King Louis I of Hungary stayed in Transylvania for six months—from October to April—in 1366.[1] On 28 June 1366, while residing in Torda (present-day Turda), the monarch issued a decree at the request of the Transylvanian noblemen.[2] The latter had informed the King that they "have been suffering, day by day, many troubles because of the evil arts of many malefactors, especially Romanians, ...because of their way of being and their disorderly behaviour".[3][4] The royal decree granted special privileges to the Transylvanian noblemen "in order to exterminate or remove, from this country, malefactors belonging to any nation, especially Romanians".[4][5] For this purpose, the decree determines the rules of the legal procedure.[5] On 28 June 1366, while residing in the Transylvanian town of Torda (present-day Turda), Louis enacted a decree to reinforce law and order, regulating some areas of social and public life, administration, criminal law and judicial practice.
The conditions imposed by the decree for maintaining or acceding nobility (in particular, affiliation to the Roman Catholic Church and possession of a royal certificate of donation for the owned land) were to select and limit the noble class over a period of centuries, which in turn accelerated the decline of the Estate of Romanians (Universitas Valachorum).[6]
The decree takes an explicitly negative action against Romanians: propter presumptuosam astuciam diversorum malefactorum, specialiter Olachorum[1] in ipsa terra nostra existencium (…) ad exterminandum seu delendum in ipsa terra malefactores quarumlibet nacionum, signanter Olachorum[7] - because of the evil arts of many malefactors, especially Romanians, who live in that our country (…) to expel or to exterminate in this country malefactors belonging to any nation, especially Romanians.
This was the first time in Transylvania that discriminatory law enforcement along ethnic cleansing was legally codified.[6]
Historians have not reached a consensual view of the exact circumstances of the issuing of the decree and its main purpose.[8] István Petrovics writes that the mobile way of life of the increasing Romanian population caused their conflicts with the sedentary Hungarians.[9] According to Ioan-Aurel Pop, the decree shows the Romanians' "muted resistance" against the monarch and the noblemen who had attempted to deprive them of their property, especially their inherited estates.[10]
^ abPop I.-A., Nations and Denominations in Transylvania (13th - 16th Century) 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine In Tolerance and Intolerance in Historical Perspective, edited by Csaba Lévai et al., Edizioni PLUS, Università di Pisa, 2003, p. 111 – 125
^I. Dani, K. Gündish et al. (eds.) Documenta Romaniae Historica, vol. XIII, Transilvania (1366-1370), Editura Academiei Române, Bucharest 1994, p. 161-162
Makkai, László (1994). "The Emergence of the Estates (1172–1526)". In Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit (eds.). History of Transylvania. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 178–243. ISBN963-05-6703-2.
Petrovics, István (2009). "Foreign Ethnic Groups in the Towns of Southern Hungary in the Middle Ages". In Keene, Derek; Nagy, Balázs; Szende, Katalin (eds.). Segregation-Integration-Assimilation: Religious and Ethnic Groups in the Medieval Towns of Central and Eastern Europe. Ashgate. pp. 67–88. ISBN978-0-7546-6477-2.
Pop, Ioan-Aurel (2003). "Nations and Denominations in Transylvania (13th-14th Century)". In Lévai, Csaba; Vese, Vasile (eds.). Tolerance and Intolerance in Historical Perspective. Plus. pp. 111–123. ISBN88-8492-139-2.
Pop, Ioan-Aurel (2013). "De manibus Valachorum scismaticorum...": Romanians and Power in the Mediaeval Kingdom of Hungary: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. Peter Lang Edition. ISBN978-3-631-64866-7.
January 06, 2023
decree, turda, 14th, century, decree, louis, anjou, hungary, that, granted, special, privileges, transylvanian, noblemen, created28, june, 1366author, king, louis, hungarypurposedetermination, procedural, rulesbackground, editking, louis, hungary, stayed, tran. The Decree of Turda was a 14th century decree by Louis I Anjou of Hungary that granted special privileges to the Transylvanian noblemen Decree of TurdaCreated28 June 1366Author s King Louis I of HungaryPurposeDetermination of procedural rulesBackground EditKing Louis I of Hungary stayed in Transylvania for six months from October to April in 1366 1 On 28 June 1366 while residing in Torda present day Turda the monarch issued a decree at the request of the Transylvanian noblemen 2 The latter had informed the King that they have been suffering day by day many troubles because of the evil arts of many malefactors especially Romanians because of their way of being and their disorderly behaviour 3 4 The royal decree granted special privileges to the Transylvanian noblemen in order to exterminate or remove from this country malefactors belonging to any nation especially Romanians 4 5 For this purpose the decree determines the rules of the legal procedure 5 On 28 June 1366 while residing in the Transylvanian town of Torda present day Turda Louis enacted a decree to reinforce law and order regulating some areas of social and public life administration criminal law and judicial practice The conditions imposed by the decree for maintaining or acceding nobility in particular affiliation to the Roman Catholic Church and possession of a royal certificate of donation for the owned land were to select and limit the noble class over a period of centuries which in turn accelerated the decline of the Estate of Romanians Universitas Valachorum 6 The decree takes an explicitly negative action against Romanians propter presumptuosam astuciam diversorum malefactorum specialiter Olachorum 1 in ipsa terra nostra existencium ad exterminandum seu delendum in ipsa terra malefactores quarumlibet nacionum signanter Olachorum 7 because of the evil arts of many malefactors especially Romanians who live in that our country to expel or to exterminate in this country malefactors belonging to any nation especially Romanians This was the first time in Transylvania that discriminatory law enforcement along ethnic cleansing was legally codified 6 Historians have not reached a consensual view of the exact circumstances of the issuing of the decree and its main purpose 8 Istvan Petrovics writes that the mobile way of life of the increasing Romanian population caused their conflicts with the sedentary Hungarians 9 According to Ioan Aurel Pop the decree shows the Romanians muted resistance against the monarch and the noblemen who had attempted to deprive them of their property especially their inherited estates 10 Notes Edit Pop 2013 p 467 Pop 2013 p 458 Pop 2013 pp 458 459 a b Pop 2003 p 122 a b Pop 2013 p 459 a b Pop I A Nations and Denominations in Transylvania 13th 16th Century Archived 2011 07 18 at the Wayback Machine In Tolerance and Intolerance in Historical Perspective edited by Csaba Levai et al Edizioni PLUS Universita di Pisa 2003 p 111 125 I Dani K Gundish et al eds Documenta Romaniae Historica vol XIII Transilvania 1366 1370 Editura Academiei Romane Bucharest 1994 p 161 162 Pop 2013 p 461 Petrovics 2009 p 461 Pop 2013 pp 469 470 Sources EditMakkai Laszlo 1994 The Emergence of the Estates 1172 1526 In Kopeczi Bela Barta Gabor Bona Istvan Makkai Laszlo Szasz Zoltan Borus Judit eds History of Transylvania Akademiai Kiado pp 178 243 ISBN 963 05 6703 2 Petrovics Istvan 2009 Foreign Ethnic Groups in the Towns of Southern Hungary in the Middle Ages In Keene Derek Nagy Balazs Szende Katalin eds Segregation Integration Assimilation Religious and Ethnic Groups in the Medieval Towns of Central and Eastern Europe Ashgate pp 67 88 ISBN 978 0 7546 6477 2 Pop Ioan Aurel 2003 Nations and Denominations in Transylvania 13th 14th Century In Levai Csaba Vese Vasile eds Tolerance and Intolerance in Historical Perspective Plus pp 111 123 ISBN 88 8492 139 2 Pop Ioan Aurel 2013 De manibus Valachorum scismaticorum Romanians and Power in the Mediaeval Kingdom of Hungary The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries Peter Lang Edition ISBN 978 3 631 64866 7 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Decree of Turda amp oldid 1116953057, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
