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Divertimento for String Trio (Mozart)

February 15, 2024

The Divertimento in E♭ major, K. 563, is a string trio, written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1788, the year in which he completed his last three symphonies (nos. 39–41) and his "Coronation" Piano Concerto. It is his last divertimento and different from his other divertimenti not only in its instrumentation but also in its compositorial ambition and scope.[1][2]

The work was completed in Vienna on September 27, 1788, and is dedicated to Michael von Puchberg, a friend and fellow Freemason, who lent money to Mozart.[1] The premiere was in Dresden on April 13, 1789, with Anton Teyber taking the violin part, Mozart playing viola and Antonín Kraft playing cello.[3] At the time Mozart was conducting a tour of German cities, on his way to Berlin (see Mozart's Berlin journey).

Movements edit

The work is in six movements:

  1. Allegro (E♭ major, sonata form, 4
    4    )
  2. Adagio (A♭ major, sonata form, 3
    4    )
  3. Menuetto (Allegretto) – Trio (E♭ major, ternary form, 3
    4    )
  4. Andante (B♭ major, theme and 7 variations "intertwined", 2
    4    ) The first 8 measures are the first phrase of the theme; the next 8 are first phrase of Variation 1; mm. 17–32 give the conclusion of the theme; and mm. 33–48 the conclusion of Variation 1. This pattern of treating the Variations in pairs continues with Variations 2 and 3 in mm. 49–96 and Variations 4 and 5 in mm. 97–144. The 6th variation, in B♭ minor, is contrapuntal and chromatic, and the 7th returns us triumphantly to B♭ major, with the skeleton of the theme in the viola. This last variation melts seamlessly into a very brief coda which concludes the movement.
  5. Menuetto (Allegretto) – Trio I – Trio II (E♭ major, rondo form, with the first trio in A♭ major and the second trio in B♭ major, 3
    4    )
  6. Allegro (E♭ major, sonata rondo form, 6
    8    )

Recorded performances of the Divertimento range from 41 to 50 minutes.

Critical reception edit

As Alfred Einstein writes in Mozart: His Character, His Work (and as excerpted in the notes to a Kennedy Center performance), Mozart's only completed string trio shares with most divertimenti this six-movement format, but from that no lightness of tone should be understood – rather, "it is a true chamber-music work, and grew to such large proportions only because it was intended to offer ... something special in the way of art, invention, and good spirits. ... Each instrument is primus inter pares, every note is significant, every note is a contribution to spiritual and sensuous fulfilment in sound." Einstein called it "one of his noblest works".[2]

Early performances of the work, however, were greeted with less enthusiasm. Tully Potter, in his notes to a recording, reports that when the Philharmonic String Trio of London performed the work in 1936, "that pompous old Wagnerian Ernest Newman reported that "the work is over-long, and some of it mere music-spinning of the conventional eighteenth-century type". He did, however, concede that "the Adagio is an impressive piece of work".[4]. However, Potter also reports that when members of the Busch Quartet performed it in Basel in 1931, the painter Alfred Heinrich Pellegrini was so impressed that he made a painting of the performance.

Mozart's Divertimento in E♭ major is "one of a kind," according to the notes to an Emerson Quartet performance. [5] However, it is not the first work written for string trio; for example Wenzel Pichl published six trios for violin, viola and cello written at least five years earlier. [6]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Richard Freed. (program note). Kennedy Center. Archived from the original on 30 September 2019.
  2. ^ a b Einstein, Alfred (1962). Mozart: His Character, His Work. Translated by Arthur Mendel; Nathan Broder. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 139. ISBN 0-19-500732-8. OCLC 511324.
  3. ^ Berger, Melvin (2001). Guide to Chamber Music (3rd, corrected ed.). Mineola, New York: Dover. pp. 310–312. ISBN 9780486418797.
  4. ^ Potter, Tully (2014). Notes accompanying "Mozart: Duos for Violin and Viola, Divertimento in E Flat K563". Decca 480 704.
  5. ^ of the Emerson String Quartet by Peter Laki
  6. ^ "6 String Trios (Pichl, Vaclav) - IMSLP". imslp.org. Retrieved 2023-12-10.

External links edit

February 15, 2024
divertimento, string, trio, mozart, divertimento, major, string, trio, written, wolfgang, amadeus, mozart, 1788, year, which, completed, last, three, symphonies, coronation, piano, concerto, last, divertimento, different, from, other, divertimenti, only, instr. The Divertimento in E major K 563 is a string trio written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1788 the year in which he completed his last three symphonies nos 39 41 and his Coronation Piano Concerto It is his last divertimento and different from his other divertimenti not only in its instrumentation but also in its compositorial ambition and scope 1 2 The work was completed in Vienna on September 27 1788 and is dedicated to Michael von Puchberg a friend and fellow Freemason who lent money to Mozart 1 The premiere was in Dresden on April 13 1789 with Anton Teyber taking the violin part Mozart playing viola and Antonin Kraft playing cello 3 At the time Mozart was conducting a tour of German cities on his way to Berlin see Mozart s Berlin journey Contents 1 Movements 2 Critical reception 3 References 4 External linksMovements editThe work is in six movements Allegro E major sonata form 44 Adagio A major sonata form 34 Menuetto Allegretto Trio E major ternary form 34 Andante B major theme and 7 variations intertwined 24 The first 8 measures are the first phrase of the theme the next 8 are first phrase of Variation 1 mm 17 32 give the conclusion of the theme and mm 33 48 the conclusion of Variation 1 This pattern of treating the Variations in pairs continues with Variations 2 and 3 in mm 49 96 and Variations 4 and 5 in mm 97 144 The 6th variation in B minor is contrapuntal and chromatic and the 7th returns us triumphantly to B major with the skeleton of the theme in the viola This last variation melts seamlessly into a very brief coda which concludes the movement Menuetto Allegretto Trio I Trio II E major rondo form with the first trio in A major and the second trio in B major 34 Allegro E major sonata rondo form 68 Recorded performances of the Divertimento range from 41 to 50 minutes Critical reception editAs Alfred Einstein writes in Mozart His Character His Work and as excerpted in the notes to a Kennedy Center performance Mozart s only completed string trio shares with most divertimenti this six movement format but from that no lightness of tone should be understood rather it is a true chamber music work and grew to such large proportions only because it was intended to offer something special in the way of art invention and good spirits Each instrument is primus inter pares every note is significant every note is a contribution to spiritual and sensuous fulfilment in sound Einstein called it one of his noblest works 2 Early performances of the work however were greeted with less enthusiasm Tully Potter in his notes to a recording reports that when the Philharmonic String Trio of London performed the work in 1936 that pompous old Wagnerian Ernest Newman reported that the work is over long and some of it mere music spinning of the conventional eighteenth century type He did however concede that the Adagio is an impressive piece of work 4 However Potter also reports that when members of the Busch Quartet performed it in Basel in 1931 the painter Alfred Heinrich Pellegrini was so impressed that he made a painting of the performance Mozart s Divertimento in E major is one of a kind according to the notes to an Emerson Quartet performance 5 However it is not the first work written for string trio for example Wenzel Pichl published six trios for violin viola and cello written at least five years earlier 6 References edit a b Richard Freed Divertimento in E flat major for String Trio K 563 About the Work program note Kennedy Center Archived from the original on 30 September 2019 a b Einstein Alfred 1962 Mozart His Character His Work Translated by Arthur Mendel Nathan Broder New York Oxford University Press p 139 ISBN 0 19 500732 8 OCLC 511324 Berger Melvin 2001 Guide to Chamber Music 3rd corrected ed Mineola New York Dover pp 310 312 ISBN 9780486418797 Potter Tully 2014 Notes accompanying Mozart Duos for Violin and Viola Divertimento in E Flat K563 Decca 480 704 Notes to a concert of the Emerson String Quartet by Peter Laki 6 String Trios Pichl Vaclav IMSLP imslp org Retrieved 2023 12 10 External links editDivertimento for String Trio K 563 Artaria edition ca 1792 at the Bavarian State Library Divertimento Streichtrio in Es fur Violine Viola und Violoncello KV 563 Score and critical report in German in the Neue Mozart Ausgabe Divertimento in E flat major K 563 Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Mozart Divertimento for string trio E flat major K 563 on YouTube performed by members of the Takeuchi String Quartet Portal nbsp Classical music Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Divertimento for String Trio Mozart amp oldid 1189361967, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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