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Drei Lieder (Stockhausen)

January 19, 2023

Drei Lieder (Three Songs), for alto voice and chamber orchestra, is a song cycle by Karlheinz Stockhausen, written while he was still a conservatory student in 1950. In the composer's catalogue of works, it bears the number 1/10.

Drei Lieder
Lieder by Karlheinz Stockhausen
Other nameLieder der Abtrünnung
Catalogue1/10
Textthree poems by Stockhausen (the first later replaced by one by Charles Baudelaire)
LanguageGerman
Composed1950 (1950)
DedicationDoris Andreae
Performed21 October 1971 (1971-10-21)
Scoring
  • alto
  • chamber orchestra

History

When the 21-year-old Stockhausen wrote the Drei Lieder in two weeks during the summer of 1950, he had no ambition to become a composer. He was approaching the end of his studies in music education at the Cologne Conservatory and, after numerous classroom exercises, wanted merely to try his hand at composing something of substantial proportions. The work was originally titled Lieder der Abtrünnung (Songs of a Renegade), and set three poems written by the composer himself: "Mitten im Leben" (In the Midst of Life), "Frei" (Free), and "Der Saitenmann" (The Fiddler). (It is possible that there were originally five songs, but two were later destroyed.) The score is dedicated to Doris Andreae, who later became the composer's wife.[1]

Stockhausen submitted the score to the jury for the Darmstädter Ferienkurse, but they rejected it, judging it as "too old-fashioned" and the texts as "too gruesome". In reaction, Stockhausen decided to replace the text of the first song with a German translation of a poem by Charles Baudelaire. When he successfully auditioned for admission to Frank Martin's composition class at the conservatory, it was the Drei Lieder that he presented, and he also submitted the score as one of two examination papers in his optional subject, composition (the other was the Sonatine for violin and piano). The score remained unperformed for twenty years, until Maurice Fleuret asked him for something to premiere at the SMIP concerts in Paris.[clarification needed] Curious to hear what this work of juvenilia sounded like, Stockhausen offered the Drei Lieder, which were performed for the first time, sung by Brigitte Fassbaender, on 21 October 1971 under the composer's baton. Stockhausen conducted further performances in Rome in 1973 and with the Berlin Philharmonic in 1975, and made a recording for the SWR in the same year with Sylvia Anderson, mezzo-soprano, and the SWR Symphony Orchestra.[2][3]

Instrumentation

The chamber orchestra accompanying the alto voice consists of:

  • Flute (doubling piccolo)
  • E♭ clarinet
  • A clarinet
  • bassoon
  • C trumpet (doubling D trumpet)
  • percussion (two players)
  • piano
  • harpsichord (electrically amplified)
  • trombone
  • violins
  • violas
  • cellos
  • contrabasses

Analysis

The three songs are:

  • Der Rebell (The Rebel)
  • Frei (Free)
  • Der Saitenmann (The Fiddler)

The musical language of the songs is eclectic, synthesizing elements of twelve-tone technique and neotonality[4] with traits of the frantic German jazz of the 1930s.[5] The influence of Berg and Schoenberg can be heard in the writing for the voice and the strings, while Stravinsky is often suggested by the bassoon lines and brass chords. The toy-soldier trumpet-and-side-drum flourishes that open each of the three songs, establishing their ironic character, recall Hindemith and Weill, and the frequent xylophone solos echo Bartók's Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion, which became the subject of Stockhausen's graduation thesis in 1951. The third song seems to be under the spell of Olivier Messiaen (with whom Stockhausen would study in 1952), even including what appears to be a brief quotation from the French composer's Trois petites liturgies de la présence divine. However, it appears that Stockhausen only first became acquainted with Messiaen's music the month after completing the Drei Lieder.[6]

The first song is a dialogue between the alto voice and the trumpet, setting a text by Baudelaire about refusing to submit to authority. The music of "Frei" is light and mercurial, in contrast to the grim humour of the text, in which Harlequin receives a knotted rope from the king. In a gesture reminiscent of the Alexandrian Solution, the jester defiantly cuts the knots with an axe.[7]

Discography

  • Karlheinz Stockhausen. Drei Lieder, für Altstimme und Kammerorchester (1950); Sonatine, für Violine und Klavier (1951); Spiel, für Orchester (1952); Schlagtrio, für Klavier und 2 x 3 Pauken (1952). Sylvia Anderson, alto; Sinfonie-Orchester des Südwestfunks Baden-Baden, Karlheinz Stockhausen, cond. Saschko Gawriloff, violin; Aloys Kontarsky, piano. LP Recording, 1 disc: stereo, 12 in., 33⅓ rpm. DGG 2530 827. [Hamburg]: Deutsche Grammophon, 1977. This performance of the Drei Lieder reissued as part of La canción moderna II, with songs by Alban Berg and Benjamin Britten. Enciclopedia Salvat de los grandes temas de la música; 27. Stereo cassette tape. Fonogram 74 07 227. Madrid: Fonogram, 1983. The recordings of the Sonatine and Drei Lieder reissued, on Stockhausen: Chöre für Doris, Choral, Drei Lieder, Sonatine, Kreuzspiel. Chor des Norddeutschen Rundfunks (Irmgard Jacobeit, soprano), Karlheinz Stockhausen, cond. (first two works); members of the London Sinfonietta, Karlheinz Stockhausen, cond. (last work). Compact disc, 1 sound disc: stereo, 4¾ in. Stockhausen Complete Edition CD 1. Kürten: Stockhausen-Verlag, 2002.

References

  1. ^ Kurtz 1992, pp. 27, 31.
  2. ^ Stockhausen 1978, p. 41.
  3. ^ Kurtz 1992, p. 184.
  4. ^ Frisius 2008, p. 25.
  5. ^ Maconie 2005, p. 15.
  6. ^ Kohl 2008.
  7. ^ Maconie 2005, p. 36.

Cited sources

  • Frisius, Rudolf. 2008. Karlheinz Stockhausen II: Die Werke 1950–1977; Gespräch mit Karlheinz Stockhausen, "Es geht aufwärts". Mainz, London, Berlin, Madrid, New York, Paris, Prague, Tokyo, Toronto: Schott Musik International. ISBN 978-3-7957-0249-6.
  • Kohl, Jerome. 2008. "Drei Lieder (Three Songs) for Alto Voice and Chamber Orchestra". Programme book for the Klang Festival, (1–9 November), Southbank Centre, London, 20–21. London: Southbank Centre.
  • Kurtz, Michael. 1992. Stockhausen: A Biography, translated by Richard Toop. London and Boston: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-14323-7 (cloth); ISBN 0-571-17146-X (pbk).
  • Maconie, Robin. 2005. Other Planets: The Music of Karlheinz Stockhausen. Lanham, Maryland, Toronto, Oxford: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-5356-6.
  • Stockhausen, Karlheinz. 1978. "Drei Lieder für Altstimme und Kammerorchester (1950)". In his Texte zur Musik 4 (1970–1977), edited by Christoph von Blumröder, 41–45. DuMont Dokumente. Cologne: DuMont Buchverlag. ISBN 3-7701-1078-1.

Further reading

  • Gratzer, Wolfgang. 1994. "Zur Wiederkehr Harlekins auf Karlheinz Stockhausens Bühne". In Die lustige Person auf der Bühne, 2 vols., edited by Peter Csobádi, 2:733–750. Wort und Musik: Salzburger Akademische Beiträge 23. Anif-Salzburg: Müller-Speiser. ISBN 3-85145-023-X.
  • Lekfeldt, Jørgen. 2000. "Stockhausens teologi". Transfiguration: Nordisk tidsskrift for kunst og kristendom 2, no. 1 (August): 7–42.

January 19, 2023
drei, lieder, stockhausen, drei, lieder, three, songs, alto, voice, chamber, orchestra, song, cycle, karlheinz, stockhausen, written, while, still, conservatory, student, 1950, composer, catalogue, works, bears, number, drei, liederlieder, karlheinz, stockhaus. Drei Lieder Three Songs for alto voice and chamber orchestra is a song cycle by Karlheinz Stockhausen written while he was still a conservatory student in 1950 In the composer s catalogue of works it bears the number 1 10 Drei LiederLieder by Karlheinz StockhausenOther nameLieder der AbtrunnungCatalogue1 10Textthree poems by Stockhausen the first later replaced by one by Charles Baudelaire LanguageGermanComposed1950 1950 DedicationDoris AndreaePerformed21 October 1971 1971 10 21 Scoringaltochamber orchestra Contents 1 History 2 Instrumentation 3 Analysis 4 Discography 5 References 5 1 Cited sources 6 Further readingHistory EditWhen the 21 year old Stockhausen wrote the Drei Lieder in two weeks during the summer of 1950 he had no ambition to become a composer He was approaching the end of his studies in music education at the Cologne Conservatory and after numerous classroom exercises wanted merely to try his hand at composing something of substantial proportions The work was originally titled Lieder der Abtrunnung Songs of a Renegade and set three poems written by the composer himself Mitten im Leben In the Midst of Life Frei Free and Der Saitenmann The Fiddler It is possible that there were originally five songs but two were later destroyed The score is dedicated to Doris Andreae who later became the composer s wife 1 Stockhausen submitted the score to the jury for the Darmstadter Ferienkurse but they rejected it judging it as too old fashioned and the texts as too gruesome In reaction Stockhausen decided to replace the text of the first song with a German translation of a poem by Charles Baudelaire When he successfully auditioned for admission to Frank Martin s composition class at the conservatory it was the Drei Lieder that he presented and he also submitted the score as one of two examination papers in his optional subject composition the other was the Sonatine for violin and piano The score remained unperformed for twenty years until Maurice Fleuret asked him for something to premiere at the SMIP concerts in Paris clarification needed Curious to hear what this work of juvenilia sounded like Stockhausen offered the Drei Lieder which were performed for the first time sung by Brigitte Fassbaender on 21 October 1971 under the composer s baton Stockhausen conducted further performances in Rome in 1973 and with the Berlin Philharmonic in 1975 and made a recording for the SWR in the same year with Sylvia Anderson mezzo soprano and the SWR Symphony Orchestra 2 3 Instrumentation EditThe chamber orchestra accompanying the alto voice consists of Flute doubling piccolo E clarinet A clarinet bassoon C trumpet doubling D trumpet percussion two players piano harpsichord electrically amplified trombone violins violas cellos contrabassesAnalysis EditThe three songs are Der Rebell The Rebel Frei Free Der Saitenmann The Fiddler The musical language of the songs is eclectic synthesizing elements of twelve tone technique and neotonality 4 with traits of the frantic German jazz of the 1930s 5 The influence of Berg and Schoenberg can be heard in the writing for the voice and the strings while Stravinsky is often suggested by the bassoon lines and brass chords The toy soldier trumpet and side drum flourishes that open each of the three songs establishing their ironic character recall Hindemith and Weill and the frequent xylophone solos echo Bartok s Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion which became the subject of Stockhausen s graduation thesis in 1951 The third song seems to be under the spell of Olivier Messiaen with whom Stockhausen would study in 1952 even including what appears to be a brief quotation from the French composer s Trois petites liturgies de la presence divine However it appears that Stockhausen only first became acquainted with Messiaen s music the month after completing the Drei Lieder 6 The first song is a dialogue between the alto voice and the trumpet setting a text by Baudelaire about refusing to submit to authority The music of Frei is light and mercurial in contrast to the grim humour of the text in which Harlequin receives a knotted rope from the king In a gesture reminiscent of the Alexandrian Solution the jester defiantly cuts the knots with an axe 7 Discography EditKarlheinz Stockhausen Drei Lieder fur Altstimme und Kammerorchester 1950 Sonatine fur Violine und Klavier 1951 Spiel fur Orchester 1952 Schlagtrio fur Klavier und 2 x 3 Pauken 1952 Sylvia Anderson alto Sinfonie Orchester des Sudwestfunks Baden Baden Karlheinz Stockhausen cond Saschko Gawriloff violin Aloys Kontarsky piano LP Recording 1 disc stereo 12 in 33 rpm DGG 2530 827 Hamburg Deutsche Grammophon 1977 This performance of the Drei Lieder reissued as part of La cancion moderna II with songs by Alban Berg and Benjamin Britten Enciclopedia Salvat de los grandes temas de la musica 27 Stereo cassette tape Fonogram 74 07 227 Madrid Fonogram 1983 The recordings of the Sonatine and Drei Lieder reissued on Stockhausen Chore fur Doris Choral Drei Lieder Sonatine Kreuzspiel Chor des Norddeutschen Rundfunks Irmgard Jacobeit soprano Karlheinz Stockhausen cond first two works members of the London Sinfonietta Karlheinz Stockhausen cond last work Compact disc 1 sound disc stereo 4 in Stockhausen Complete Edition CD 1 Kurten Stockhausen Verlag 2002 References Edit Kurtz 1992 pp 27 31 Stockhausen 1978 p 41 Kurtz 1992 p 184 Frisius 2008 p 25 Maconie 2005 p 15 Kohl 2008 Maconie 2005 p 36 Cited sources Edit Frisius Rudolf 2008 Karlheinz Stockhausen II Die Werke 1950 1977 Gesprach mit Karlheinz Stockhausen Es geht aufwarts Mainz London Berlin Madrid New York Paris Prague Tokyo Toronto Schott Musik International ISBN 978 3 7957 0249 6 Kohl Jerome 2008 Drei Lieder Three Songs for Alto Voice and Chamber Orchestra Programme book for the Klang Festival 1 9 November Southbank Centre London 20 21 London Southbank Centre Kurtz Michael 1992 Stockhausen A Biography translated by Richard Toop London and Boston Faber and Faber ISBN 0 571 14323 7 cloth ISBN 0 571 17146 X pbk Maconie Robin 2005 Other Planets The Music of Karlheinz Stockhausen Lanham Maryland Toronto Oxford Scarecrow Press ISBN 0 8108 5356 6 Stockhausen Karlheinz 1978 Drei Lieder fur Altstimme und Kammerorchester 1950 In his Texte zur Musik 4 1970 1977 edited by Christoph von Blumroder 41 45 DuMont Dokumente Cologne DuMont Buchverlag ISBN 3 7701 1078 1 Further reading EditGratzer Wolfgang 1994 Zur Wiederkehr Harlekins auf Karlheinz Stockhausens Buhne In Die lustige Person auf der Buhne 2 vols edited by Peter Csobadi 2 733 750 Wort und Musik Salzburger Akademische Beitrage 23 Anif Salzburg Muller Speiser ISBN 3 85145 023 X Lekfeldt Jorgen 2000 Stockhausens teologi Transfiguration Nordisk tidsskrift for kunst og kristendom 2 no 1 August 7 42 Portal Classical music Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Drei Lieder Stockhausen amp oldid 1088971126, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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