Design-based research (DBR) is a type of research methodology used by researchers in the learning sciences, which is a sub-field of education. The basic process of DBR involves developing solutions (called "interventions") to problems. Then, the interventions are put to use to test how well they work. The iterations may then be adapted and re-tested to gather more data. The purpose of this approach is to generate new theories and frameworks for conceptualizing learning, instruction,[1] design processes, and educational reform. Data analysis often takes the form of iterative comparisons.
Methodologically, the learning sciences differs from other fields in educational research. It focuses on the study of learners, their localities, and their communities. The design-based research methodology is often used by learning scientists in their inquiries because this methodological framework considers the subject of study to be a complex system involving emergent properties that arise from the interaction of more variables than are initially known to researchers, including variables stemming from the researchers themselves (Brown, 1992). Rather than attempting to isolate all the various factors that impact learning as in traditional research, the learning sciences employ design based research methodologies which appeal to an approach to the study of learning – in particular human learning both inside and outside of school – that embraces the complex system nature of learning systems. Learning scientists often look at the interactions amongst variables as key components to study, yet acknowledge that within learning environments the interactions are often too complex to study all or completely understand. This stance has been validated by the findings of Cronbach and Snow (1977) which suggest that Aptitude-Treatment Interactions, where variables are isolated in an effort to determine what factors "most" influence learning, will not be informative but rather inaccurate and potentially misleading if used as a ground for educational decisions or educational research of complex learning situations such as those characteristic of human beings in their lived experiences.
History and controversyedit
The method was first proposed as design-experiments by Allan Collins in 1990 and Ann Brown in 1992. Collins originally proposed design-experiments as contributing to a 'design science', like aeronautics or artificial intelligence, rather than analytic science that seeks to explain natural phenomena. In the mid-1990s, a group called the National Design Experiment Consortium was founded by the late Jan Hawkins, then of Educational Development Corporation, to refine the method. In 1999, Christopher Hoadley founded the Design-Based Research Collective, funded by the Spencer Foundation, and coined the modern term for the method.
Design-based research methodologies are often viewed as non-scientific by traditional experimental psychologists because design-based research does not follow formal definitions of scientific method. In 2000, Charles Desforges famously called design experiments 'neither designed, nor experiments'.[citation needed] Design-based research is viewed as an outgrowth of product development processes rather than scientific research. Critics see "design science" as an application of science to develop products or instructional interventions rather than scientific research.[citation needed] Some researchers question whether design-based research is primarily useful as an exploratory research method geared towards producing designed artifacts, or whether it can validly test robust theories that are contingent on designed artifacts or interventions.[citation needed]
Varieties and forms of design-based research methodologiesedit
As mentioned in the conclusion to the 2008 ICLS keynote([1]), there are several forms of design based research now in use in education research. These are associated with papers from:
Anderson, T., & Shattuck, J. (2012). "Design-based research: A decade of progress in education research?" Educational Researcher, 41(1), 16–25. doi:10.3102/0013189X11428813
Bannan-Ritland, B. (2003). "The role of design in research: The integrative learning design framework". Educational Researcher. 32(1) 21–24.
Cronbach, L. J. & R. E. Snow (1977): Aptitudes and instructional methods: a handbook for research on interactions. New York: Irvington.[ISBN missing]
Brown, A.L. (1992). "Design experiments: Theoretical and methodological challenges in creating complex interventions in classroom settings". The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2(2), 141–178. doi:10.1207/s15327809jls0202_2
Collins, A. (1992). "Toward a Design Science of Education". In E. Scanlon & T. O'Shea (Eds.), New directions in educational technology (pp. 15–22). New York: Springer-Verlag.[ISBN missing]
Cobb, P., Confrey, J. diSessa, A., Lehrer, R. and Schauble, L. (2003). "Design Experiments in Educational Research". Educational Researcher. 32(1) 9–13.
Deforges, C. (2000). "Familiar challenges and new approaches: necessary advances in theory and methods in research on teaching and learning". Paper presented at the Desmond Nuttall/Carfax Memorial Lecture. Cardiff, UK.
Hoadley, C. (2002). "Creating context: Design-based research in creating and understanding CSCL". In G. Stahl (Ed.), Computer Support for Collaborative Learning 2002 (pp. 453–462). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.[ISBN missing]
Kelly, A. E. (2004). "Design research in education: Yes, but is it methodological?" The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(1), 115–128. doi:10.1207/s15327809jls1301_6
Mor, Y. (2010) 'A Design Approach to Research in Technology Enhanced Mathematics Education', PhD thesis, Institute of Education, University of London
Reeves, T., Herrington, J. and Oliver, R. (2005) "Design Research: A Socially Responsible Approach to Instructional Technology Research in Higher Education". Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 16(2), 97–116.
Shavelson, R. J. and Towne, L. (Eds.) (2002) Scientific Research in Education. National Academy Press. Washington D.C.[ISBN missing]
Shavelson, R. J., Phillips, D. C., Towne, L., & Feuer, M. J. (2003). "On the science of educational design studies". Educational Researcher, 32(1), 25–28.
^Johnson, C., Hill, L., Lock, J., Altowairiki, N., Ostrowski, C., da Rosa dos Santos, L., & Liu, Y. (2017). "Using design-based research to develop meaningful online discussions in undergraduate field experience courses". International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 18(6). Retrieved from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/2901/4373
External linksedit
Edu-Tech Wiki
(videos) AERA International Convention, 2006.
(video) DiSessa, A. (2006). Presented at the London Knowledge Lab.
December 11, 2023
design, based, research, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, c. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations October 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article may be confusing or unclear to readers Please help clarify the article There might be a discussion about this on the talk page October 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article may be too technical for most readers to understand Please help improve it to make it understandable to non experts without removing the technical details October 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Design based research DBR is a type of research methodology used by researchers in the learning sciences which is a sub field of education The basic process of DBR involves developing solutions called interventions to problems Then the interventions are put to use to test how well they work The iterations may then be adapted and re tested to gather more data The purpose of this approach is to generate new theories and frameworks for conceptualizing learning instruction 1 design processes and educational reform Data analysis often takes the form of iterative comparisons Contents 1 Role within the learning sciences 2 History and controversy 3 Varieties and forms of design based research methodologies 4 Related works 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksRole within the learning sciences editMethodologically the learning sciences differs from other fields in educational research It focuses on the study of learners their localities and their communities The design based research methodology is often used by learning scientists in their inquiries because this methodological framework considers the subject of study to be a complex system involving emergent properties that arise from the interaction of more variables than are initially known to researchers including variables stemming from the researchers themselves Brown 1992 Rather than attempting to isolate all the various factors that impact learning as in traditional research the learning sciences employ design based research methodologies which appeal to an approach to the study of learning in particular human learning both inside and outside of school that embraces the complex system nature of learning systems Learning scientists often look at the interactions amongst variables as key components to study yet acknowledge that within learning environments the interactions are often too complex to study all or completely understand This stance has been validated by the findings of Cronbach and Snow 1977 which suggest that Aptitude Treatment Interactions where variables are isolated in an effort to determine what factors most influence learning will not be informative but rather inaccurate and potentially misleading if used as a ground for educational decisions or educational research of complex learning situations such as those characteristic of human beings in their lived experiences History and controversy editThe method was first proposed as design experiments by Allan Collins in 1990 and Ann Brown in 1992 Collins originally proposed design experiments as contributing to a design science like aeronautics or artificial intelligence rather than analytic science that seeks to explain natural phenomena In the mid 1990s a group called the National Design Experiment Consortium was founded by the late Jan Hawkins then of Educational Development Corporation to refine the method In 1999 Christopher Hoadley founded the Design Based Research Collective funded by the Spencer Foundation and coined the modern term for the method Design based research methodologies are often viewed as non scientific by traditional experimental psychologists because design based research does not follow formal definitions of scientific method In 2000 Charles Desforges famously called design experiments neither designed nor experiments citation needed Design based research is viewed as an outgrowth of product development processes rather than scientific research Critics see design science as an application of science to develop products or instructional interventions rather than scientific research citation needed Some researchers question whether design based research is primarily useful as an exploratory research method geared towards producing designed artifacts or whether it can validly test robust theories that are contingent on designed artifacts or interventions citation needed Varieties and forms of design based research methodologies editAs mentioned in the conclusion to the 2008 ICLS keynote 1 there are several forms of design based research now in use in education research These are associated with papers from Brown and Collins Cobb Hmelo Silver Kelly amp LeshRelated works editAnderson T amp Shattuck J 2012 Design based research A decade of progress in education research Educational Researcher 41 1 16 25 doi 10 3102 0013189X11428813 Bannan Ritland B 2003 The role of design in research The integrative learning design framework Educational Researcher 32 1 21 24 Cronbach L J amp R E Snow 1977 Aptitudes and instructional methods a handbook for research on interactions New York Irvington ISBN missing Brown A L 1992 Design experiments Theoretical and methodological challenges in creating complex interventions in classroom settings The Journal of the Learning Sciences 2 2 141 178 doi 10 1207 s15327809jls0202 2 Collins A 1990 Toward a Design Science of Education New York Center for Technology in Education http cct2 edc org ccthome reports tr1 html Collins A 1992 Toward a Design Science of Education In E Scanlon amp T O Shea Eds New directions in educational technology pp 15 22 New York Springer Verlag ISBN missing Cobb P Confrey J diSessa A Lehrer R and Schauble L 2003 Design Experiments in Educational Research Educational Researcher 32 1 9 13 Deforges C 2000 Familiar challenges and new approaches necessary advances in theory and methods in research on teaching and learning Paper presented at the Desmond Nuttall Carfax Memorial Lecture Cardiff UK Design Based Research Collective 2003 Design based research An emerging paradigm for educational inquiry Educational Researcher 32 1 5 8 35 37 http www designbasedresearch org reppubs DBRC2003 pdf Hoadley C 2002 Creating context Design based research in creating and understanding CSCL In G Stahl Ed Computer Support for Collaborative Learning 2002 pp 453 462 Mahwah NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates ISBN missing Kelly A E 2004 Design research in education Yes but is it methodological The Journal of the Learning Sciences 13 1 115 128 doi 10 1207 s15327809jls1301 6 Mor Y 2010 A Design Approach to Research in Technology Enhanced Mathematics Education PhD thesis Institute of Education University of London Reeves T Herrington J and Oliver R 2005 Design Research A Socially Responsible Approach to Instructional Technology Research in Higher Education Journal of Computing in Higher Education 16 2 97 116 Shavelson R J and Towne L Eds 2002 Scientific Research in Education National Academy Press Washington D C ISBN missing Shavelson R J Phillips D C Towne L amp Feuer M J 2003 On the science of educational design studies Educational Researcher 32 1 25 28 See also editDesign Science Methodology Design based learningReferences edit Johnson C Hill L Lock J Altowairiki N Ostrowski C da Rosa dos Santos L amp Liu Y 2017 Using design based research to develop meaningful online discussions in undergraduate field experience courses International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning 18 6 Retrieved from http www irrodl org index php irrodl article view 2901 4373External links editEdu Tech Wiki Interviews with design based research experts videos AERA International Convention 2006 Designed Based research video DiSessa A 2006 Presented at the London Knowledge Lab Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Design based research amp oldid 1162665980, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
