fbpx
Wikipedia

Digital Quran

January 01, 1970

The digital Quran is a text of the Qur'an processed or distributed as an electronic text, or more specifically to an electronic device dedicated to displaying the text of the Qur'an and playing digital recordings of Qur'an readings.

History edit

Qur'anic software on CD-ROM has been developed since the early 1990s.[1] Online texts began to be hosted by Islamic websites from the 2000s.[2] Such a device has first been marketed in Indonesia beginning in [when?].[3] These devices were capable of audio playback of recorded recitations of the Qur'an with synchronized on-screen Arabic text. It allowed basic navigation of the Quran with the ability for the user to select a specific surah (chapter) and ayah (verse).[4] Translations of the Quran to other languages were also included, sometimes synchronized with the original Arabic recitations. The products were mass-produced in China at an affordable price; however this was achieved at the sacrifice of expenditure on research and development. Subsequent models introduced color screens.[year needed] Since the availability of more powerful mobile devices such as smartphones, focus has shifted on the production of Quranic software for such devices rather than dedicated "digital Quran" devices.[5]

Usage edit

There is debate surrounding to what degree a digital form of the Qur'an should be treated like a hard copy in terms of etiquette when reciting from it. For example, should the practices of wudu, qibla, or brushing one's teeth with a miswak be observed while reading from a digital Qur'an.[6]

Commenters speculated about how the special barakah or contagion heuristic associated with the Qur'an translates to electronic texts.[7] Other observers noted that this way of thinking is foreign to the devices users, who adopt western digital technology unthinkingly.[8] Myrvold (2010) summarizes the debate on how Qur'anic etexts and the devices holding them should be handled, citing a fatwa issued by the "Ask Imam" website to the effect that ritual purity should only be regarded in connection with such a device during the time Qur'anic text is actually being displayed.[9] Mohammed Zakariah has come to the conclusion that it is because of the digital Qur'an that Islam has been able to spread and diversify among cultures. This has led to the expansion of Islam among people of faith, scholars who are now able to study the book and scientists that see new opportunity arise.[10] Thomas Hoffmann also discusses in his book on new information and technologies that it is because of these new and creative ways of simplifying the Qur'an that the world sees a new wave of "lay" users rather than experts and self proclaimed experts in the field.[11] Another Journal by Engku Alwi went to college campuses to see how the new form of technology, phone and tablet applications were seen by over 200 muslim students. This concluded that it was well received and even had good effects on recitation and memorization but that a large percentage were worried or confused o the rules of recitation when using the device.[12]

As a digital Muṣḥaf edit

A digital Qur'ān serves as a digital Muṣḥaf, and faces unique challenges because of it. The critical challenges to produce a flawless digital Muṣḥaf are correct encoding, correct computer typography, and facsimile rendering on all browsers, operating systems and devices.

1. Correct encoding is hampered by constraints imposed by the Unicode Standard. For instance, only recently the extra characters were encoded to represent the so-called open tanwīn. Correct encoding is also hampered by the fact that input methods, i.e., keyboard layouts for Arabic, are based on modern everyday orthography, which differs from Qur'ān orthography in many respects: there are more characters used in the Qur'ān and some characters are different in terms of Unicode, such as yā' with or without dots in final position.

2. Correct computer typography is hampered by mechanisms that are lacking because the industry is not aware that they are needed. In particular the category of "amphibious characters", characters that can occur as both main letters and as diacritics depending on context, cannot be handled by conventional font layout engines. Last but not least, correct computer typography should reproduce Islamic script as accurately as possible. Unfortunately, Arabic typography has a bias to adapt or reduce itself to constraints of Western technology that was not designed to handle Arabic at all. This circumstance adds an obvious complication to the task of producing a flawless digital Qur'ān.

3. Facsimile rendering on all devices is de facto impossible with conventional computer typography, because it depends on proprietary operating systems, proprietary font layout engines and often inaccurate and incomplete Arabic typefaces.

The first digital Muṣḥaf that takes all these considerations into account is the Omani digital Muṣḥaf: www.mushafmuscat.om, which is described in this webcast by the Bibliotheca Alexandrina in Egypt. [13]

Recitation edit

Since the first digital versions of the Qur'an, more digital resources relating to the Qur'an and Islam have emerged as well. One can find videos containing Tajweed (recitation) on sites to equip them in learning recitation. This can be helpful because both beginner and professional resources can be found and used as tools in learning the practice of Tajweed.[14] If the digital content and context of what these followers are using is trustworthy, then listening to Tajweed[15] online can help to provide "spiritual merit" to them. The art of Tajweed is very important in Muslim culture and if followers choose to use these online resources to explore this art, then it can enhance their prayer lives. Through the use of digital resources, a follower of Islam is given the ability to learn even if their life circumstances (work, location, health, etc.) limit them from being able to physically go somewhere to learn about the Qur'an and Islam.[16]

Issues edit

An issue emerging alongside the growing usage of digital copies of the Qur'an is confirming the authenticity of digital copies.[17] Given that the Qur'an has been maintained in its original, unedited state for fourteen centuries, maintaining this originality against tampering is of the utmost importance for digital Qur'anic content.[18] While hard copies of the Qur'an are meticulously examined to assure accuracy before they are made available for sale, many digital copies that are available for free on the internet are not subjected to same degree of scrutiny.[17] Among online copies of the Qur'an, inaccuracies and tampering that have been found went gone largely unnoticed by readers of the website.[19] Because of this, there are many proposed methods to rectify the issue of authenticity and establish a method to verify the integrity of digital Qur'anic content.[18] One controversial method of verifying and displaying that a piece of digital Qur'anic content is authentic is the usage of digital watermarks on verified digital images of the Qur'an, which some argue is a form of modifying the Qur'an as well.[20] Other proposed methods of ensuring authenticity include cryptography, steganography, and usage of digital signatures.[18] Digital copies of the Qur'an can be found in many different styles of Arabic and in each style the diacritics (symbols or punctuation in Arabic writing) differ. Diacritics being misplaced or altered does not affect everyone's ability to get the correct meaning out of this text, but it does affect non-Arabic speakers' ability. One method used to try to prevent the meaning of the Qur'an from being misconstrued is the use of the Qur'an Quote Algorithm. This algorithm allows people to take a verse and search the true meaning of it by out the diacritics which could be interpreted incorrectly by non-Arabic speakers and evaluates just the words.[21]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Al-Quran Al-Kareem on CD-ROM software is developed by Mirco Systems International, a company based in Champaign, Illinois, U.S.A. This program is the original Quran on CD software. Micro Systems has been continually improving features and other aspects of the program since 1990, making it the best multimedia tool for learning the Quran today."
  2. ^ had a transliteration of the Arabic text alongside GIF graphics of the text in Arabic script online in 2000. had an electronic text online in 2004. hosted the Yusuf Ali English translation, adding the Arabic text . and had the Arabic text online from 2006. followed in 2007 using Adobe Flash to show animations of turning pages.
  3. ^ Indonesians tune in to digital Koran Reuters SEPTEMBER 21, 2007; introduced in [when?] by the Korean company; Penman Corporation
  4. ^ [1] Example of Digital Qur'an for Smartphones
  5. ^ Living the Information Society in Asia; Erwin Alampay
  6. ^ Alwi, Engku Ahmad Zaki Engku; Anas, Norazmi; Ibrahim, Mohd. Syahril; Dahan, Ahmad Fadhir Mat; Yaacob, Zuriani (2014-07-11). "Digital Quran Applications on Smart Phones and Tablets: A Study of the Foundation Programme Students". Asian Social Science. 10 (15). doi:10.5539/ass.v10n15p212. ISSN 1911-2025.
  7. ^ "there may be a place on a separate portion of a believer's hard drive, apart from other forms of content of a nonreligious nature, for a digital Qur'an" Gary R. Bunt, iMuslims, 2009, p.87
  8. ^ "But this perception is a 'western' one and not that of the Arab reader, to whom modern technology is something strange and foreign, technological containers which can be imported and used without any analysis of their actual content (Example: Digital Koran)." The Almost Complete Lack of the Element of "Futureness" Heise Online
  9. ^ Kristina Myrvold, The Death of Sacred Texts: Ritual Disposal and Renovation of Texts in World Religions, 2010, p. 47, citing a 2008 fatqa at "askimam.com" phrased "Do You Have to Have Wudu When Handling a Digital Quran?"
  10. ^ Zakariah, Mohammed; Khan, Muhammad Khurram; Tayan, Omar; Salah, Khaled (August 2017). "Digital Quran Computing: Review, Classification, and Trend Analysis". Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 42 (8): 3077–3102. doi:10.1007/s13369-017-2415-4. S2CID 63594225. ProQuest 1919663740.
  11. ^ Hoffmann, Thomas (2013). Muslims and the New Information and Communication Technologies Notes from an Emerging and Infinite Field. Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands : Imprint: Springer. ISBN 978-94-007-7247-2.
  12. ^ ProQuest 1551172691[full citation needed]
  13. ^ http://webcast.bibalex.org/Cast/Details.aspx?ID=11438
  14. ^ Bunt, Gary (2018). Hashtag Islam. The University of North Carolina Press: The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 39–40. ISBN 9781469643151.
  15. ^ "learn Quran with tajweed online". BeinQuran. Retrieved 2022-03-23.
  16. ^ Bunt, Gary (2018). Hashtag Islam. The University of North Carolina Press: The University of North Carolina Press. p. 36. ISBN 9781469643168.
  17. ^ a b Zakariah, Mohammed; Khan, Muhammad Khurram; Tayan, Omar; Salah, Khaled (August 2017). "Digital Quran Computing: Review, Classification, and Trend Analysis". Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 42 (8): 3077–3102. doi:10.1007/s13369-017-2415-4. ISSN 2193-567X. S2CID 63594225.
  18. ^ a b c Hakak, Saqib; Kamsin, Amirrudin; Tayan, Omar; Idna Idris, Mohd. Yamani; Gani, Abdullah; Zerdoumi, Saber (2017). "Preserving Content Integrity of Digital Holy Quran: Survey and Open Challenges". IEEE Access. 5: 7305–7325. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2682109. ISSN 2169-3536.
  19. ^ Kurniawan, Fajri; Khalil, Mohammed S.; Khan, Muhammad Khurram; Alginahi, Yasser M. (December 2013). "Exploiting Digital Watermarking to Preserve Integrity of the Digital Holy Quran Images". 2013 Taibah University International Conference on Advances in Information Technology for the Holy Quran and Its Sciences. Madinah, Saudi Arabia: IEEE. pp. 30–36. doi:10.1109/NOORIC.2013.18. ISBN 9781479928231. S2CID 13993235.
  20. ^ Kamaruddin, Nurul Shamimi; Kamsin, Amirrudin; Hakak, Saqib (2017). "Associated diacritical watermarking approach to protect sensitive arabic digital texts". American Institute of Physics Conference Series. AIP Conference Proceedings. 1891 (1). Kedah, Malaysia: 020074. Bibcode:2017AIPC.1891b0074K. doi:10.1063/1.5005407.
  21. ^ Abukhir, Khir Zuhaili; Idris, Mohd Yamani Idna; Tayan, Omar; Palaiahnakote, Shivakumara; Kamsin, Amirrudin; Hakak, Saqib (2018-06-20). "Residual-based approach for authenticating pattern of multi-style diacritical Arabic texts". PLOS ONE. 13 (6): e0198284. Bibcode:2018PLoSO..1398284H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198284. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6010264. PMID 29924810.

January 01, 1970
digital, quran, digital, quran, text, processed, distributed, electronic, text, more, specifically, electronic, device, dedicated, displaying, text, playing, digital, recordings, readings, contents, history, usage, digital, muṣḥaf, recitation, issues, also, re. The digital Quran is a text of the Qur an processed or distributed as an electronic text or more specifically to an electronic device dedicated to displaying the text of the Qur an and playing digital recordings of Qur an readings Contents 1 History 2 Usage 3 As a digital Muṣḥaf 4 Recitation 5 Issues 6 See also 7 ReferencesHistory editQur anic software on CD ROM has been developed since the early 1990s 1 Online texts began to be hosted by Islamic websites from the 2000s 2 Such a device has first been marketed in Indonesia beginning in when 3 These devices were capable of audio playback of recorded recitations of the Qur an with synchronized on screen Arabic text It allowed basic navigation of the Quran with the ability for the user to select a specific surah chapter and ayah verse 4 Translations of the Quran to other languages were also included sometimes synchronized with the original Arabic recitations The products were mass produced in China at an affordable price however this was achieved at the sacrifice of expenditure on research and development Subsequent models introduced color screens year needed Since the availability of more powerful mobile devices such as smartphones focus has shifted on the production of Quranic software for such devices rather than dedicated digital Quran devices 5 Usage editThere is debate surrounding to what degree a digital form of the Qur an should be treated like a hard copy in terms of etiquette when reciting from it For example should the practices of wudu qibla or brushing one s teeth with a miswak be observed while reading from a digital Qur an 6 Commenters speculated about how the special barakah or contagion heuristic associated with the Qur an translates to electronic texts 7 Other observers noted that this way of thinking is foreign to the devices users who adopt western digital technology unthinkingly 8 Myrvold 2010 summarizes the debate on how Qur anic etexts and the devices holding them should be handled citing a fatwa issued by the Ask Imam website to the effect that ritual purity should only be regarded in connection with such a device during the time Qur anic text is actually being displayed 9 Mohammed Zakariah has come to the conclusion that it is because of the digital Qur an that Islam has been able to spread and diversify among cultures This has led to the expansion of Islam among people of faith scholars who are now able to study the book and scientists that see new opportunity arise 10 Thomas Hoffmann also discusses in his book on new information and technologies that it is because of these new and creative ways of simplifying the Qur an that the world sees a new wave of lay users rather than experts and self proclaimed experts in the field 11 Another Journal by Engku Alwi went to college campuses to see how the new form of technology phone and tablet applications were seen by over 200 muslim students This concluded that it was well received and even had good effects on recitation and memorization but that a large percentage were worried or confused o the rules of recitation when using the device 12 As a digital Muṣḥaf editA digital Qur an serves as a digital Muṣḥaf and faces unique challenges because of it The critical challenges to produce a flawless digital Muṣḥaf are correct encoding correct computer typography and facsimile rendering on all browsers operating systems and devices 1 Correct encoding is hampered by constraints imposed by the Unicode Standard For instance only recently the extra characters were encoded to represent the so called open tanwin Correct encoding is also hampered by the fact that input methods i e keyboard layouts for Arabic are based on modern everyday orthography which differs from Qur an orthography in many respects there are more characters used in the Qur an and some characters are different in terms of Unicode such as ya with or without dots in final position 2 Correct computer typography is hampered by mechanisms that are lacking because the industry is not aware that they are needed In particular the category of amphibious characters characters that can occur as both main letters and as diacritics depending on context cannot be handled by conventional font layout engines Last but not least correct computer typography should reproduce Islamic script as accurately as possible Unfortunately Arabic typography has a bias to adapt or reduce itself to constraints of Western technology that was not designed to handle Arabic at all This circumstance adds an obvious complication to the task of producing a flawless digital Qur an 3 Facsimile rendering on all devices is de facto impossible with conventional computer typography because it depends on proprietary operating systems proprietary font layout engines and often inaccurate and incomplete Arabic typefaces The first digital Muṣḥaf that takes all these considerations into account is the Omani digital Muṣḥaf www mushafmuscat om which is described in this webcast by the Bibliotheca Alexandrina in Egypt 13 Recitation editSince the first digital versions of the Qur an more digital resources relating to the Qur an and Islam have emerged as well One can find videos containing Tajweed recitation on sites to equip them in learning recitation This can be helpful because both beginner and professional resources can be found and used as tools in learning the practice of Tajweed 14 If the digital content and context of what these followers are using is trustworthy then listening to Tajweed 15 online can help to provide spiritual merit to them The art of Tajweed is very important in Muslim culture and if followers choose to use these online resources to explore this art then it can enhance their prayer lives Through the use of digital resources a follower of Islam is given the ability to learn even if their life circumstances work location health etc limit them from being able to physically go somewhere to learn about the Qur an and Islam 16 Issues editAn issue emerging alongside the growing usage of digital copies of the Qur an is confirming the authenticity of digital copies 17 Given that the Qur an has been maintained in its original unedited state for fourteen centuries maintaining this originality against tampering is of the utmost importance for digital Qur anic content 18 While hard copies of the Qur an are meticulously examined to assure accuracy before they are made available for sale many digital copies that are available for free on the internet are not subjected to same degree of scrutiny 17 Among online copies of the Qur an inaccuracies and tampering that have been found went gone largely unnoticed by readers of the website 19 Because of this there are many proposed methods to rectify the issue of authenticity and establish a method to verify the integrity of digital Qur anic content 18 One controversial method of verifying and displaying that a piece of digital Qur anic content is authentic is the usage of digital watermarks on verified digital images of the Qur an which some argue is a form of modifying the Qur an as well 20 Other proposed methods of ensuring authenticity include cryptography steganography and usage of digital signatures 18 Digital copies of the Qur an can be found in many different styles of Arabic and in each style the diacritics symbols or punctuation in Arabic writing differ Diacritics being misplaced or altered does not affect everyone s ability to get the correct meaning out of this text but it does affect non Arabic speakers ability One method used to try to prevent the meaning of the Qur an from being misconstrued is the use of the Qur an Quote Algorithm This algorithm allows people to take a verse and search the true meaning of it by out the diacritics which could be interpreted incorrectly by non Arabic speakers and evaluates just the words 21 See also editIslam and modernity Islam360References edit quran com October 1996 Al Quran Al Kareem on CD ROM software is developed by Mirco Systems International a company based in Champaign Illinois U S A This program is the original Quran on CD software Micro Systems has been continually improving features and other aspects of the program since 1990 making it the best multimedia tool for learning the Quran today muttaqun com had a transliteration of the Arabic text alongside GIF graphics of the text in Arabic script online in 2000 searchtruth com had an electronic text online in 2004 quran com 2007 hosted the Yusuf Ali English translation adding the Arabic text in 2008 qurany net and quranexplorer com had the Arabic text online from 2006 quranflash com followed in 2007 using Adobe Flash to show animations of turning pages Indonesians tune in to digital Koran Reuters SEPTEMBER 21 2007 introduced in when by the Korean company Penman Corporation 1 Example of Digital Qur an for Smartphones Living the Information Society in Asia Erwin Alampay Alwi Engku Ahmad Zaki Engku Anas Norazmi Ibrahim Mohd Syahril Dahan Ahmad Fadhir Mat Yaacob Zuriani 2014 07 11 Digital Quran Applications on Smart Phones and Tablets A Study of the Foundation Programme Students Asian Social Science 10 15 doi 10 5539 ass v10n15p212 ISSN 1911 2025 there may be a place on a separate portion of a believer s hard drive apart from other forms of content of a nonreligious nature for a digital Qur an Gary R Bunt iMuslims 2009 p 87 But this perception is a western one and not that of the Arab reader to whom modern technology is something strange and foreign technological containers which can be imported and used without any analysis of their actual content Example Digital Koran The Almost Complete Lack of the Element of Futureness Heise Online Kristina Myrvold The Death of Sacred Texts Ritual Disposal and Renovation of Texts in World Religions 2010 p 47 citing a 2008 fatqa at askimam com phrased Do You Have to Have Wudu When Handling a Digital Quran Zakariah Mohammed Khan Muhammad Khurram Tayan Omar Salah Khaled August 2017 Digital Quran Computing Review Classification and Trend Analysis Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 42 8 3077 3102 doi 10 1007 s13369 017 2415 4 S2CID 63594225 ProQuest 1919663740 Hoffmann Thomas 2013 Muslims and the New Information and Communication Technologies Notes from an Emerging and Infinite Field Springer Netherlands Dordrecht Springer Netherlands Imprint Springer ISBN 978 94 007 7247 2 ProQuest 1551172691 full citation needed http webcast bibalex org Cast Details aspx ID 11438 Bunt Gary 2018 Hashtag Islam The University of North Carolina Press The University of North Carolina Press pp 39 40 ISBN 9781469643151 learn Quran with tajweed online BeinQuran Retrieved 2022 03 23 Bunt Gary 2018 Hashtag Islam The University of North Carolina Press The University of North Carolina Press p 36 ISBN 9781469643168 a b Zakariah Mohammed Khan Muhammad Khurram Tayan Omar Salah Khaled August 2017 Digital Quran Computing Review Classification and Trend Analysis Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 42 8 3077 3102 doi 10 1007 s13369 017 2415 4 ISSN 2193 567X S2CID 63594225 a b c Hakak Saqib Kamsin Amirrudin Tayan Omar Idna Idris Mohd Yamani Gani Abdullah Zerdoumi Saber 2017 Preserving Content Integrity of Digital Holy Quran Survey and Open Challenges IEEE Access 5 7305 7325 doi 10 1109 ACCESS 2017 2682109 ISSN 2169 3536 Kurniawan Fajri Khalil Mohammed S Khan Muhammad Khurram Alginahi Yasser M December 2013 Exploiting Digital Watermarking to Preserve Integrity of the Digital Holy Quran Images 2013 Taibah University International Conference on Advances in Information Technology for the Holy Quran and Its Sciences Madinah Saudi Arabia IEEE pp 30 36 doi 10 1109 NOORIC 2013 18 ISBN 9781479928231 S2CID 13993235 Kamaruddin Nurul Shamimi Kamsin Amirrudin Hakak Saqib 2017 Associated diacritical watermarking approach to protect sensitive arabic digital texts American Institute of Physics Conference Series AIP Conference Proceedings 1891 1 Kedah Malaysia 020074 Bibcode 2017AIPC 1891b0074K doi 10 1063 1 5005407 Abukhir Khir Zuhaili Idris Mohd Yamani Idna Tayan Omar Palaiahnakote Shivakumara Kamsin Amirrudin Hakak Saqib 2018 06 20 Residual based approach for authenticating pattern of multi style diacritical Arabic texts PLOS ONE 13 6 e0198284 Bibcode 2018PLoSO 1398284H doi 10 1371 journal pone 0198284 ISSN 1932 6203 PMC 6010264 PMID 29924810 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Digital Quran amp oldid 1197810854, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.