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Wikipedia

Iława

October 25, 2023

For the village of the same name, see Iława, Opole Voivodeship.

Iława (Polish: [iˈwava] ⓘ; German: Deutsch Eylau [dɔʏtʃ ˈʔaɪlaʊ] ⓘ) is a town in northern Poland with 32,276 inhabitants (2010). It is the capital of Iława County in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.

Iława
View of Iława from Mały Jeziorak Lake with the Church of the Transfiguration on the left
Flag
Coat of arms
Iława
Iława
Coordinates: 53°35′47″N 19°33′56″E / 53.59639°N 19.56556°E / 53.59639; 19.56556
Country Poland
VoivodeshipWarmian-Masurian
CountyIława County
GminaIława (urban gmina)
Established1305
Town rights1305
Government
 • MayorDawid Kopaczewski
Area
 • Total21.88 km2 (8.45 sq mi)
Highest elevation
150 m (490 ft)
Lowest elevation
100 m (300 ft)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total32,276
 • Density1,500/km2 (3,800/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
14-200 to 14-210
Area code+48 89
Car platesNIL
National roads
Voivodeship roads
Websitehttp://www.ilawa.pl

The town is located in the Iławskie Lake District, on the longest lake in Poland - Jeziorak.[1] It is located in the area of historical Pomesania. The rivers Iławka and Tynwałd flow through Iława. Within the town's administrative area there is the largest inland island in Poland - Wielka Żuława, which has a permanent ferry connection with the town. The town is located in the area of the Green Lungs of Poland - an area characterized by clean air and diversity of the natural system. From the west and north, Iława is surrounded by the Iława Lake District Landscape Park. Iława is a holiday, paralympic and tourist resort. In the forest just outside Iława there are two Polish Television holiday resorts (Sarnówek and Tłokowisko)[2] to which journalists come for a holiday. From Iława you can reach the Baltic Sea through Jeziorak Lake and the historic, unique in the world Elbląg Canal.

At Lake Silm, one of the world's several training centres for skippers and port pilots, they learn to manoeuvre seagoing ships on miniaturised models. The town is called the summer capital of traditional jazz because of the oldest festival of this music genre in Europe - Old Jazz Meeting "Złota Tarka". In Iława there is the Pope's Calvary of the Iława Lake District, whose canoe-shaped Stations of the Cross refer to and commemorate Karol Wojtyła's two visits to Jeziorak, after which the future Pope was kayaking with young people. Iława lies on the Road of St. James (one of the most important Christian pilgrimage routes in the world) which leads to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostella in Spain.

Natural conditions Edit

According to the data of January 1, 2009, the area of the city is 21. 88 km²,[3] placing the city on the third position in the province. The town is also the fifth largest in the Warmia and Mazury region and the fifth in the population.

Iława and its surroundings lie on undulating moraine and sandstone areas, distinguished by varied forms of sculpture. Within the city, on Lake Jeziorak (the longest lake in Poland and the sixth largest) is the island of Wielka Żuława with relics of an Old Prussian town. In the vicinity of the city, in the sand terrain, there are lakes, mainly gutter lakes, surrounded by significant forest complexes. In Iława itself, apart from the mentioned Jeziorak, there are a dozen or so smaller lakes (i.e. Little Jeziorak, Iławskie, Dół). The lakes and rivers of the Iławskie Lake land form, together with the Elbląg Canal, a wide system of inland navigation, connecting the surrounding water bodies. This channel makes it possible to reach the Baltic Sea from Iława.

History Edit

 
Gothic Church of the Transfiguration

The city existed originally as an Old Prussian settlement and was recorded by Teutonic Knights in Prussia in 1305. It is documented in a manuscript by Luther von Braunschweig in 1317 and its first names are known as Ylavia, Ylaw, and Ilow.[4] It was located on the Iławka River between Lakes Jeziorak and Iławskie. The town was under the jurisdiction of the komtur of Christburg (Dzierzgoń) and since 1340 under Osterode (Ostróda).

At the start of the Thirteen Years’ War (1454–1466) in February 1454, Iława sided with the Prussian Confederation, at the request of which King Casimir IV Jagiellon signed the act of incorporation of the region to Poland.[5][6] In April 1454 the town pledged allegiance to the Polish King. After Poland's loss at the Battle of Chojnice, in November 1454 it was taken over by the Teutonic Knights,[5] who handed over its defence to Czech mercenaries. In 1457, the unpaid Czech mercenaries sold the town to Poland. After the peace treaty signed in Toruń in 1466 the town was a part of Poland as a fief.[5][7] In 1520 Polish King Sigismund I the Old granted Iława the right to collect tolls on the bridge over Jeziorak.

In 1525 the town became part of the Duchy of Prussia, a vassal state of the Polish Crown,[5] and in 1701 it became part of the Kingdom of Prussia. Administered within the new province of West Prussia in 1773, it became part of the German Empire in 1871. During the Seven Years' War, the town was occupied by Russia between 1758 and 1762. In October-December 1831, several Polish infantry units of the November Uprising stopped in the town on the way to their internment places.[8]

In 1862 the Elbląg Canal was built between Elbing (Elbląg) and Eylau by engineer Georg Steenke, which enabled the inland town to transport bulk of lumber, farm products, and other goods north to Elbing and the Baltic Sea. This was superseded ten years later by rail transport, when the Thorn (Toruń)-Insterburg (Chernyakhovsk) railway line was constructed.

 
Town view from the Jeziorak Lake in the early 20th century

According to the German census of 1910, the town had a population of 10,087, of which 9,566 (94.8%) were Germans and 380 (3.8%) were Poles.[9][10] After Poland regained its independence in 1918, the East Prussian plebiscite of 1920 allowed the residents to cast votes either in favor of remaining in Germany or becoming a part of Poland. The vote took place amid persecution of Polish activists by the German side.[11] Ultimately the town voted to remain in Germany by 4,746 to 235 votes. It became part of Regierungsbezirk West Prussia in the Province of East Prussia.

During World War II, the Germans operated a penal subcamp of the prison in Sztum.[12] Its prisoners were mostly Poles, and many either died of hunger or cold, or were executed.[12] There was also a forced labour camp for some 1,200 people,[12] and Poles were also enslaved as forced labour in the town's vicinity.[13] The Polish resistance movement was active and one of the region's main smuggling points for underground Polish press was located in the area.[14] Towards the end of the war, most population left the town, and the Soviet Army destroyed approximately 85% of the town.[15] After World War II, the town became again part of Poland in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement. The historic Polish name Iława was adopted to replace the Germanized name.

Toponyms Edit

The name Iława is thought to originate from the ancient Prussian word ilis, meaning black. The related Baltic-Slavic word ilo or ilu means the black colour but also mud. The name might refer to the swampy area where the city lies, or to the dark water of the lake Jeziorak.[15]

The oldest written form of the name Iława is Latin Ylavia. This form appeared on a location document from 1317. Later documents of 1333 and 1334 mention Ylav, while the variety Ylau is mentioned in 1338. In the fifteenth century, the form Ylow and Ylow Thethonicalis appeared. In the years 1430 and 1438, the documents issued by the Dzierzgon command post spoke of Deutschen Ylaw. In the years 1443, 1457 and 1458 the town was named Ylau, and in 1456 it took the form of Ilau, then in 1459 it was changed to Eylaw. The name Deutze Eylau is used in 1457 and its other form Dwetsch Eylau in 1468. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, the names Teutschen Eylau, Deutscheneylau and Theuto Ilavia appear. In the 18th century, the Deutsch Eylau form was adopted, valid until 1933. On 1 January 1934 the name was changed to Stadt Deutsch Eylau (Stadt - en. The town), and since 1945 the Polish name of the town is Iława, which was officially approved on 7 May 1946.[16]

Symbols of the town Edit

 
Coat of arms of Iława

On the coat of arms of Iława there is the figure of the Mother of God with the Child in her arms, who sits on the throne at the city gate. The coat of arms of Iława was amended by the resolution of the City Council of May 28, 1998.[17]

Iława's city bugle-call was approved by the resolution of the City Council of August 29, 1996. It is played every day at 12.00 on the trumpet from the town hall tower. It was composed in 1995 by Henryk Majewski - a well-known jazz musician, one of the organizers of the Złota Tarka festival held annually in Iława.[17]

 
Notes of the bugle-call

The flag of Iława was approved by a resolution of the City Council of April 24, 1997. It depicts the coat of arms of Iława and ten alternately arranged wavy stripes in white and blue, which symbolize waves of Jeziorak lake.[17]

 
Flag of Iława

Neighbourhoods in Iława Edit

  • Stare Miasto
  • Centrum
  • Ostródzkie
  • Piastowskie
  • Młodych
  • Kormoran
  • Lipowy Dwór
  • Gajerek
  • Podleśne
  • XXX-lecia
  • Dzielnica Przemysłowa
  • Lubawskie
  • Kopernika
  • Nowy Świat
  • Słoneczne
  • Marina Iława
  • Wojska Polskiego
  • Sobieskiego

Demography Edit

Data as of 30 June 2009:[18]

 
Age pyramid of Iława inhabitants
Description In total Woman Man
Unit people % people % people %
Population 32 349 100 16 975 52,2 15 516 47,8
Population density

[inhabitant/km²]

1485 775,8 709,1

According to the data of 30 June 2008 the city had 33 775 inhabitants.

Economy and industry Edit

In Iława County there is the second lowest unemployment rate in Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship (5. 8%) just after Olsztyn County (5. 1%) - data as of the end of August 2016. Iława is a subzone of the Warmia and Mazury Special Economic Zone.[19]

Culture Edit

Cultural life Edit

The town holiday is June 11, commemorating the location of Ilawa in 1305.[20] Most of the cultural events in the city are under the patronage of the Iława Culture Centre. At the ICK there is the "Pasja"; cinema, where DKF "Kadr"; operates. There is the Municipal Public Library[21] in Iława, as well as the District Pedagogical Library, which is a part of the District Centre for Education Development[22] in Iława, and a branch of the Warmia and Mazury Pedagogical Library of Iława. The Karol Wojtyła Foundation in Elbląg. There are several art galleries in the city.[23]

Festivals Edit

  • Open Air MayDay Lead Festival [24]
  • International Traditional Jazz Festival "Złota Tarka"; (oldest traditional jazz festival in Europe) [25]
  • Summer Theatrical Impressions [24]
  • Jeziorak Szanty[26]
  • International Festival of Classical Music "Viva Musica"[24]
  • Fama Rock Festival[27]
  • Hip-hop and rap music festival - Park Jam[28]
  • Soundlake Festival

Museums Edit

  • Sailing Memorial Chamber[23]
  • Museum of Automation and Military Affairs[29]
  • Museum of Graphic Arts "Mon petit Louvre";[30]

Local media Edit

Local press Edit

  • Kurier Iławski (weekly)
  • Gazeta Iławska, weekly supplement to Gazeta Olsztyńska (weekly)
  • Life of the Region (weekly)
  • Panorama of the Region (monthly)[31]
  • Iławski Poviat - Regional monthly magazine[32]
  • Charming - a newspaper for children and young people published by the Iława Lakeland and Dylewskie Hills Landscape Parks Complex, published three times a year[33]

Television Edit

  • Iława internet television ilawatv.pl

Radio Edit

Local websites Edit

  • ilawa.pl
  • ilawa.wm.pl
  • powiatilawski.pl
  • ilawa.naszemiasto.pl
  • infoilawa.pl
  • ilawa.dlawas.info

Iława in culture Edit

In 1974, the film Gniazdo directed by Jan Rybkowski was recorded on Wielka Żuława Island, telling the story of the first years of the Polish state.[34] The action of two adventures of "Pan Samochodzik"; - Nowe przygody Pana Samochodzika[35] and Pan Samochodzik i złota rękawica by Zbigniew Nienacki - took place in Iława and at Jeziorak. In November 1995. Volker Schlöndorff (author of, "Blaszany bębenek";) shot scenes for his film King Olch[36] with John Malkovich in the ruins of Szymbark Castle (8 km from Iława). In 1989, TVP recorded a documentary film Bloody Ilawa[37] about the Ilawa prison famous for its rebellion, pacification and self-mutilation, as well as for the beating of the interned in spring 1982.

Jewish cemetery Edit

The Jewish cemetery in Iława was established shortly after 1812 and covered an area of 0. 44 hectare.[38] It was devastated by the Nazis and then liquidated by the communist authorities between 1975 and 1976. The land and the remains of the people buried there were used to renovate the IKS Jeziorak stadium. Currently in its place there is an IKS Jeziorak training pitch.

Sports Edit

Iława is a centre of water sports. The city has many marinas, water equipment and bicycle rentals. The town has a sports stadium, a sportsand entertainment hall, a sports swimming pool (Sports and Recreation Centre), a bowling alley, a Pump track extreme cycling track, a skatepark, an indoor ice rink, a traffic town, 2 guarded beaches, 3 Orlik pitches, a motocross-bike and bicycle track, a forest shootingrange, a rowing track, a mini-golf course, and several gyms. On November 18, 1992 at the Municipal Stadium in Iława a friendly football match between Poland and Latvia took place.[39]

The Iława Sports Centre for Tourism and Recreation operates in Iława, which supports various sports sections. In the city there is a sports club Jeziorak Iława, consisting of several sections, among others football, handball, table tennis and taekwondo. Moreover, there are local clubs, institutions andassociations in Iława which bring together people who practice, amongothers martial arts, rowing, volleyball, tennis, athletics, swimming, shooting and cycling.[40]

There is a troop of the Polish Scouting Association in Iława. There aretwo multi-level teams, three teams of hikers (16–21 years old), oneteam of older scouts (13–16 years old), four teams of scouts (19-13years old) and four teams of chefs.[41]

Touristic trails Edit

Walk trails[42] Edit

  • Yellow Trail (28. 3 km): from Iława to Samborow along Lake Jeziorak
  • Blue Trail (26 km): from Iława through Sarnówek to Siemiany along Jeziorak Lake
  • Green Trail (41. 3 km): from Iława to Kamieniec
  • The Forest Teaching Trail "Jasne";
  • "Silm"; Forest Teaching Trail

Bike trails[43] Edit

Kayak trails[44] Edit

  • The Sir Charles Canoeing Trail. John Paul II - Ostróda - Miłomłyn - Siemiany - Gizerek - IŁAWA
  • The Old Apple Canoeing Trail - Miłomłyn - IŁAWA (length. 63,4 km) - Stare Jabłonki - J. Szeląg M. - J. Szeląg W. - J. Pauzeńskie - Ostróda - J. Drwęckie - K. Elbląski - Miłomłyn - K. Iławski - J.Jeziorak - Chmielówka - Makowo - Szałkowo - IŁAWA
  • Kayak Trail IŁAWA - Stare Jabłonki (length: 1. 5 km) (73,3 km) -IŁAWA - Iławka - Drwęca - J. Drwęckie - Ostróda - J. Pauzeńskie - J.Szeląg W. i M. - S. Jabłonki
  • Canoe trail IŁAWA - IŁAWA (length. 136. 7 km) - Reich. Iławka - Rz. Drwęca - J. Drwęckie - Ostróda - J. Szeląg Wielki - J. Szeląg M. - Stare
  • Jabłonki - K. Elbląski - Miłomłyn - K. Iławski - J. Dauby - J. Jeziorak - IŁAWA

Sail trails[44] Edit

  • Trail of Iława and Elbląg canal - IŁAWA - Makowo - Zatoka Kraga - Lake Dauby - Lake Karnickie - Miłomłyn - K. Elbląski - J. Drwęckie
  • Trail of Jeziorak and Płaskie Lake - IŁAWA - Siemiany - Jerzwałd
  • Trail of Lake Jeziorak and Ewingi - IŁAWA - Siemiany - Matyty - Dobrzyki - Zalewo
  • Trail of Iława and Elbląg canal - IŁAWA - Makowo - Zat. Kraga - K.Iławski - Miłomłyn - K. Elbląski

Notable residents Edit

Gallery Edit

  •  

    Iława town hall

  •  

    Former granary at Sobieskiego Street

  •  

    Iława Główna train station

  •  

    High school in Iława

  •  

    Jeziorak lake

  •  

    View from space

International relations Edit

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Twin towns — Sister cities Edit

Iława is twinned with:

References Edit

  1. ^ Jeziorak najdłuższe Jezioro w Polsce.
  2. ^ Tłokowisko Ośrodek Wypoczynkowy Telewizja Polska S.A. | Siemiany 2016-10-21 at the Wayback Machine.
  3. ^ . www.stat.gov.pl. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  4. ^ Czubiel, Lucjan; Domagała, Tadeusz (1969). "Żołnierze polscy w Prusach po upadku powstania listopadowego. Powroty do kraju i wyjazdy na emigrację". Zabytkowe ośrodki miejskie Warmii i Mazur (in Polish). Pojezierze. p. 149.
  5. ^ a b c d "Historia i legendy, Urząd Miasta Iławy - serwis miejski". Retrieved June 8, 2019.
  6. ^ Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. p. 54.
  7. ^ Górski, pp. 96–97, 214–215
  8. ^ Kasparek, Norbert (2014). "Żołnierze polscy w Prusach po upadku powstania listopadowego. Powroty do kraju i wyjazdy na emigrację". In Katafiasz, Tomasz (ed.). Na tułaczym szlaku... Powstańcy Listopadowi na Pomorzu (in Polish). Koszalin: Muzeum w Koszalinie, Archiwum Państwowe w Koszalinie. p. 138.
  9. ^ "Deutsch Eylau". www.meyersgaz.org. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  10. ^ "Willkommen bei Gemeindeverzeichnis.de". www.gemeindeverzeichnis.de. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  11. ^ BAZA ARTYKUŁÓW DOTYCZĄCYCH PLEBISCYTU NA WARMII, MAZURACH I POWIŚLU W 1920 ROKU 2016-07-05 at the Wayback Machine (PDF, 2.0 MB)
  12. ^ a b c "70. rocznica wybuchu II wojny światowej w województwie". portEl.pl (in Polish). September 2009. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
  13. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2017). Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945 (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 104. ISBN 978-83-8098-174-4.
  14. ^ Chrzanowski, Bogdan (2022). Polskie Państwo Podziemne na Pomorzu w latach 1939–1945 (in Polish). Gdańsk: IPN. p. 57. ISBN 978-83-8229-411-8.
  15. ^ a b Iława, miasto z błota
  16. ^ Zarządzenie Ministrów: Administracji Publicznej i Ziem Odzyskanych z dnia 7 maja 1946 r. (M.P. z 1946 r. Nr 44, poz. 85).
  17. ^ a b c "Urząd Miasta Iławy - Serwis miejski - Symbole miejskie". ilawa.pl. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  18. ^ "Bank Danych Regionalnych – Strona główna" (in Polish). GUS. Retrieved 2010-09-14.
  19. ^ http://ilawa.praca.gov.pl/documents/2398404/2410635/Stopa%20bezrobocia%20w%202016.pdf/24da74be-21dd-413a-a76b-654b1396a24c?t=1466669939797[bare URL PDF]
  20. ^ "Ilava culture centre".
  21. ^ "Miejska Biblioteka Publiczna w Iławie". biblioteka.ilawa.pl. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  22. ^ "Poradnia Psychologiczno-Pedagogiczna w Iławie". pcre.ilawa.pl. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  23. ^ a b "Atrakcje Iławy". it-ilawa.pl. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  24. ^ a b c "Imprezy w Iławie". WP abcZdrowie (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  25. ^ "Iława - W rytmie jazzu. Atrakcje turystyczne Iławy. Ciekawe miejsca Iławy". polskaniezwykla.pl. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  26. ^ "Jeziorak Szanty • Szantymaniak •". szantymaniak.pl. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  27. ^ "Tegoroczna Iławska Fama Rock Festiwal w nowej formule". ilawa.wm.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  28. ^ infoilawa.pl (in Polish) http://www.infoilawa.pl/aktualnosci/item/4799-druga-odslona-mlodziezowego-park-jam. Retrieved 2020-01-25. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  29. ^ "Iława. Powstaje muzeum wojskowości i motoryzacji z torem taktycznym [ZDJĘCIA]". infoilawa.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  30. ^ "Po kolejnym spotkaniu w sprawie iławskiego muzeum. Mamy pierwsze informacje o kosztach". infoilawa.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  31. ^ "Panorama Regionu". Encyklopedia Warmii i Mazur (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  32. ^ "Polska Prasa | Powiat iławski miesięcznik regionalny". polskaprasa.cba.pl. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  33. ^ . parkikrajobrazowewarmiimazur.pl. Archived from the original on 2020-02-06. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  34. ^ "Jak w Iławie "Gniazdo" kręcili - wystawa fotograficzna". mojemazury.pl. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  35. ^ "Nowe przygody Pana Samochodzika". Lubimyczytać.pl. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  36. ^ Król Olch / Der Unhold (in Polish), 11 July 2002, retrieved 2020-01-25
  37. ^ "FilmPolski.pl". FilmPolski (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  38. ^ Przemysław, Burchard. "Przemysław Burchard: Pamiątki i zabytki kultury żydowskiej w Polsce": 49. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  39. ^ "18.11.1992 - Iława - Polska 1:0 Łotwa - mecz towarzyski - Historia Polskiej Piłki Nożnej - hppn.pl..." hppn.pl. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  40. ^ Jaskuła, Patryk. "Mikołajkowe zawody piłkarskie_Aktywnie". Ośrodek (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  41. ^ (in Polish) http://ilawa.zhp.pl/. Retrieved 2020-01-25. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  42. ^ "Szlaki piesze". it-ilawa.pl. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  43. ^ "Aleje i szlaki rowerowe". it-ilawa.pl. Retrieved 2020-01-25.
  44. ^ a b "Pojezierze Iławskie.Szlaki.Makroregion półn.-wsch. Polski". pojezierzeilawskie.pl. Retrieved 2020-01-25.

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Iława.


October 25, 2023
iława, village, same, name, opole, voivodeship, polish, iˈwava, german, deutsch, eylau, dɔʏtʃ, ˈʔaɪlaʊ, town, northern, poland, with, inhabitants, 2010, capital, county, warmian, masurian, voivodeship, view, from, mały, jeziorak, lake, with, church, transfigur. For the village of the same name see Ilawa Opole Voivodeship Ilawa Polish iˈwava German Deutsch Eylau dɔʏtʃ ˈʔaɪlaʊ is a town in northern Poland with 32 276 inhabitants 2010 It is the capital of Ilawa County in the Warmian Masurian Voivodeship IlawaView of Ilawa from Maly Jeziorak Lake with the Church of the Transfiguration on the leftFlagCoat of armsIlawaShow map of PolandIlawaShow map of Warmian Masurian VoivodeshipCoordinates 53 35 47 N 19 33 56 E 53 59639 N 19 56556 E 53 59639 19 56556Country PolandVoivodeshipWarmian MasurianCountyIlawa CountyGminaIlawa urban gmina Established1305Town rights1305Government MayorDawid KopaczewskiArea Total21 88 km2 8 45 sq mi Highest elevation150 m 490 ft Lowest elevation100 m 300 ft Population 2010 Total32 276 Density1 500 km2 3 800 sq mi Time zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Postal code14 200 to 14 210Area code 48 89Car platesNILNational roadsVoivodeship roadsWebsitehttp www ilawa plThe town is located in the Ilawskie Lake District on the longest lake in Poland Jeziorak 1 It is located in the area of historical Pomesania The rivers Ilawka and Tynwald flow through Ilawa Within the town s administrative area there is the largest inland island in Poland Wielka Zulawa which has a permanent ferry connection with the town The town is located in the area of the Green Lungs of Poland an area characterized by clean air and diversity of the natural system From the west and north Ilawa is surrounded by the Ilawa Lake District Landscape Park Ilawa is a holiday paralympic and tourist resort In the forest just outside Ilawa there are two Polish Television holiday resorts Sarnowek and Tlokowisko 2 to which journalists come for a holiday From Ilawa you can reach the Baltic Sea through Jeziorak Lake and the historic unique in the world Elblag Canal At Lake Silm one of the world s several training centres for skippers and port pilots they learn to manoeuvre seagoing ships on miniaturised models The town is called the summer capital of traditional jazz because of the oldest festival of this music genre in Europe Old Jazz Meeting Zlota Tarka In Ilawa there is the Pope s Calvary of the Ilawa Lake District whose canoe shaped Stations of the Cross refer to and commemorate Karol Wojtyla s two visits to Jeziorak after which the future Pope was kayaking with young people Ilawa lies on the Road of St James one of the most important Christian pilgrimage routes in the world which leads to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostella in Spain Contents 1 Natural conditions 2 History 3 Toponyms 4 Symbols of the town 5 Neighbourhoods in Ilawa 6 Demography 7 Economy and industry 8 Culture 8 1 Cultural life 8 2 Festivals 8 3 Museums 8 4 Local media 8 4 1 Local press 8 4 2 Television 8 4 3 Radio 8 4 4 Local websites 8 5 Ilawa in culture 8 6 Jewish cemetery 9 Sports 10 Touristic trails 10 1 Walk trails 42 10 2 Bike trails 43 10 3 Kayak trails 44 10 4 Sail trails 44 11 Notable residents 12 Gallery 13 International relations 13 1 Twin towns Sister cities 14 References 15 External linksNatural conditions EditAccording to the data of January 1 2009 the area of the city is 21 88 km 3 placing the city on the third position in the province The town is also the fifth largest in the Warmia and Mazury region and the fifth in the population Ilawa and its surroundings lie on undulating moraine and sandstone areas distinguished by varied forms of sculpture Within the city on Lake Jeziorak the longest lake in Poland and the sixth largest is the island of Wielka Zulawa with relics of an Old Prussian town In the vicinity of the city in the sand terrain there are lakes mainly gutter lakes surrounded by significant forest complexes In Ilawa itself apart from the mentioned Jeziorak there are a dozen or so smaller lakes i e Little Jeziorak Ilawskie Dol The lakes and rivers of the Ilawskie Lake land form together with the Elblag Canal a wide system of inland navigation connecting the surrounding water bodies This channel makes it possible to reach the Baltic Sea from Ilawa History Edit nbsp Gothic Church of the TransfigurationThe city existed originally as an Old Prussian settlement and was recorded by Teutonic Knights in Prussia in 1305 It is documented in a manuscript by Luther von Braunschweig in 1317 and its first names are known as Ylavia Ylaw and Ilow 4 It was located on the Ilawka River between Lakes Jeziorak and Ilawskie The town was under the jurisdiction of the komtur of Christburg Dzierzgon and since 1340 under Osterode Ostroda At the start of the Thirteen Years War 1454 1466 in February 1454 Ilawa sided with the Prussian Confederation at the request of which King Casimir IV Jagiellon signed the act of incorporation of the region to Poland 5 6 In April 1454 the town pledged allegiance to the Polish King After Poland s loss at the Battle of Chojnice in November 1454 it was taken over by the Teutonic Knights 5 who handed over its defence to Czech mercenaries In 1457 the unpaid Czech mercenaries sold the town to Poland After the peace treaty signed in Torun in 1466 the town was a part of Poland as a fief 5 7 In 1520 Polish King Sigismund I the Old granted Ilawa the right to collect tolls on the bridge over Jeziorak In 1525 the town became part of the Duchy of Prussia a vassal state of the Polish Crown 5 and in 1701 it became part of the Kingdom of Prussia Administered within the new province of West Prussia in 1773 it became part of the German Empire in 1871 During the Seven Years War the town was occupied by Russia between 1758 and 1762 In October December 1831 several Polish infantry units of the November Uprising stopped in the town on the way to their internment places 8 In 1862 the Elblag Canal was built between Elbing Elblag and Eylau by engineer Georg Steenke which enabled the inland town to transport bulk of lumber farm products and other goods north to Elbing and the Baltic Sea This was superseded ten years later by rail transport when the Thorn Torun Insterburg Chernyakhovsk railway line was constructed nbsp Town view from the Jeziorak Lake in the early 20th centuryAccording to the German census of 1910 the town had a population of 10 087 of which 9 566 94 8 were Germans and 380 3 8 were Poles 9 10 After Poland regained its independence in 1918 the East Prussian plebiscite of 1920 allowed the residents to cast votes either in favor of remaining in Germany or becoming a part of Poland The vote took place amid persecution of Polish activists by the German side 11 Ultimately the town voted to remain in Germany by 4 746 to 235 votes It became part of Regierungsbezirk West Prussia in the Province of East Prussia During World War II the Germans operated a penal subcamp of the prison in Sztum 12 Its prisoners were mostly Poles and many either died of hunger or cold or were executed 12 There was also a forced labour camp for some 1 200 people 12 and Poles were also enslaved as forced labour in the town s vicinity 13 The Polish resistance movement was active and one of the region s main smuggling points for underground Polish press was located in the area 14 Towards the end of the war most population left the town and the Soviet Army destroyed approximately 85 of the town 15 After World War II the town became again part of Poland in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement The historic Polish name Ilawa was adopted to replace the Germanized name Toponyms EditThe name Ilawa is thought to originate from the ancient Prussian word ilis meaning black The related Baltic Slavic word ilo or ilu means the black colour but also mud The name might refer to the swampy area where the city lies or to the dark water of the lake Jeziorak 15 The oldest written form of the name Ilawa is Latin Ylavia This form appeared on a location document from 1317 Later documents of 1333 and 1334 mention Ylav while the variety Ylau is mentioned in 1338 In the fifteenth century the form Ylow and Ylow Thethonicalis appeared In the years 1430 and 1438 the documents issued by the Dzierzgon command post spoke of Deutschen Ylaw In the years 1443 1457 and 1458 the town was named Ylau and in 1456 it took the form of Ilau then in 1459 it was changed to Eylaw The name Deutze Eylau is used in 1457 and its other form Dwetsch Eylau in 1468 Between the 16th and 17th centuries the names Teutschen Eylau Deutscheneylau and Theuto Ilavia appear In the 18th century the Deutsch Eylau form was adopted valid until 1933 On 1 January 1934 the name was changed to Stadt Deutsch Eylau Stadt en The town and since 1945 the Polish name of the town is Ilawa which was officially approved on 7 May 1946 16 Symbols of the town Edit nbsp Coat of arms of IlawaOn the coat of arms of Ilawa there is the figure of the Mother of God with the Child in her arms who sits on the throne at the city gate The coat of arms of Ilawa was amended by the resolution of the City Council of May 28 1998 17 Ilawa s city bugle call was approved by the resolution of the City Council of August 29 1996 It is played every day at 12 00 on the trumpet from the town hall tower It was composed in 1995 by Henryk Majewski a well known jazz musician one of the organizers of the Zlota Tarka festival held annually in Ilawa 17 nbsp Notes of the bugle callThe flag of Ilawa was approved by a resolution of the City Council of April 24 1997 It depicts the coat of arms of Ilawa and ten alternately arranged wavy stripes in white and blue which symbolize waves of Jeziorak lake 17 nbsp Flag of IlawaNeighbourhoods in Ilawa EditStare Miasto Centrum Ostrodzkie Piastowskie Mlodych Kormoran Lipowy Dwor Gajerek Podlesne XXX lecia Dzielnica Przemyslowa Lubawskie Kopernika Nowy Swiat Sloneczne Marina Ilawa Wojska Polskiego SobieskiegoDemography EditData as of 30 June 2009 18 nbsp Age pyramid of Ilawa inhabitantsDescription In total Woman ManUnit people people people Population 32 349 100 16 975 52 2 15 516 47 8Population density inhabitant km 1485 775 8 709 1According to the data of 30 June 2008 the city had 33 775 inhabitants Economy and industry EditIn Ilawa County there is the second lowest unemployment rate in Warminsko Mazurskie Voivodeship 5 8 just after Olsztyn County 5 1 data as of the end of August 2016 Ilawa is a subzone of the Warmia and Mazury Special Economic Zone 19 Culture EditCultural life Edit The town holiday is June 11 commemorating the location of Ilawa in 1305 20 Most of the cultural events in the city are under the patronage of the Ilawa Culture Centre At the ICK there is the Pasja cinema where DKF Kadr operates There is the Municipal Public Library 21 in Ilawa as well as the District Pedagogical Library which is a part of the District Centre for Education Development 22 in Ilawa and a branch of the Warmia and Mazury Pedagogical Library of Ilawa The Karol Wojtyla Foundation in Elblag There are several art galleries in the city 23 Festivals Edit Open Air MayDay Lead Festival 24 International Traditional Jazz Festival Zlota Tarka oldest traditional jazz festival in Europe 25 Summer Theatrical Impressions 24 Jeziorak Szanty 26 International Festival of Classical Music Viva Musica 24 Fama Rock Festival 27 Hip hop and rap music festival Park Jam 28 Soundlake FestivalMuseums Edit Sailing Memorial Chamber 23 Museum of Automation and Military Affairs 29 Museum of Graphic Arts Mon petit Louvre 30 Local media Edit Local press Edit Kurier Ilawski weekly Gazeta Ilawska weekly supplement to Gazeta Olsztynska weekly Life of the Region weekly Panorama of the Region monthly 31 Ilawski Poviat Regional monthly magazine 32 Charming a newspaper for children and young people published by the Ilawa Lakeland and Dylewskie Hills Landscape Parks Complex published three times a year 33 Television Edit Ilawa internet television ilawatv plRadio Edit Radio Eska Ilawa MeloradioLocal websites Edit ilawa pl ilawa wm pl powiatilawski pl ilawa naszemiasto pl infoilawa pl ilawa dlawas infoIlawa in culture Edit In 1974 the film Gniazdo directed by Jan Rybkowski was recorded on Wielka Zulawa Island telling the story of the first years of the Polish state 34 The action of two adventures of Pan Samochodzik Nowe przygody Pana Samochodzika 35 and Pan Samochodzik i zlota rekawica by Zbigniew Nienacki took place in Ilawa and at Jeziorak In November 1995 Volker Schlondorff author of Blaszany bebenek shot scenes for his film King Olch 36 with John Malkovich in the ruins of Szymbark Castle 8 km from Ilawa In 1989 TVP recorded a documentary film Bloody Ilawa 37 about the Ilawa prison famous for its rebellion pacification and self mutilation as well as for the beating of the interned in spring 1982 Jewish cemetery Edit The Jewish cemetery in Ilawa was established shortly after 1812 and covered an area of 0 44 hectare 38 It was devastated by the Nazis and then liquidated by the communist authorities between 1975 and 1976 The land and the remains of the people buried there were used to renovate the IKS Jeziorak stadium Currently in its place there is an IKS Jeziorak training pitch Sports EditIlawa is a centre of water sports The city has many marinas water equipment and bicycle rentals The town has a sports stadium a sportsand entertainment hall a sports swimming pool Sports and Recreation Centre a bowling alley a Pump track extreme cycling track a skatepark an indoor ice rink a traffic town 2 guarded beaches 3 Orlik pitches a motocross bike and bicycle track a forest shootingrange a rowing track a mini golf course and several gyms On November 18 1992 at the Municipal Stadium in Ilawa a friendly football match between Poland and Latvia took place 39 The Ilawa Sports Centre for Tourism and Recreation operates in Ilawa which supports various sports sections In the city there is a sports club Jeziorak Ilawa consisting of several sections among others football handball table tennis and taekwondo Moreover there are local clubs institutions andassociations in Ilawa which bring together people who practice amongothers martial arts rowing volleyball tennis athletics swimming shooting and cycling 40 There is a troop of the Polish Scouting Association in Ilawa There aretwo multi level teams three teams of hikers 16 21 years old oneteam of older scouts 13 16 years old four teams of scouts 19 13years old and four teams of chefs 41 Touristic trails EditWalk trails 42 Edit Yellow Trail 28 3 km from Ilawa to Samborow along Lake Jeziorak Blue Trail 26 km from Ilawa through Sarnowek to Siemiany along Jeziorak Lake Green Trail 41 3 km from Ilawa to Kamieniec The Forest Teaching Trail Jasne Silm Forest Teaching TrailBike trails 43 Edit Trail red about 60 km from Ilawa north east to Jezierzyce and west to Kisielice Trail blue about 60 km from Ilawa to Zalewo along Gil Maly Gil Wielki and Jeziorak lakes Trail green about 137 km from Ilawa to Elblag along the Elblag Canal Yellow trail about 131 km from Gorzno to Elblag along the Elblag CanalKayak trails 44 Edit The Sir Charles Canoeing Trail John Paul II Ostroda Milomlyn Siemiany Gizerek ILAWA The Old Apple Canoeing Trail Milomlyn ILAWA length 63 4 km Stare Jablonki J Szelag M J Szelag W J Pauzenskie Ostroda J Drweckie K Elblaski Milomlyn K Ilawski J Jeziorak Chmielowka Makowo Szalkowo ILAWA Kayak Trail ILAWA Stare Jablonki length 1 5 km 73 3 km ILAWA Ilawka Drweca J Drweckie Ostroda J Pauzenskie J Szelag W i M S Jablonki Canoe trail ILAWA ILAWA length 136 7 km Reich Ilawka Rz Drweca J Drweckie Ostroda J Szelag Wielki J Szelag M Stare Jablonki K Elblaski Milomlyn K Ilawski J Dauby J Jeziorak ILAWASail trails 44 Edit Trail of Ilawa and Elblag canal ILAWA Makowo Zatoka Kraga Lake Dauby Lake Karnickie Milomlyn K Elblaski J Drweckie Trail of Jeziorak and Plaskie Lake ILAWA Siemiany Jerzwald Trail of Lake Jeziorak and Ewingi ILAWA Siemiany Matyty Dobrzyki Zalewo Trail of Ilawa and Elblag canal ILAWA Makowo Zat Kraga K Ilawski Milomlyn K ElblaskiNotable residents EditDaria Abramowicz born 1987 sports psychologist Richard Altmann 1852 1900 pathologist Erich Diestel 1892 1973 Wehrmacht general Karl Heinemann 1857 1927 German literary historian and philologist Friedrich Karst 1893 1975 general Miroslaw Kochalski born 1965 mayor of Warsaw Jaroslaw Kotewicz born 1969 high jumper Joachim Meichssner 1906 1944 Wehrmacht officer and resistance fighter Paul Semrau 1915 1945 Luftwaffe pilot Helmuth Stieff 1901 1944 Wehrmacht general and resistance fighter Gustav Wilke 1898 1977 Fallschirmjager generalGallery Edit nbsp Ilawa town hall nbsp Former granary at Sobieskiego Street nbsp Ilawa Glowna train station nbsp High school in Ilawa nbsp Jeziorak lake nbsp View from spaceInternational relations EditSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland Twin towns Sister cities Edit Ilawa is twinned with nbsp Herborn Germany nbsp Tholen Netherlands nbsp Gargzdai Lithuania References Edit Jeziorak najdluzsze Jezioro w Polsce Tlokowisko Osrodek Wypoczynkowy Telewizja Polska S A Siemiany Archived 2016 10 21 at the Wayback Machine GUS Glowny Urzad Statystyczny Powierzchnia i ludnosc w przekroju terytorialnym w 2013 R www stat gov pl Archived from the original on 20 December 2013 Retrieved 30 June 2022 Czubiel Lucjan Domagala Tadeusz 1969 Zolnierze polscy w Prusach po upadku powstania listopadowego Powroty do kraju i wyjazdy na emigracje Zabytkowe osrodki miejskie Warmii i Mazur in Polish Pojezierze p 149 a b c d Historia i legendy Urzad Miasta Ilawy serwis miejski Retrieved June 8 2019 Gorski Karol 1949 Zwiazek Pruski i poddanie sie Prus Polsce zbior tekstow zrodlowych in Polish Poznan Instytut Zachodni p 54 Gorski pp 96 97 214 215 Kasparek Norbert 2014 Zolnierze polscy w Prusach po upadku powstania listopadowego Powroty do kraju i wyjazdy na emigracje In Katafiasz Tomasz ed Na tulaczym szlaku Powstancy Listopadowi na Pomorzu in Polish Koszalin Muzeum w Koszalinie Archiwum Panstwowe w Koszalinie p 138 Deutsch Eylau www meyersgaz org Retrieved 2021 07 11 Willkommen bei Gemeindeverzeichnis de www gemeindeverzeichnis de Retrieved 2021 07 11 BAZA ARTYKULoW DOTYCZACYCH PLEBISCYTU NA WARMII MAZURACH I POWISLU W 1920 ROKU Archived 2016 07 05 at the Wayback Machine PDF 2 0 MB a b c 70 rocznica wybuchu II wojny swiatowej w wojewodztwie portEl pl in Polish September 2009 Retrieved 8 April 2023 Wardzynska Maria 2017 Wysiedlenia ludnosci polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich wlaczonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939 1945 in Polish Warszawa IPN p 104 ISBN 978 83 8098 174 4 Chrzanowski Bogdan 2022 Polskie Panstwo Podziemne na Pomorzu w latach 1939 1945 in Polish Gdansk IPN p 57 ISBN 978 83 8229 411 8 a b Ilawa miasto z blota Zarzadzenie Ministrow Administracji Publicznej i Ziem Odzyskanych z dnia 7 maja 1946 r M P z 1946 r Nr 44 poz 85 a b c Urzad Miasta Ilawy Serwis miejski Symbole miejskie ilawa pl Retrieved 2020 01 25 Bank Danych Regionalnych Strona glowna in Polish GUS Retrieved 2010 09 14 http ilawa praca gov pl documents 2398404 2410635 Stopa 20bezrobocia 20w 202016 pdf 24da74be 21dd 413a a76b 654b1396a24c t 1466669939797 bare URL PDF Ilava culture centre Miejska Biblioteka Publiczna w Ilawie biblioteka ilawa pl Retrieved 2020 01 25 Poradnia Psychologiczno Pedagogiczna w Ilawie pcre ilawa pl Retrieved 2020 01 25 a b Atrakcje Ilawy it ilawa pl Retrieved 2020 01 25 a b c Imprezy w Ilawie WP abcZdrowie in Polish Retrieved 2020 01 25 Ilawa W rytmie jazzu Atrakcje turystyczne Ilawy Ciekawe miejsca Ilawy polskaniezwykla pl Retrieved 2020 01 25 Jeziorak Szanty Szantymaniak szantymaniak pl Retrieved 2020 01 25 Tegoroczna Ilawska Fama Rock Festiwal w nowej formule ilawa wm pl in Polish Retrieved 2020 01 25 infoilawa pl in Polish http www infoilawa pl aktualnosci item 4799 druga odslona mlodziezowego park jam Retrieved 2020 01 25 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help Ilawa Powstaje muzeum wojskowosci i motoryzacji z torem taktycznym ZDJeCIA infoilawa pl in Polish Retrieved 2020 01 25 Po kolejnym spotkaniu w sprawie ilawskiego muzeum Mamy pierwsze informacje o kosztach infoilawa pl in Polish Retrieved 2020 01 25 Panorama Regionu Encyklopedia Warmii i Mazur in Polish Retrieved 2020 01 25 Polska Prasa Powiat ilawski miesiecznik regionalny polskaprasa cba pl Retrieved 2020 01 25 Biuletyn Uroczysko Park Krajobrazowy Pojezierza Ilawskiego parkikrajobrazowewarmiimazur pl Archived from the original on 2020 02 06 Retrieved 2020 01 25 Jak w Ilawie Gniazdo krecili wystawa fotograficzna mojemazury pl Retrieved 2020 01 25 Nowe przygody Pana Samochodzika Lubimyczytac pl Retrieved 2020 01 25 Krol Olch Der Unhold in Polish 11 July 2002 retrieved 2020 01 25 FilmPolski pl FilmPolski in Polish Retrieved 2020 01 25 Przemyslaw Burchard Przemyslaw Burchard Pamiatki i zabytki kultury zydowskiej w Polsce 49 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help 18 11 1992 Ilawa Polska 1 0 Lotwa mecz towarzyski Historia Polskiej Pilki Noznej hppn pl hppn pl Retrieved 2020 01 25 Jaskula Patryk Mikolajkowe zawody pilkarskie Aktywnie Osrodek in Polish Retrieved 2020 01 25 in Polish http ilawa zhp pl Retrieved 2020 01 25 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty title help Szlaki piesze it ilawa pl Retrieved 2020 01 25 Aleje i szlaki rowerowe it ilawa pl Retrieved 2020 01 25 a b Pojezierze Ilawskie Szlaki Makroregion poln wsch Polski pojezierzeilawskie pl Retrieved 2020 01 25 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ilawa http kirkuty xip pl ilawa htm http www sztetl org pl pl article ilawa 12 cmentarze 19196 cmentarz przy ul biskupskiej Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ilawa amp oldid 1156885184, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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