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Diffusible signal factor

April 13, 2024

Diffusible signal factor (DSF) is found in several gram-negative bacteria and play a role in the formation of biofilms, motility, virulence, and antibiotic resistance.[1] Xanthomonas campestris was the first bacteria known to have DSF.[1] The synthesis of the DSF can be seen in rpfF and rpfB enzymes.[2] An understanding of the DSF signaling mechanism could lead to further disease control.[3]

Function edit

Diffusible signal factor has been found to contribute to four major biological functions within certain species of bacteria. It is important in regulation of motility, virulence factor, antibiotic resistance, and most importantly biofilm formation.[1] Bacteria are capable of forming a polymicrobial community in which they share resources and protect themselves from harm, this is known as a biofilm. Bacteria use diffusible signal factor to tell interspecies around them that a biofilm is beginning to form and begin synthesizing virulence factors.[4] Diffusible signal factor uses quorum sensing to share information between interspecies as well as inter-kingdom species. Such example of inter-kingdom species are found when P. aeruginosa uses DSF to disperse its own biofilm as well as other species, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and the yeast Candida albicans. [5]

It is also found that DSF makes different species have a higher virulence when it is shared. This is found when Burkholderia cenocepacia and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia's diffusible signal factor is received by Pseudomonas aeruginosa which makes the bacteria more resistant to antibiotics in cystic fibrous airways.[4] However, not all diffusible signal factors interaction are beneficial to bacteria. When gram positive bacteria, such as Bacillus species, receives diffusible signal factor from gram positive bacteria this can stop the endospore vegetation transition and cause the bacteria to die. Shared diffusible signal factor can also cause other species to become susceptible to antibiotics.[6]

DSFs are a cis-unsaturated fatty acid. DSFs can also function through genes by activating or repressing gene expression in target cells. When a diffusible signaling factor binds to its receptor it can initiate a signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the activation of transcription factors. In X. campestris pv. campestris, which are found in xanthomonads, genes regulating enzyme syntheses was first discovered and used to further identify the functions of RpfF, RpfC, and RpfG.[7] These factors can then promote or inhibit the expression of specific genes, depending on the nature of the signaling pathway and the cellular context.

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Deng, Yinyue; Lim, Amy; Lee, Jasmine; Chen, Shaohua; An, Shuwen; Dong, Yi-Hu; Zhang, Lian-Hui (2014-02-27). "Diffusible signal factor (DSF) quorum sensing signal and structurally related molecules enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of antibiotics against some bacterial pathogens". BMC Microbiology. 14: 51. doi:10.1186/1471-2180-14-51. ISSN 1471-2180. PMC 3941561. PMID 24575808.
  2. ^ Feng, Yu-Mei; Long, Zhou-Qing; Xiang, Hong-Mei; Ran, Jun-Ning; Zhou, Xiang; Yang, Song (2023-01-15). "Research on Diffusible Signal Factor-Mediated Quorum Sensing in Xanthomonas: A Mini-Review". Molecules. 28 (2): 876. doi:10.3390/molecules28020876. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 9864630. PMID 36677934.
  3. ^ Ryan, Robert P.; Dow, J. Maxwell (2011-03-01). "Communication with a growing family: diffusible signal factor (DSF) signaling in bacteria". Trends in Microbiology. 19 (3): 145–152. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2010.12.003. ISSN 0966-842X. PMID 21227698.
  4. ^ a b Ryan, Robert P.; Fouhy, Yvonne; Garcia, Belen Fernandez; Watt, Steven A.; Niehaus, Karsten; Yang, Liang; Tolker-Nielsen, Tim; Dow, J. Maxwell (April 2008). "Interspecies signalling via the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia diffusible signal factor influences biofilm formation and polymyxin tolerance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa". Molecular Microbiology. 68 (1): 75–86. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06132.x. ISSN 0950-382X. PMID 18312265. S2CID 26725907.
  5. ^ Davies, David G.; Marques, Cláudia N. H. (March 2009). "A Fatty Acid Messenger Is Responsible for Inducing Dispersion in Microbial Biofilms". Journal of Bacteriology. 191 (5): 1393–1403. doi:10.1128/JB.01214-08. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 2648214. PMID 19074399.
  6. ^ Moir, A.; Corfe, B. M.; Behravan, J. (March 2002). "Spore germination". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 59 (3): 403–409. doi:10.1007/s00018-002-8432-8. ISSN 1420-682X. PMID 11964118. S2CID 20085913.
  7. ^ Guo, Yinping; Zhang, Yanping; Li, Jian-Liang; Wang, Nian (2012). "Diffusible Signal Factor-Mediated Quorum Sensing Plays a Central Role in Coordinating Gene Expression of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 25 (2): 165–179. doi:10.1094/mpmi-07-11-0184. PMID 21995764. Retrieved 2023-02-18.

April 13, 2024
diffusible, signal, factor, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, article, lead, section, need, rewritten, reason, given, intro, vague, says, where, found, wh. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages The article s lead section may need to be rewritten The reason given is The intro is too vague It says where it is found but not what it is Please help improve the lead and read the lead layout guide May 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article may be too technical for most readers to understand Please help improve it to make it understandable to non experts without removing the technical details May 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Diffusible signal factor DSF is found in several gram negative bacteria and play a role in the formation of biofilms motility virulence and antibiotic resistance 1 Xanthomonas campestris was the first bacteria known to have DSF 1 The synthesis of the DSF can be seen in rpfF and rpfB enzymes 2 An understanding of the DSF signaling mechanism could lead to further disease control 3 Function editDiffusible signal factor has been found to contribute to four major biological functions within certain species of bacteria It is important in regulation of motility virulence factor antibiotic resistance and most importantly biofilm formation 1 Bacteria are capable of forming a polymicrobial community in which they share resources and protect themselves from harm this is known as a biofilm Bacteria use diffusible signal factor to tell interspecies around them that a biofilm is beginning to form and begin synthesizing virulence factors 4 Diffusible signal factor uses quorum sensing to share information between interspecies as well as inter kingdom species Such example of inter kingdom species are found when P aeruginosa uses DSF to disperse its own biofilm as well as other species such as Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Proteus mirabilis Streptococcus pyogenes Bacillus subtilis Staphylococcus aureus and the yeast Candida albicans 5 It is also found that DSF makes different species have a higher virulence when it is shared This is found when Burkholderia cenocepacia and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia s diffusible signal factor is received by Pseudomonas aeruginosa which makes the bacteria more resistant to antibiotics in cystic fibrous airways 4 However not all diffusible signal factors interaction are beneficial to bacteria When gram positive bacteria such as Bacillus species receives diffusible signal factor from gram positive bacteria this can stop the endospore vegetation transition and cause the bacteria to die Shared diffusible signal factor can also cause other species to become susceptible to antibiotics 6 DSFs are a cis unsaturated fatty acid DSFs can also function through genes by activating or repressing gene expression in target cells When a diffusible signaling factor binds to its receptor it can initiate a signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the activation of transcription factors In X campestris pv campestris which are found in xanthomonads genes regulating enzyme syntheses was first discovered and used to further identify the functions of RpfF RpfC and RpfG 7 These factors can then promote or inhibit the expression of specific genes depending on the nature of the signaling pathway and the cellular context References edit a b c Deng Yinyue Lim Amy Lee Jasmine Chen Shaohua An Shuwen Dong Yi Hu Zhang Lian Hui 2014 02 27 Diffusible signal factor DSF quorum sensing signal and structurally related molecules enhance the antimicrobial efficacy of antibiotics against some bacterial pathogens BMC Microbiology 14 51 doi 10 1186 1471 2180 14 51 ISSN 1471 2180 PMC 3941561 PMID 24575808 Feng Yu Mei Long Zhou Qing Xiang Hong Mei Ran Jun Ning Zhou Xiang Yang Song 2023 01 15 Research on Diffusible Signal Factor Mediated Quorum Sensing in Xanthomonas A Mini Review Molecules 28 2 876 doi 10 3390 molecules28020876 ISSN 1420 3049 PMC 9864630 PMID 36677934 Ryan Robert P Dow J Maxwell 2011 03 01 Communication with a growing family diffusible signal factor DSF signaling in bacteria Trends in Microbiology 19 3 145 152 doi 10 1016 j tim 2010 12 003 ISSN 0966 842X PMID 21227698 a b Ryan Robert P Fouhy Yvonne Garcia Belen Fernandez Watt Steven A Niehaus Karsten Yang Liang Tolker Nielsen Tim Dow J Maxwell April 2008 Interspecies signalling via the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia diffusible signal factor influences biofilm formation and polymyxin tolerance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Molecular Microbiology 68 1 75 86 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2958 2008 06132 x ISSN 0950 382X PMID 18312265 S2CID 26725907 Davies David G Marques Claudia N H March 2009 A Fatty Acid Messenger Is Responsible for Inducing Dispersion in Microbial Biofilms Journal of Bacteriology 191 5 1393 1403 doi 10 1128 JB 01214 08 ISSN 0021 9193 PMC 2648214 PMID 19074399 Moir A Corfe B M Behravan J March 2002 Spore germination Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 59 3 403 409 doi 10 1007 s00018 002 8432 8 ISSN 1420 682X PMID 11964118 S2CID 20085913 Guo Yinping Zhang Yanping Li Jian Liang Wang Nian 2012 Diffusible Signal Factor Mediated Quorum Sensing Plays a Central Role in Coordinating Gene Expression of Xanthomonas citri subsp citri Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions 25 2 165 179 doi 10 1094 mpmi 07 11 0184 PMID 21995764 Retrieved 2023 02 18 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Diffusible signal factor amp oldid 1188190765, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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