Downing Street Chief of Staff
The office of Downing Street Chief of Staff is the most senior political appointee in the Office of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, acting as a senior aide to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The holder of the office retains a highly powerful, non-ministerial position within His Majesty's Government.
| Downing Street Chief of Staff | |
|---|---|
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom | |
| Office of the Prime Minister | |
| Appointer | Prime Minister |
| Formation | 1979 |
| First holder | David Wolfson |
| Website | 10 Downing Street |
The role of Chief of Staff initially had executive authority, vested by the Prime Minister, and at the time of its inception, was referred to as the most powerful unelected official in the UK and possibly ranked third in government, after the elected Prime Minister and the Chancellor of the Exchequer.[1] Since 2007, the role does not have legal or executive authority, although the post holder remains, by definition, the senior adviser to the Prime Minister, and controls access to the Prime Minister and their staff.
From 1997 to 2019, and from November 2020, the title of Chief of Staff has been held by the most senior special adviser at Downing Street. Steve Barclay, the Member of Parliament for North East Cambridgeshire, has served as Chief of Staff from February 2022 to July 2022, following the resignation of Dan Rosenfield. He was the first MP to serve in this capacity, and also retained his position as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and a Cabinet Minister, compounding the Chief of Staff's power and access in UK Government.
The incumbent chief of staff is Liam Booth-Smith, who was installed in the position by Rishi Sunak upon his accession as prime minister in October 2022.
Description edit
The Chief of Staff is an appointed special advisor or a career civil servant who is personally and politically close to the Prime Minister. The responsibilities of the post have varied according to the wishes of the sitting Prime Minister. Since the Chief of Staff is at the centre of the Downing Street operation, he or she will always be influential and closely involved in government policy formulation and implementation, political strategy and communication, and generally advising the Prime Minister.
History edit
The first official chief of staff in 10 Downing Street was David Wolfson, under Margaret Thatcher from 1979 to 1985.[2] The position of Downing Street Chief of Staff was recreated by Tony Blair upon his becoming prime minister in 1997[citation needed] and Jonathan Powell held the post for ten years.
In 1997 Tony Blair gave his chief of staff, a special advisor, 'unprecedented powers' to issue orders to civil servants.[3] Previously the Cabinet secretary had been the most senior non-ministerial figure in the British Government, and along with the principal private secretary to the prime minister had supported the prime minister in the running of 10 Downing Street. Following the creation of the role, the chief of staff supplanted the principal private secretary in running Downing Street operations and effectively replaced the power of the Cabinet secretary in terms of co-ordinating government policy.
Although the Cabinet secretary continued to be a highly important role, through remaining responsible for making sure that the civil service was organised effectively and was capable of delivering the Government's objectives,[4] the chief of staff replaced the Cabinet Secretary as the "right-hand man" for the prime minister.[5] "Powell had been at the epicentre of power. As Tony Blair's chief of staff, he was the ultimate fixer, the prime minister's first line of defence against events, baby-catcher in chief. When things went wrong, people called Powell."[6]
When Powell stood down as chief of staff at the end of the Blair premiership in June 2007, the incoming prime minister, Gordon Brown, temporarily appointed civil servant Tom Scholar as both Downing Street chief of staff and principal private secretary to the prime minister. This was changed upon Scholar's scheduled departure in January 2008, when the title chief of staff was divided amongst two posts in an attempt to split the political policy communication role from the management of civil servants within Number 10.[7] As such, senior civil servant Jeremy Heywood replaced Scholar as principal private secretary to the prime minister, a position he had held under Tony Blair several years earlier, with the role of chief of strategy and principal advisor to the prime minister (effectively chief of staff) being given to political advisor Stephen Carter.[7][8]
After less than a year in the post Carter resigned, becoming a minister and receiving a peerage amid speculation that his part of the chief of staff role had insufficient authority to direct cross-government operations.[9] Heywood continued as both principal private secretary and Downing Street Chief of Staff for the remainder of the Brown Premiership. Upon David Cameron becoming prime minister in May 2010, Heywood returned to the civil service, enabling him to be appointed as the first Downing Street Permanent Secretary. He was replaced as Downing Street chief of staff by Conservative advisor Edward Llewellyn. Cameron also created the role of Downing Street deputy chief of staff, with responsibility for supporting the chief of staff, which was given to Catherine Fall.[10]
Theresa May appointed two joint chiefs of staff in Nick Timothy and Fiona Hill upon becoming prime minister in 2016.[11] Former minister Gavin Barwell succeeded Timothy and Hill after the 2017 general election.[12] The formal title was out of use between July 2019 and November 2020, under prime minister Boris Johnson, when the role was overseen by Dominic Cummings as chief adviser and Edward Lister as chief strategic adviser.[13] However, during this time, Cummings was noted to be the de facto chief of staff.[14][15][16] When Cummings departed Downing Street, Johnson appointed Lister as acting chief of staff.[17]
Lister was succeeded by Dan Rosenfield on a permanent basis.[18] In February 2022, following months of scandal owing to Partygate, Rosenfield, alongside other senior aides Martin Reynolds, Munira Mirza and Jack Doyle, resigned.[19] He was replaced by Steve Barclay, the first MP to hold the position. Barclay served concurrently as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, giving him notable power over Whitehall operations.[20]
Five months later, the resignation of Sajid Javid during the July 2022 United Kingdom government crisis caused a vacancy in the office of Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, which Barclay was appointed to fill shortly prior to Boris Johnson's resignation as prime minister. While no successor was formally appointed, Simone Finn, Baroness Finn held the role in a de facto, acting capacity.
On 6 September 2022 Mark Fulbrook, a veteran Conservative party strategist was installed in the role as part of the incoming Truss ministry.[21] Upon Rishi Sunak becoming prime minister on 25 October 2022, he installed long-term adviser Liam Booth-Smith as chief of staff, making Fullbrook the shortest-serving chief of staff in the office's history.[22]
List of Downing Street Chiefs of Staff edit
| Chief of Staff | Term of office | Party | Ministry | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| David Wolfson | 4 May 1979 | 2 September 1985 | Conservative | Thatcher I Thatcher II | |||
| Vacant 2 September 1985 – 2 May 1997 Various de facto Chiefs of Staff | Thatcher III Major I Major II | ||||||
| Jonathan Powell | 2 May 1997 | 27 June 2007 | Labour | Blair I Blair II Blair III | |||
| Tom Scholar | 27 June 2007 | 23 January 2008 | Independent | Brown | |||
| Stephen Carter (Acting) | 23 January 2008 | 10 October 2008 | Labour | ||||
| Jeremy Heywood | 10 October 2008 | 11 May 2010 | Independent | ||||
| Edward Llewellyn | 11 May 2010 | 13 July 2016 | Conservative | Cameron–Clegg | |||
| Cameron II | |||||||
| Fiona Hill | 14 July 2016 | 9 June 2017 | Conservative | May I | |||
| Nick Timothy | Conservative | ||||||
| Gavin Barwell | 10 June 2017 | 24 July 2019 | Conservative | May II | |||
| Vacant 24 July 2019 – 13 November 2020 Dominic Cummings as Chief Adviser to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Edward Lister as Chief Strategic Adviser | Johnson I | ||||||
| Edward Lister, Baron Udny-Lister (Acting) | 13 November 2020 | 1 January 2021 | Conservative | Johnson II | |||
| Dan Rosenfield | 1 January 2021 | 5 February 2022 | Independent | ||||
| Steve Barclay MP | 5 February 2022 | 5 July 2022 | Conservative | ||||
| Baroness Finn (Acting) | 5 July 2022 | 6 September 2022 | Conservative | ||||
| Mark Fullbrook | 6 September 2022 | 25 October 2022 | Conservative | Truss | |||
| Liam Booth-Smith | 25 October 2022 | Incumbent | Independent | Sunak | |||
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Ian Katz (2008-03-15). "The inside man". The Guardian. London.
- ^ "Lord Wolfson of Sunningdale, businessman who became Mrs Thatcher's chief of staff at No 10 – obituary". The Telegraph. 14 March 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ Nick Assinder. Jonathan Powell BBC 14 July 2004. (Accessed 25 September 2007)
- ^ . Archived from the original on 28 June 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
- ^ Assinder, Nick (14 July 2004). "Profile: Jonathan Powell". BBC News.
- ^ Katz, Ian (15 March 2008). "The inside man". The Guardian. London.
- ^ a b Wintour, Patrick (24 January 2008). "Brown's chief of staff leaves for Treasury post". TheGuardian.com.
- ^ "Brown appoints new chief of staff". BBC News. 23 January 2008.
- ^ . Archived from the original on 15 September 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
- ^ Rogers, Simon (13 June 2010). "Government special advisers: the full list as a spreadsheet". The Guardian. London.
- ^ Mason, Rowena (15 July 2016). "May appoints former advisers as joint chiefs of staff". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ^ Savage, Michael (10 June 2017). "Gavin Barwell appointed Theresa May's chief of staff". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- ^ Walker, Peter (24 July 2019). "Dominic Cummings of Vote Leave named key Johnson adviser". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- ^ Parveen, Nazia (23 May 2020). "Dominic Cummings profile: aide at centre of lockdown breach row". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
- ^ Morrison, Sean (13 December 2019). "Key players in Boris Johnson's election campaign". Evening Standard. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
- ^ Wickham, Alex (27 July 2019). "How Dominic Cummings Took Control In Boris Johnson's First Days As Prime Minister". BuzzFeed. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
- ^ Black, Derek (14 November 2020). "The Prime Minister has asked Edward Lister to be Acting Chief of Staff". World Stock Market. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
- ^ Walker, Peter; Stewart, Heather. "Boris Johnson appoints Dan Rosenfield as No 10 chief of staff". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
- ^ Morales, Alex; Donaldson, Kitty; Ashton, Emily (4 February 2022). "Boris Johnson's Key Aides Quit, Leaving Premier on the Brink". Bloomberg. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ Rutter, Jill (8 February 2022). "How can Steve Barclay be No 10 chief of staff and remain a minister?". New Statesman. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ "New PM installs close allies in top cabinet jobs". Financial Times. 2022-09-06. Archived from the original on 2022-12-11. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
- ^ Payne, Sebastian. "Who's who in Team Sunak - new PM's core aides". FT. Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2022-12-11. Retrieved 29 October 2022.