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Denard Span

Keiunta Denard Span (born February 27, 1984) is an American former professional baseball center fielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Minnesota Twins, Washington Nationals, San Francisco Giants, Tampa Bay Rays and Seattle Mariners.

Denard Span
Span with the Seattle Mariners in 2018
Center fielder
Born: (1984-02-27) February 27, 1984 (age 39)
Tampa, Florida, U.S.
Batted: Left
Threw: Left
MLB debut
April 6, 2008, for the Minnesota Twins
Last MLB appearance
September 30, 2018, for the Seattle Mariners
MLB statistics
Batting average.281
Home runs71
Runs batted in490
Teams

Span batted and threw left-handed and at the height of his career was known as one of the premier leadoff hitters in baseball due to his exceptional on-base percentage.[1]

Early life

Span was raised by his single mother, Wanda Wilson, in Tampa. Wilson, a Federal City College graduate, supported Span and his brother, Ray, by working variously as a claims adjuster and day care operator. Their father had very little presence in their lives.[2]

As a teenager, he attended Tampa Bay Devil Rays games at Tropicana Field.[3] He attended Tampa Catholic High School where he played football and baseball. Span won a state baseball championship with Tampa Catholic as a junior in 2001. As a senior, he hit .490.[4] He committed to play college baseball at Florida. According to Baseball America, he could have played college football as a wide receiver if he had not focused on baseball.[5]

Professional career

Span was selected by the Twins with the 20th overall pick 2002 Major League Baseball draft from Tampa Catholic. Span turned down just over $2 million from the Colorado Rockies in a predraft deal (who instead drafted Jeff Francis with the eighth pick) and his fall to the 20th pick cost him around $800,000.[6] Following his selection, Span signed with the Twins on August 15, 2002 which caused him to miss all of the 2002 minor league season.[7]

He started his minor league career in 2003 at Elizabethton, the Twins rookie-league affiliate.[7] In 2004, Span was promoted first to the Gulf Coast League Twins in Fort Myers, Florida and, after only appearing in 5 games,[7] for the Quad Cities of the Low Single A Midwest League. In 2005, he was promoted to Fort Myers Miracle, the Twins Advanced A affiliate, and then to the New Britain Rock Cats, the Twins Double-A affiliate.[7] In 2006, Span returned to the Rock Cats, but was promoted Triple-A Rochester Red Wings in 2007.[7]

Minnesota Twins

 
Span batting for the Minnesota Twins in 2008

Throughout the 2008 spring training, Span was competing with Carlos Gómez to be the Twins' starting center fielder, but ultimately lost out to Gomez and was outrighted to AAA. However, on April 6, Michael Cuddyer was placed on the 15-day disabled list and Span was called up to make his Major League debut against the Kansas City Royals. Span failed to impress the Twins (hitting .258/.324/.258) and was sent back down to AAA.[8] However, he got hot over the next 40 games in AAA (.340/.434/.481) and was recalled to the Twins where he spent the rest of 2008 season. Span's 2008 season totals were .294/.387/.432 with 6 home runs, 47 RBI, and 7 triples in 93 games.[7] Span was chosen to play in the 2008 Beijing Olympics but because he had been promoted, he was forced to skip the Olympics.

In 2009, Span got the nod to start as a left fielder. He also played center field and right field throughout the season. His 2009 stats showed some improvement from 2008, hitting .311/.392/.415 with 8 home runs, 68 RBI, and 10 triples in 145 games.[7] He also stole bases 23 times while getting caught 10 times.[7] Span earned the odd distinction of becoming the player to hit both the first regular and post season hits at Yankee Stadium in 2009.

On March 13, 2010, Span made public a five-year deal worth $16.5 million with the Minnesota Twins that included an option for the 2015 season worth $9 million with a $500,000 buyout.[9] This contract effectively bought out all of Span's arbitration years but did not go beyond his available free agency. On March 31, he unintentionally hit his mother, who was sitting in the stands, with a foul ball.[10] On April 2, Span collected the first hit (a triple) and the first home run in the Twins' new ballpark Target Field in an exhibition game against the St. Louis Cardinals.

On June 29, Span tied the modern-day Major League Baseball record by hitting three triples in one game against the Detroit Tigers in an 11-4 victory. He became the 29th player since 1900 to accomplish this feat, the second Minnesota Twin (after Ken Landreaux in 1980), and the first player since Rafael Furcal performed the feat on April 21, 2002.[11][12] His night also included a single and five runs batted in.

Overall, Span hit .284/.357/.389 in his Minnesota career, with 254 walks and 321 strikeouts in 2354 at-bats and stole 90 bases in 118 attempts. Adding his strong defense gives him an overall wins above replacement of 15.9. He also became the first ever player on the 7-Day Disabled List in 2012.[8]

Washington Nationals

 
Span during his tenure with the Washington Nationals in 2013

After being tied with the Nationals in trade rumors as far back as 2011, the Twins finally traded Span to the team on November 29, 2012 for Washington's 2011 first round pick (23rd overall), starting pitcher Alex Meyer.[13] After the trade, Span became the team's starting center fielder, moving 2012 NL Rookie of the Year Bryce Harper to left field.[14] During the 2013 season, Span set a personal and league high with a 29-game hit streak (besting the previous 2013 season high of 27 games set by former Twins teammate Michael Cuddyer). The streak ended on September 19 following an 0-4 performance against the Miami Marlins. During the streak, Span raised his season average from .258 to .281 (46 for 128) while hitting two home runs, recording 9 RBI, and scoring 21 runs.[15] For the season he batted .279/.327/.380 and led the majors with 11 triples. On September 5, 2014, he earned his 1,000 career hit against the Philadelphia Phillies at Nationals Park.[16] He finished the 2014 season hitting .302/.355/.416 and led the National League with 184 hits, which also set the Nationals club record for hits in a single season.

On December 3, 2014, Span underwent a sports hernia surgery. He claimed that he suffered this injury toward the end of the 2014 season but didn't miss any games.[citation needed] Recovery time required 6 weeks, giving him enough time to be ready for 2015 spring training. During March 2015, Span underwent core muscle surgery. He began the 2015 season on the 15-day disabled list and made his season debut on April 19, 2015.

San Francisco Giants

On January 7, 2016, Span signed a three-year, $31 million, contract with the San Francisco Giants that included a mutual option for 2019 and $5 million in performance bonuses.[17] On June 13 at AT&T Park, Span became the first San Francisco Giant to hit a leadoff splash hit home run in the first inning into McCovey Cove and joined the San Diego Padres' Brian Giles (2008) as the only two players in the history of the ballpark to accomplish the feat. He batted .268/.330/.402 for San Francisco (2016, 2017 seasons).[18]

Tampa Bay Rays

On December 20, 2017, the Giants traded Span, Christian Arroyo, Matt Krook, and Stephen Woods to the Tampa Bay Rays for Evan Longoria and cash considerations.[19] On March 29, 2018, Span hit a three-run triple on Opening Day 2018 against Carson Smith of the Boston Red Sox to give the Rays a 5-4 lead. He became the third player to triple in his Rays debut.[20][21] He batted .238/.364/.385 for Tampa Bay.[22]

Seattle Mariners

On May 25, 2018, the Rays traded Span and reliever Álex Colomé to the Seattle Mariners in exchange for minor leaguers Andrew Moore and Tommy Romero.[23] He hit .272 in 94 games for Seattle, hitting seven home runs. The Mariners declined the 2019 option on his contract, making him a free agent, on October 30, 2018.[24]

On June 8, 2020, Span confirmed that he had played his final game in the major leagues.

Career statistics

In 1359 games over 11 seasons, Span posted a .281 batting average (1498-for-5326) with 773 runs, 265 doubles, 72 triples, 71 home runs, 490 RBIs, 185 stolen bases, 515 bases on balls, .347 on-base percentage and .398 slugging percentage. He finished his career with a .991 fielding percentage playing at all three outfield positions. In 14 postseason games, he hit .258 (17-for-66) with four runs, three doubles, one triple, two RBI, two stolen bases and two walks.[7]

Career after baseball

On January 24, 2021, it was announced that Span was hired by the Tampa Bay Rays as a special assistant in baseball operations.[25] Span joined Bally Sports Sun as an analyst for the Rays in February 2023.[26]

Personal life

Span is a Christian.[27] Span proposed to Anne Schleper, who won a silver medal for ice hockey with the United States in the 2014 Winter Olympics, on December 31, 2016. They married in January 2017 in Naples, Florida.[28] The couple welcomed their first child, a son, in October 2017.

Span founded a non-profit, The Denard Span Foundation, to aid single parent families.[29]

See also

References

  1. ^ Neyer, Rob (March 10, 2010). "How Denard Span became Denard Span – SweetSpot Blog – ESPN". Espn.go.com. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
  2. ^ Comack, Amanda (March 19, 2013). "Raised by a single mom, Denard Span pays tribute by helping others". The Washington Times. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
  3. ^ Mooney, Roger (December 22, 2017). "Denard Span excited to play for hometown Rays — if they keep him". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
  4. ^ "Tampa Catholic High School :: Denard Span". www.tampacatholic.org. Tampa Catholic High School. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
  5. ^ "Baseball America Online - 2002 Draft Preview". Baseball America. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
  6. ^ Talent emerging from 2002 draft", by Keith Law from Scouts, Inc. accessed on ESPN.com, accessed June 4, 2007
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Denard Span Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
  8. ^ a b Sickels, John (November 30, 2012). "Prospect Retrospective and Career Profile: Denard Span". MinorLeagueBall.com. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
  9. ^ Twins reward Span with five-year contract", by Kelly Thesier from MLB.com. accessed on MLB.com, accessed March 13, 2010
  10. ^ "Span hits mom with foul ball | twinsbaseball.com: News". Minnesota Twins. MLB. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
  11. ^ Maggio, Anthony (June 29, 2010). "Triple threat: Span's big night helps Twins coast". Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  12. ^ ESPN.com (June 29, 2010). "Span's outburst helps starter Blackburn get first win since May". Retrieved June 30, 2010.
  13. ^ "Nationals acquire Denard Span from Twins for Minor Leaguer Alex Meyer | MLB.com: News". Mlb.mlb.com. June 19, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
  14. ^ "Twins trade Denard Span to Nats". ESPN.com. Associated Press. November 29, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
  15. ^ "Denard Span Game-by-Game Stats and Performance". ESPN.com. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
  16. ^ @Nationals (September 5, 2014). "WATCH: That's career hit No. 1,000 for Denard Span! Congrats, Denard!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  17. ^ Shea, John (January 8, 2016). "Denard Span joining Giants' outfield". SF Gate. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  18. ^ Denard Span Minor, Fall & Winter Leagues Statistics & History | Baseball-Reference.com
  19. ^ "Giants acquire Longoria from Rays". MLB.com. December 20, 2017. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  20. ^ Tampa Bay Rays on Twitter: "Meet the man, Denard Span. #RaysUp… "
  21. ^ Denard Span lifts Rays over Red Sox in opener | MLB.com
  22. ^ Denard Span Minor, Fall & Winter Leagues Statistics & History | Baseball-Reference.com
  23. ^ Johns, Greg (May 25, 2018). "Mariners acquire Colome, Span from Rays: Club sends out young arms Moore, Romero in deal to bolster depth". MLB.com. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  24. ^ Mariners To Decline Denard Span's Option – MLB Trade Rumors
  25. ^ "East Notes: Mets, Hand, Bradley, Yankees, Rays".
  26. ^ Topkin, Marc. "Why you won't see Dewayne Staats as much on Rays telecasts this year". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
  27. ^ Romano, Jason (August 10, 2018). "Mariners' Denard Span shines for Christ in transition to Seattle". Sports Spectrum. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  28. ^ "Giants' Denard Span marries Olympian after adorable proposal". SF Gate. February 17, 2017. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
  29. ^ Ferrell, Kandice (August 5, 2015). "Nationals Centerfielder Denard Span Empowers Single Parents". Huffington Post. Retrieved January 23, 2018.

External links

  • Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball Reference, or Fangraphs, or Baseball Reference (Minors), or Retrosheet
  • Denard Span on Twitter  

denard, span, keiunta, born, february, 1984, american, former, professional, baseball, center, fielder, played, major, league, baseball, minnesota, twins, washington, nationals, francisco, giants, tampa, rays, seattle, mariners, span, with, seattle, mariners, . Keiunta Denard Span born February 27 1984 is an American former professional baseball center fielder He played in Major League Baseball MLB for the Minnesota Twins Washington Nationals San Francisco Giants Tampa Bay Rays and Seattle Mariners Denard SpanSpan with the Seattle Mariners in 2018Center fielderBorn 1984 02 27 February 27 1984 age 39 Tampa Florida U S Batted LeftThrew LeftMLB debutApril 6 2008 for the Minnesota TwinsLast MLB appearanceSeptember 30 2018 for the Seattle MarinersMLB statisticsBatting average 281Home runs71Runs batted in490TeamsMinnesota Twins 2008 2012 Washington Nationals 2013 2015 San Francisco Giants 2016 2017 Tampa Bay Rays 2018 Seattle Mariners 2018 Span batted and threw left handed and at the height of his career was known as one of the premier leadoff hitters in baseball due to his exceptional on base percentage 1 Contents 1 Early life 2 Professional career 2 1 Minnesota Twins 2 2 Washington Nationals 2 3 San Francisco Giants 2 4 Tampa Bay Rays 2 5 Seattle Mariners 2 6 Career statistics 3 Career after baseball 4 Personal life 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksEarly life EditSpan was raised by his single mother Wanda Wilson in Tampa Wilson a Federal City College graduate supported Span and his brother Ray by working variously as a claims adjuster and day care operator Their father had very little presence in their lives 2 As a teenager he attended Tampa Bay Devil Rays games at Tropicana Field 3 He attended Tampa Catholic High School where he played football and baseball Span won a state baseball championship with Tampa Catholic as a junior in 2001 As a senior he hit 490 4 He committed to play college baseball at Florida According to Baseball America he could have played college football as a wide receiver if he had not focused on baseball 5 Professional career EditSpan was selected by the Twins with the 20th overall pick 2002 Major League Baseball draft from Tampa Catholic Span turned down just over 2 million from the Colorado Rockies in a predraft deal who instead drafted Jeff Francis with the eighth pick and his fall to the 20th pick cost him around 800 000 6 Following his selection Span signed with the Twins on August 15 2002 which caused him to miss all of the 2002 minor league season 7 He started his minor league career in 2003 at Elizabethton the Twins rookie league affiliate 7 In 2004 Span was promoted first to the Gulf Coast League Twins in Fort Myers Florida and after only appearing in 5 games 7 for the Quad Cities of the Low Single A Midwest League In 2005 he was promoted to Fort Myers Miracle the Twins Advanced A affiliate and then to the New Britain Rock Cats the Twins Double A affiliate 7 In 2006 Span returned to the Rock Cats but was promoted Triple A Rochester Red Wings in 2007 7 Minnesota Twins Edit Span batting for the Minnesota Twins in 2008 Throughout the 2008 spring training Span was competing with Carlos Gomez to be the Twins starting center fielder but ultimately lost out to Gomez and was outrighted to AAA However on April 6 Michael Cuddyer was placed on the 15 day disabled list and Span was called up to make his Major League debut against the Kansas City Royals Span failed to impress the Twins hitting 258 324 258 and was sent back down to AAA 8 However he got hot over the next 40 games in AAA 340 434 481 and was recalled to the Twins where he spent the rest of 2008 season Span s 2008 season totals were 294 387 432 with 6 home runs 47 RBI and 7 triples in 93 games 7 Span was chosen to play in the 2008 Beijing Olympics but because he had been promoted he was forced to skip the Olympics In 2009 Span got the nod to start as a left fielder He also played center field and right field throughout the season His 2009 stats showed some improvement from 2008 hitting 311 392 415 with 8 home runs 68 RBI and 10 triples in 145 games 7 He also stole bases 23 times while getting caught 10 times 7 Span earned the odd distinction of becoming the player to hit both the first regular and post season hits at Yankee Stadium in 2009 On March 13 2010 Span made public a five year deal worth 16 5 million with the Minnesota Twins that included an option for the 2015 season worth 9 million with a 500 000 buyout 9 This contract effectively bought out all of Span s arbitration years but did not go beyond his available free agency On March 31 he unintentionally hit his mother who was sitting in the stands with a foul ball 10 On April 2 Span collected the first hit a triple and the first home run in the Twins new ballpark Target Field in an exhibition game against the St Louis Cardinals On June 29 Span tied the modern day Major League Baseball record by hitting three triples in one game against the Detroit Tigers in an 11 4 victory He became the 29th player since 1900 to accomplish this feat the second Minnesota Twin after Ken Landreaux in 1980 and the first player since Rafael Furcal performed the feat on April 21 2002 11 12 His night also included a single and five runs batted in Overall Span hit 284 357 389 in his Minnesota career with 254 walks and 321 strikeouts in 2354 at bats and stole 90 bases in 118 attempts Adding his strong defense gives him an overall wins above replacement of 15 9 He also became the first ever player on the 7 Day Disabled List in 2012 8 Washington Nationals Edit Span during his tenure with the Washington Nationals in 2013 After being tied with the Nationals in trade rumors as far back as 2011 the Twins finally traded Span to the team on November 29 2012 for Washington s 2011 first round pick 23rd overall starting pitcher Alex Meyer 13 After the trade Span became the team s starting center fielder moving 2012 NL Rookie of the Year Bryce Harper to left field 14 During the 2013 season Span set a personal and league high with a 29 game hit streak besting the previous 2013 season high of 27 games set by former Twins teammate Michael Cuddyer The streak ended on September 19 following an 0 4 performance against the Miami Marlins During the streak Span raised his season average from 258 to 281 46 for 128 while hitting two home runs recording 9 RBI and scoring 21 runs 15 For the season he batted 279 327 380 and led the majors with 11 triples On September 5 2014 he earned his 1 000 career hit against the Philadelphia Phillies at Nationals Park 16 He finished the 2014 season hitting 302 355 416 and led the National League with 184 hits which also set the Nationals club record for hits in a single season On December 3 2014 Span underwent a sports hernia surgery He claimed that he suffered this injury toward the end of the 2014 season but didn t miss any games citation needed Recovery time required 6 weeks giving him enough time to be ready for 2015 spring training During March 2015 Span underwent core muscle surgery He began the 2015 season on the 15 day disabled list and made his season debut on April 19 2015 San Francisco Giants Edit On January 7 2016 Span signed a three year 31 million contract with the San Francisco Giants that included a mutual option for 2019 and 5 million in performance bonuses 17 On June 13 at AT amp T Park Span became the first San Francisco Giant to hit a leadoff splash hit home run in the first inning into McCovey Cove and joined the San Diego Padres Brian Giles 2008 as the only two players in the history of the ballpark to accomplish the feat He batted 268 330 402 for San Francisco 2016 2017 seasons 18 Tampa Bay Rays Edit On December 20 2017 the Giants traded Span Christian Arroyo Matt Krook and Stephen Woods to the Tampa Bay Rays for Evan Longoria and cash considerations 19 On March 29 2018 Span hit a three run triple on Opening Day 2018 against Carson Smith of the Boston Red Sox to give the Rays a 5 4 lead He became the third player to triple in his Rays debut 20 21 He batted 238 364 385 for Tampa Bay 22 Seattle Mariners Edit On May 25 2018 the Rays traded Span and reliever Alex Colome to the Seattle Mariners in exchange for minor leaguers Andrew Moore and Tommy Romero 23 He hit 272 in 94 games for Seattle hitting seven home runs The Mariners declined the 2019 option on his contract making him a free agent on October 30 2018 24 On June 8 2020 Span confirmed that he had played his final game in the major leagues Career statistics Edit In 1359 games over 11 seasons Span posted a 281 batting average 1498 for 5326 with 773 runs 265 doubles 72 triples 71 home runs 490 RBIs 185 stolen bases 515 bases on balls 347 on base percentage and 398 slugging percentage He finished his career with a 991 fielding percentage playing at all three outfield positions In 14 postseason games he hit 258 17 for 66 with four runs three doubles one triple two RBI two stolen bases and two walks 7 Career after baseball EditOn January 24 2021 it was announced that Span was hired by the Tampa Bay Rays as a special assistant in baseball operations 25 Span joined Bally Sports Sun as an analyst for the Rays in February 2023 26 Personal life EditSpan is a Christian 27 Span proposed to Anne Schleper who won a silver medal for ice hockey with the United States in the 2014 Winter Olympics on December 31 2016 They married in January 2017 in Naples Florida 28 The couple welcomed their first child a son in October 2017 Span founded a non profit The Denard Span Foundation to aid single parent families 29 See also Edit Baseball portalList of Major League Baseball annual triples leadersReferences Edit Neyer Rob March 10 2010 How Denard Span became Denard Span SweetSpot Blog ESPN Espn go com Retrieved November 29 2012 Comack Amanda March 19 2013 Raised by a single mom Denard Span pays tribute by helping others The Washington Times Retrieved January 24 2018 Mooney Roger December 22 2017 Denard Span excited to play for hometown Rays if they keep him Tampa Bay Times Retrieved January 23 2018 Tampa Catholic High School Denard Span www tampacatholic org Tampa Catholic High School Retrieved January 23 2018 Baseball America Online 2002 Draft Preview Baseball America Retrieved January 23 2018 Talent emerging from 2002 draft by Keith Law from Scouts Inc accessed on ESPN com accessed June 4 2007 a b c d e f g h i Denard Span Statistics and History Baseball Reference com Retrieved November 29 2012 a b Sickels John November 30 2012 Prospect Retrospective and Career Profile Denard Span MinorLeagueBall com Retrieved February 18 2014 Twins reward Span with five year contract by Kelly Thesier from MLB com accessed on MLB com accessed March 13 2010 Span hits mom with foul ball twinsbaseball com News Minnesota Twins MLB Retrieved November 29 2012 Maggio Anthony June 29 2010 Triple threat Span s big night helps Twins coast Retrieved June 30 2010 ESPN com June 29 2010 Span s outburst helps starter Blackburn get first win since May Retrieved June 30 2010 Nationals acquire Denard Span from Twins for Minor Leaguer Alex Meyer MLB com News Mlb mlb com June 19 2012 Retrieved November 29 2012 Twins trade Denard Span to Nats ESPN com Associated Press November 29 2012 Retrieved February 18 2014 Denard Span Game by Game Stats and Performance ESPN com Retrieved February 18 2014 Nationals September 5 2014 WATCH That s career hit No 1 000 for Denard Span Congrats Denard Tweet via Twitter Shea John January 8 2016 Denard Span joining Giants outfield SF Gate Retrieved January 8 2016 Denard Span Minor Fall amp Winter Leagues Statistics amp History Baseball Reference com Giants acquire Longoria from Rays MLB com December 20 2017 Retrieved December 20 2017 Tampa Bay Rays on Twitter Meet the man Denard Span RaysUp Denard Span lifts Rays over Red Sox in opener MLB com Denard Span Minor Fall amp Winter Leagues Statistics amp History Baseball Reference com Johns Greg May 25 2018 Mariners acquire Colome Span from Rays Club sends out young arms Moore Romero in deal to bolster depth MLB com Retrieved May 25 2018 Mariners To Decline Denard Span s Option MLB Trade Rumors East Notes Mets Hand Bradley Yankees Rays Topkin Marc Why you won t see Dewayne Staats as much on Rays telecasts this year Tampa Bay Times Retrieved February 23 2023 Romano Jason August 10 2018 Mariners Denard Span shines for Christ in transition to Seattle Sports Spectrum Retrieved December 5 2021 Giants Denard Span marries Olympian after adorable proposal SF Gate February 17 2017 Retrieved December 22 2017 Ferrell Kandice August 5 2015 Nationals Centerfielder Denard Span Empowers Single Parents Huffington Post Retrieved January 23 2018 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Denard Span Career statistics and player information from MLB or ESPN or Baseball Reference or Fangraphs or Baseball Reference Minors or Retrosheet Denard Span on Twitter Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Denard Span amp oldid 1152328070, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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