Ridge and swale, or in dunal areas dune and swale, is a landform consisting of regular, parallel ridges alternating with marshy depressions.[1] Ridge-and-swale landscapes are most commonly formed by the gradual movement of a beach, for example as a result of gradually fluctuating water levels, or the shifting meanders of a river. In the river context, ridge-and-swale landscapes are commonly formed by scroll bars.[2] They are also found along ocean coasts, for example on the Outer Banks of North Carolina.[3]
Freshwater ridge-and-swale ecosystems are globally rare and found only in parts of the Great Lakes of North America.[4] They were formed as a result of the gradual retreat of beaches due to falling water levels and post-glacial rebound.[5] The swales and the adjoining lake or river commonly form a single hydrological unit, so that rising or falling lake levels will cause water levels in the swales to rise or fall as well.[6] Most ridge-and-swale landscapes have been destroyed as a result of the massive industrial development found in many former ridge-and-swale areas, such as the Calumet Region of Northwest Indiana.[7] However, some extensive dune-and-swale complexes persist in Michigan, such as at the Michigan Wilderness State Park. The remaining dune-and-swale complexes along the Great Lakes are often home to extremely rare plants and animals, such as the endangered Karner Blue butterfly.
In the Calumet Region, the difficulty of moving equipment through dune-and-swale topography greatly slowed industrial development, but could not stop it after the turn of the 20th century.[8] The few remnants are preserved as nature preserves, including the Gibson Woods county park in Hessville, Indiana, the Miller Woods section of the Indiana Dunes National Park, and additional preserves operated by The Nature Conservancy and Shirley Heinze Land Trust.[9]
Works citedEdit
Kenneth Schoon (2016). Shifting Sands: The Restoration of the Calumet Area. ISBN9780253023407.
ridge, swale, dunal, areas, dune, swale, landform, consisting, regular, parallel, ridges, alternating, with, marshy, depressions, ridge, swale, landscapes, most, commonly, formed, gradual, movement, beach, example, result, gradually, fluctuating, water, levels. Ridge and swale or in dunal areas dune and swale is a landform consisting of regular parallel ridges alternating with marshy depressions 1 Ridge and swale landscapes are most commonly formed by the gradual movement of a beach for example as a result of gradually fluctuating water levels or the shifting meanders of a river In the river context ridge and swale landscapes are commonly formed by scroll bars 2 They are also found along ocean coasts for example on the Outer Banks of North Carolina 3 Contents 1 Great Lakes ridge and swale 2 Works cited 3 References 4 External linksGreat Lakes ridge and swale EditFreshwater ridge and swale ecosystems are globally rare and found only in parts of the Great Lakes of North America 4 They were formed as a result of the gradual retreat of beaches due to falling water levels and post glacial rebound 5 The swales and the adjoining lake or river commonly form a single hydrological unit so that rising or falling lake levels will cause water levels in the swales to rise or fall as well 6 Most ridge and swale landscapes have been destroyed as a result of the massive industrial development found in many former ridge and swale areas such as the Calumet Region of Northwest Indiana 7 However some extensive dune and swale complexes persist in Michigan such as at the Michigan Wilderness State Park The remaining dune and swale complexes along the Great Lakes are often home to extremely rare plants and animals such as the endangered Karner Blue butterfly In the Calumet Region the difficulty of moving equipment through dune and swale topography greatly slowed industrial development but could not stop it after the turn of the 20th century 8 The few remnants are preserved as nature preserves including the Gibson Woods county park in Hessville Indiana the Miller Woods section of the Indiana Dunes National Park and additional preserves operated by The Nature Conservancy and Shirley Heinze Land Trust 9 Works cited EditKenneth Schoon 2016 Shifting Sands The Restoration of the Calumet Area ISBN 9780253023407 References Edit Schoon 2016 p 9 Kirstie A Fryirs Gary J Brierley 2012 Geomorphic Analysis of River Systems ISBN 978 1118305447 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint uses authors parameter link Dirk Frankenberg 2012 The Nature of the Outer Banks ISBN 978 0807872376 Patrick Comer Dennis Albert 1993 A Survey of Wooded Dune and Swale Complexes in Michigan Retrieved 2017 11 21 Michigan s Natural Communities Wooded Dune and Swale Complex Michigan Natural Features Inventory Retrieved 2017 11 21 Dune and Swale Factsheet PDF The Nature Conservancy Retrieved 2017 11 21 Ivanhoe Dune amp Swale The Nature Conservancy Retrieved 2017 11 21 Schoon 2016 p 60 Schoon 2016 pp 246 252 External links EditWooded dune and swale complex Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ridge and swale amp oldid 1143006440, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
