Delaware Supreme Court
The Delaware Supreme Court is the sole appellate court in the United States state of Delaware. Because Delaware is a popular haven for corporations, the Court has developed a worldwide reputation as a respected source of corporate law decisions, particularly in the area of mergers and acquisitions.[1]
| Delaware Supreme Court | |
|---|---|
Seal of the Supreme Court of Delaware | |
| Established | 1841 |
| Location | Wilmington, Delaware |
| Authorized by | Delaware Constitution |
| Appeals to | Supreme Court of the United States |
| Number of positions | 5 |
| Website | Official Website |
| Chief Justice | |
| Currently | Collins J. Seitz Jr. |
| Since | November 8, 2019 |
Jurisdiction edit
The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction over direct appeals from the Superior Court, Family Court, and Court of Chancery. Because it is the only appellate court in the state, its jurisdiction over appeals from final orders is mandatory. However, it has discretionary jurisdiction over appeals from interlocutory orders.
The Court has original jurisdiction over writs of mandamus, prohibition, and certiorari. In addition, the Court regulates and has exclusive jurisdiction over matters concerning the admission and discipline of lawyers, the Lawyers' Fund for Client Protection, continuing legal education requirements, and the unauthorized practice of law.
Constitutionally, the Chief Justice is the chief administrative officer of the entire Delaware judicial system and has the responsibility for securing funding for the courts from the Delaware General Assembly.
Procedure edit
Motions edit
Motions are normally handled in chambers by a motions justice. Arguments on motions are uncommon.
Oral argument edit
While the Court's appellate jurisdiction is mandatory, it is not required to hear oral argument. Typically between sixty and seventy-five percent of its decisions are rendered on briefs. If a case involves a novel question of law or the justices desire clarification, oral argument is called. Each attorney in oral argument is given 20 minutes to present its side, except for capital cases, in which each side is given 30 minutes.
Most cases are heard by a panel of three justices. In certain cases set forth in Rule 1 of the Court's Rules, the Court will sit en banc. These cases include cases where a criminal defendant has been sentenced to death, where the three justice panel cannot reach a unanimous decision, or where the Court has been asked to modify or overrule existing precedent.
In cases being heard by a three justice panel, the lawyers presenting argument do not know the identity of the justices hearing the argument until the justices enter the courtroom.
Arguments are normally held each Wednesday beginning at 10:00 a.m. in Dover, the state capital. Occasionally, the Court will hear arguments in special locations, such as the Widener University School of Law. The Court has a courtroom in Wilmington, but it is rarely used.
History edit
The Court in its current form was established by means of a constitutional amendment in 1951. Before that, the Court had operated under the Delaware Constitution of 1897 as a unique "leftover-judge" system, wherein appeals were heard by a panel of three judges who were not involved in the matter on appeal from either the Superior Court or the Court of Chancery. In 1978, the Court's size was expanded from three to five. Prior to 1897, Delaware's highest court was the Court of Errors & Appeals, which operated under a similar "leftover-judge" system.
Notable cases edit
- Cheff v. Mathes (1964): The first time the Delaware Supreme Court addressed problems of board of directors conflict of interest in a takeover setting. In this case, the court applied intermediate scrutiny to the board of directors' decision to pay a bidder greenmail, stating that directors must have "reasonable grounds to believe a danger to corporate policy and effectiveness existed by [the bidder's] stock ownership. [D]irectors satisfy their burden by showing good faith and reasonable investigation[.]"
- Smith v. Van Gorkom (1985): Expanded the modern doctrine of the business judgment rule to include the duty of care, often called negligence. Under the general business judgment rule, a Delaware court will not second-guess the decisions of a board of directors absent a breach of one of three fiduciary duties: good faith, due care, or loyalty. A plaintiff may overcome the business judgment rule – and receive a more favorable level of scrutiny under the "entire fairness" standard – if the plaintiff can show that the directors' decision lacked any rational basis (sometimes called waste).
- Unocal v. Mesa Petroleum (1985): A board of directors may only try to prevent a take-over where it can be shown that there was a threat to corporate policy and the defensive measure adopted was proportional and reasonable given the nature of the threat.
- Revlon v. McAndrews & Forbes Holdings, Inc. (1986): If a company is up for sale, the board of directors has a duty to maximize the value of that sale for the shareholders' benefit.
- Mills Acquisition Co. v. Macmillan, Inc. (1989): A board of directors may refuse a takeover attempt without submitting the matter to a vote of shareholders.
- Paramount v. QVC (1993): If a board of directors is about to consider selling, dissolving, or transferring control of a corporation, they are prohibited from considering non-shareholder interests and have a duty to maximize shareholder value.
- John Doe No. 1 v. Cahill (2005): An anonymous blogger's IP address will not be revealed via a Doe subpoena directed to his or her Internet service provider in a defamation suit, unless the plaintiff has alleged facts sufficient to overcome summary judgment. This decision has the practical effect of prohibiting SLAPP suits or similar litigation designed to quell dissent or unpopular comment. Cahill was the first suit of its kind in the nation; amicus curiae briefs were filed on behalf of the anonymous blogger by the American Civil Liberties Union and the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
- Unitrin, Inc. v. American General Corp. (1995): Directors' power to block hostile takeovers
Composition edit
As outlined by Article IV of the Constitution of Delaware, Justices of the Supreme Court are appointed by the Governor of Delaware, subject to confirmation by the Delaware Senate and serve a term of office of 12 years. Additionally, like all the Courts of Delaware, the Supreme Court is subject to a "bare majority" partisanship rule, where no party can control more than three seats on the Supreme Court.
Current justices edit
As of 22 May 2023[update],
| Justice | Born | Joined | Term ends | Party affiliation | Appointed by | Law school |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Collins J. Seitz Jr., Chief Justice | September 14, 1957 | April 14, 2015 (as Associate Justice) November 8, 2019 (as Chief Justice) | 2031 | Democratic | John Carney (D) | Villanova |
| Karen L. Valihura[2] | May 16, 1963 | July 25, 2014 | 2026 | Republican[3] | Jack Markell (D) | Pennsylvania |
| Gary Traynor[4] | August 25, 1956 | July 5, 2017 | 2029 | Republican | John Carney (D) | Delaware |
| Abigail LeGrow | – | May 11, 2023 | 2035 | Democratic | John Carney (D) | Penn State |
| N. Christopher Griffiths | – | May 22, 2023 | 2035 | Democratic | John Carney (D) | Villanova |
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Thomas Lee Hazen and Jerry W. Markham, Corporations and Other Business Enterprises (2003) ISBN 0-314-26476-0
- ^ O'Sullivan, Sean (2014-07-26). "Valihura becomes second woman on Del. Supreme Court". Delaware Online. from the original on 2017-10-31. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
- ^ Milford, Maureen (June 6, 2014). "Markell names Supreme Court nominee". The News Journal.
- ^ Montgomery, William (2017-08-28). "The Honorable Gary F. Traynor takes the Oath of Office as a Justice of the Supreme Court". Delaware Courts. from the original on 2017-09-14. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
External links edit
- Supreme Court of Delaware
- Supreme Court Internal Operating Procedures
- "Delaware", Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School, OCLC 1078785565,
Court decisions freely available to the public online, in a consistent format, digitized from the collection of the Harvard Law Library