Disperse dye

Disperse dye is a category of synthetic dye intended for polyester and related hydrophobic fibers. Disperse dyes are polar molecules containing anthraquinone or azo groups. It is estimated that 85% of disperse dyes are azos or anthraquinone dyes.^[1][2]

History

The history of disperse dye production is closely related to the synthesis of cellulose acetate fibres. Disperse dyes were invented in 1923-24.^[3]

Fundamentals of dyeing

Disperse dyes are non-ionic in nature and partially soluble in water. The interaction of dye molecule and polymer takes place with Van der Waals and dipole forces.^[4] Disperse dyes have better diffusion at boiling to a higher temperature.^[5]

Examples

• Disperse Blue dyes, especially 106 and 124, are common causes of contact allergy.^[6]
• Disperse Orange 1 is an azo dye.
• Disperse Red 9 is a red dye derived from anthraquinone.
• Disperse Red 11, also called C.I. 62015 and 1,4-diamino-2-methoxy anthraquinone, is another anthraquinone dye.
• Disperse Red 60 is also an anthraquinone dye.
• Disperse Yellow 26 is a yellow disperse dye.
• Disperse Yellow 42 is prepared by the reaction of two equivalents of aniline with 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride.

References

1. "Dyeing Polyester with Disperse Dye".
2. Hamprecht, Rainer; Westerkamp, Aloys (2000). "Disperse Dyes". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a08_565. ISBN 978-3527306732.
3. Clark, M. (2011-10-25). Handbook of Textile and Industrial Dyeing: Principles, Processes and Types of Dyes. Elsevier. p. 366. ISBN 978-0-85709-397-4.
4. "Disperse Dye - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2020-12-28.
5. Lewin, Menachem; Pearce, Eli M. (1998-02-26). Handbook of Fiber Chemistry, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded. CRC Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-8247-9471-2.
6. Malinauskiene, Laura; Bruze, Magnus; Ryberg, Kristina; Zimerson, Erik; Isaksson, Marléne (February 2013). "Contact allergy from disperse dyes in textiles: a review". Contact Dermatitis. 68 (2): 65–75. doi:10.1111/cod.12001. ISSN 1600-0536. PMID 23289879.