disease or defect The expert witness job is to determine whether the defendant possesses a mental disease or defect Further often conflicting expert witnesses were put on the witness stand by the prosecution and defense to draw the opposite conclusions regarding the cause of an individual s actions References edit a b c Criminal Law Cases and Materials 7th ed 2012 Wolters Kluwer Law amp Business John Kaplan Robert Weisberg Guyora Binder ISBN 978 1 4548 0698 1 1 See also editInsanity defense ALI rule M Naghten rules nbsp This article about a criminal law topic is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Durham rule amp oldid 1197915403, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
