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Dolní Marklovice

May 08, 2024

Dolní Markloviceⓘ (Polish: Marklowice Dolneⓘ) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It was a separate municipality but became administratively a part of Petrovice u Karviné in 1952. Petrůvka River flows through the village.

Dolní Marklovice
cadastral area in the Czech Republic, municipal part in Czechia
Dolní Marklovice
Coordinates: 49°53′30″N 18°34′00″E / 49.8917°N 18.5667°E / 49.8917; 18.5667
CountryCzech Republic
Area
[1]
 • Total4.935 km2 (1.905 sq mi)
Population
 (26 March 2021)[2]
 • Total1,476
 • Density300/km2 (770/sq mi)

Etymology edit

The name of the village is patronymic in origin, derived from the German personal name Mark(e)l (≤ Markwart), whereas the ending -(ow)ice/(ow)itz is typically Slavic.[3] The supplementary adjective Dolní (German: Nieder, Polish: Dolny) means Lower denoting its lower location in comparison to the sister settlement of Marklowice Górne (Czech: Horní Marklovice), in Poland.

History edit

The village of Marklovice/Marklowice was first mentioned in a Latin document of Diocese of Wrocław called Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis from around 1305 as item (in) Marklowitz debent esse triginta mansi.[4][5][6] It meant that the village was supposed to pay a tithe from 30 smaller lans. The creation of the village was a part of a larger settlement campaign taking place in the late 13th century on the territory of what would later be known as Upper Silesia.

Politically the village belonged initially to the Duchy of Cieszyn, formed in 1290 in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of Silesian Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg monarchy. It remained ruled by the Piast dynasty until 1653.

The village became a seat of a Catholic parish. First wooden church was built in 1360. It was mentioned in the register of Peter's Pence payment from 1447 among the 50 parishes of Cieszyn deanery as Merclowicz.[7] After the 1540s Protestant Reformation prevailed in the Duchy of Cieszyn and a local Catholic church consecrated to Saint Nicholas was taken over by Lutherans. It was taken from them (as one from around fifty buildings) in the region by a special commission and given back to the Roman Catholic Church on 14 April 1654.[8]

Differentiation of two parts of the village began in the 15th century.[3] More distinctly they were split in the 17th century. After the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire, a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The two municipalities were subscribed at least since 1880 to political district and legal district of Freistadt. They were joined again at the end of the 19th century.

According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the combined population of the two villages grew from 1,1941 in 1880 to 1,512 in 1910. The majority were Polish-speaking (between 98% and 99.6%), accompanied by German-speaking minority (at most 18 or 1.6% in 1880) and Czech-speaking people (at most 11 or 1% in 1890). In terms of religion, in 1910 the majority were Roman Catholics (98.4%), followed by Protestants (13 or 0.9%) and Jews (11 or 0.7%).[9] The villages were also traditionally inhabited by Silesian Lachs, speaking Cieszyn Silesian dialect.

After World War I, the fall of Austria-Hungary, the Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, it was divided between these two countries, and Dolní Marklovice became a part of Czechoslovakia. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938 together with the Zaolzie region it was annexed by Poland, administratively organised in Frysztat County of Silesian Voivodeship.[10] Marklowice Górne stayed in the separate powiat of Cieszyn. The villages was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. In 1942–1945, the Germans operated an internment camp in the village.[11] After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.

Church edit

The most important landmark of the village is a wooden Ascension of the Lord Church. It was built in 1739 of larch wood and consecrated to the Ascension of the Lord, as opposed to the earlier patron. There is a Mother of God painting from 1860 in the church. It was painted by Polish painter and publicist Edward Świerkiewicz. Church is under permanent conservationist supervision and systematically conserved. There is a cemetery surrounding the church. The landmark had been depicted in the works of many artists like Franciszek Świder, Rudolf Żebrok and Tadeusz Wratny.

People edit

See also edit

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See the documentation for details.
  2. ^ Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See the documentation for details.
  3. ^ a b Mrózek, Robert (1984). Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego [Local names of former Cieszyn Silesia] (in Polish). Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach. pp. 52–53, 246. ISSN 0208-6336.
  4. ^ Panic, Idzi (2010). Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) [Cieszyn Silesia in Middle Ages (until 1528)] (in Polish). Cieszyn: Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie. pp. 297–299. ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5.
  5. ^ Schulte, Wilhelm (1889). "Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae T.14 Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis". Pan Biblioteka Kórnicka (in German). Breslau.
  6. ^ "Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis" (in Latin). Retrieved 13 July 2014.
  7. ^ . Zeitschrift des Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens (in German). 27. Breslau: H. Markgraf: 361–372. 1893. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
  8. ^ Broda, Jan (1992). "Materiały do dziejów Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim i Państwie Pszczyńskim w XVI i XVII wieku". Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim (in Polish). Katowice: Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski „Didache“. pp. 259–260. ISBN 83-85572-00-7.
  9. ^ Piątkowski, Kazimierz (1918). Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem (in Polish). Cieszyn: Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego. pp. 273, 290.
  10. ^ "Ustawa z dnia 27 października 1938 r. o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Śląska Cieszyńskiego". Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich (in Polish). nr 18/1938, poz. 35. Katowice. 31 October 1938. Retrieved 1 July 2014. {{cite journal}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
  11. ^ "Internierungslager Nieder-Marklowitz". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 2 December 2023.

References edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dolní Marklovice.
  • Londzin, Józef (1932). . Cieszyn: Dziedzictwo błog. Jana Sarkandra. pp. 186–191. OCLC 297540848. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
  • Owczarzy, Władysław (January 2008). "Marklowicki kościółek". Zwrot: 20–21.
  • Zahradnik, Stanisław (1991). Struktura narodowościowa Zaolzia na podstawie spisów ludności 1880-1991. Trzyniec: HT. OCLC 189422554.
  • (in Czech) History of Marklovice

May 08, 2024
dolní, marklovice, polish, marklowice, dolne, village, karviná, district, moravian, silesian, region, czech, republic, separate, municipality, became, administratively, part, petrovice, karviné, 1952, petrůvka, river, flows, through, village, cadastral, area, . Dolni Marklovice Polish Marklowice Dolne is a village in Karvina District Moravian Silesian Region Czech Republic It was a separate municipality but became administratively a part of Petrovice u Karvine in 1952 Petruvka River flows through the village Dolni Marklovicecadastral area in the Czech Republic municipal part in CzechiaDolni MarkloviceCoordinates 49 53 30 N 18 34 00 E 49 8917 N 18 5667 E 49 8917 18 5667CountryCzech RepublicArea 1 Total4 935 km2 1 905 sq mi Population 26 March 2021 2 Total1 476 Density300 km2 770 sq mi Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Church 4 People 5 See also 6 Footnotes 7 ReferencesEtymology editThe name of the village is patronymic in origin derived from the German personal name Mark e l Markwart whereas the ending ow ice ow itz is typically Slavic 3 The supplementary adjective Dolni German Nieder Polish Dolny means Lower denoting its lower location in comparison to the sister settlement of Marklowice Gorne Czech Horni Marklovice in Poland History editThe village of Marklovice Marklowice was first mentioned in a Latin document of Diocese of Wroclaw called Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis from around 1305 as item in Marklowitz debent esse triginta mansi 4 5 6 It meant that the village was supposed to pay a tithe from 30 smaller lans The creation of the village was a part of a larger settlement campaign taking place in the late 13th century on the territory of what would later be known as Upper Silesia Politically the village belonged initially to the Duchy of Cieszyn formed in 1290 in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of Silesian Piast dynasty In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia which after 1526 became part of the Habsburg monarchy It remained ruled by the Piast dynasty until 1653 The village became a seat of a Catholic parish First wooden church was built in 1360 It was mentioned in the register of Peter s Pence payment from 1447 among the 50 parishes of Cieszyn deanery as Merclowicz 7 After the 1540s Protestant Reformation prevailed in the Duchy of Cieszyn and a local Catholic church consecrated to Saint Nicholas was taken over by Lutherans It was taken from them as one from around fifty buildings in the region by a special commission and given back to the Roman Catholic Church on 14 April 1654 8 Differentiation of two parts of the village began in the 15th century 3 More distinctly they were split in the 17th century After the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire a modern municipal division was introduced in the re established Austrian Silesia The two municipalities were subscribed at least since 1880 to political district and legal district of Freistadt They were joined again at the end of the 19th century According to the censuses conducted in 1880 1890 1900 and 1910 the combined population of the two villages grew from 1 1941 in 1880 to 1 512 in 1910 The majority were Polish speaking between 98 and 99 6 accompanied by German speaking minority at most 18 or 1 6 in 1880 and Czech speaking people at most 11 or 1 in 1890 In terms of religion in 1910 the majority were Roman Catholics 98 4 followed by Protestants 13 or 0 9 and Jews 11 or 0 7 9 The villages were also traditionally inhabited by Silesian Lachs speaking Cieszyn Silesian dialect After World War I the fall of Austria Hungary the Polish Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920 it was divided between these two countries and Dolni Marklovice became a part of Czechoslovakia Following the Munich Agreement in October 1938 together with the Zaolzie region it was annexed by Poland administratively organised in Frysztat County of Silesian Voivodeship 10 Marklowice Gorne stayed in the separate powiat of Cieszyn The villages was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II In 1942 1945 the Germans operated an internment camp in the village 11 After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia Church editThe most important landmark of the village is a wooden Ascension of the Lord Church It was built in 1739 of larch wood and consecrated to the Ascension of the Lord as opposed to the earlier patron There is a Mother of God painting from 1860 in the church It was painted by Polish painter and publicist Edward Swierkiewicz Church is under permanent conservationist supervision and systematically conserved There is a cemetery surrounding the church The landmark had been depicted in the works of many artists like Franciszek Swider Rudolf Zebrok and Tadeusz Wratny People editRudolf Paszek Polish teacher and politicianSee also editPolish minority in the Czech Republic ZaolzieFootnotes edit Error Unable to display the reference properly See the documentation for details Error Unable to display the reference properly See the documentation for details a b Mrozek Robert 1984 Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Slaska Cieszynskiego Local names of former Cieszyn Silesia in Polish Katowice Uniwersytet Slaski w Katowicach pp 52 53 246 ISSN 0208 6336 Panic Idzi 2010 Slask Cieszynski w sredniowieczu do 1528 Cieszyn Silesia in Middle Ages until 1528 in Polish Cieszyn Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie pp 297 299 ISBN 978 83 926929 3 5 Schulte Wilhelm 1889 Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae T 14 Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis Pan Biblioteka Kornicka in German Breslau Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis in Latin Retrieved 13 July 2014 Registrum denarii sancti Petri in archidiaconatu Opoliensi sub anno domini MCCCCXLVII per dominum Nicolaum Wolff decretorum doctorem archidiaconum Opoliensem ex commissione reverendi in Christo patris ac domini Conradi episcopi Wratislaviensis sedis apostolice collectoris collecti Zeitschrift des Vereins fur Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens in German 27 Breslau H Markgraf 361 372 1893 Archived from the original on 21 September 2013 Retrieved 21 July 2014 Broda Jan 1992 Materialy do dziejow Kosciola ewangelickiego w Ksiestwie Cieszynskim i Panstwie Pszczynskim w XVI i XVII wieku Z historii Kosciola ewangelickiego na Slasku Cieszynskim in Polish Katowice Dom Wydawniczy i Ksiegarski Didache pp 259 260 ISBN 83 85572 00 7 Piatkowski Kazimierz 1918 Stosunki narodowosciowe w Ksiestwie Cieszynskiem in Polish Cieszyn Macierz Szkolna Ksiestwa Cieszynskiego pp 273 290 Ustawa z dnia 27 pazdziernika 1938 r o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Slaska Cieszynskiego Dziennik Ustaw Slaskich in Polish nr 18 1938 poz 35 Katowice 31 October 1938 Retrieved 1 July 2014 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a volume has extra text help Internierungslager Nieder Marklowitz Bundesarchiv de in German Retrieved 2 December 2023 References edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dolni Marklovice Londzin Jozef 1932 Koscioly drewniane na Slasku Cieszynskim Cieszyn Dziedzictwo blog Jana Sarkandra pp 186 191 OCLC 297540848 Archived from the original on 2011 07 18 Retrieved 2010 01 22 Owczarzy Wladyslaw January 2008 Marklowicki kosciolek Zwrot 20 21 Zahradnik Stanislaw 1991 Struktura narodowosciowa Zaolzia na podstawie spisow ludnosci 1880 1991 Trzyniec HT OCLC 189422554 in Czech History of Marklovice Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dolni Marklovice amp oldid 1204209713, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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