The Daryal-type radar (Russian: Дарьял) (NATO: Pechora) is a Soviet bistaticearly-warning radar. It consists of two separate large active phased-array antennas separated by around 500 metres (1,640 ft) to 1.5 kilometres (4,921 ft). The transmitter array is 30 m × 40 m (98 ft × 131 ft) and the receiver is 80 m × 80 m (260 ft × 260 ft) in size. The system is a VHF system operating at a wavelength of 1.5 to 2 meters (150 to 200 MHz). Its initial transmit capacity was 50 MW with a target capacity of 350 MW.[3][failed verification]
The designer of the radars, RTI Mints, says that each Daryal receiver is 100 × 100m and has 4,000 cross dipoles. Each transmitter is 40 × 40m with 1,260 modules, each capable of 300 kW. They say the radar has a range of 6,000 km with targets between 0.1–0.12m2.[4][2]: 74 It can track 20 objects at the same time and can cope with four jamming sources.[2]: 74 The designer, Viktor Ivantsov, was awarded the title "Hero of Labour" for his work on the Daryal.[5]
The first Daryal type radar was an active electronically scanned array built at Olenegorsk in 1977. It was the receiver building only and was called a Daugava rather than a Daryal. It used the transmitter of the adjacent Dnestr-M radar. Following this two Daryal radars were constructed in Pechora (1983) and Qabala (1985). New Daryal-U radars were planned for Balkhash-9 near Sary Shagan in Kazakhstan, Mishelevka near Irkutsk and Yeniseysk-15 near Krasnoyarsk in Siberia. Two Daryal-UM systems were to be constructed in Skrunda, Latvia, and Mukachevo, Ukraine.[6][7][8]
Originally, at least seven Daryal facilities were planned, however, only the first two facilities completed, named Pechora and Gabala, were ever operational.
The American Clinton administration offered financial assistance in completing the Mishelevka facility in exchange for amending the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty to allow US deployment of a national missile defense system.[9] Russia rejected this proposal and in 2002 the US unilaterally withdrew from the ABM treaty. The Mukachevo one in Ukraine was never completed after the fall of the Soviet Union and the Skrunda facility was demolished by a newly independent Latvia, arranged by the US Department of Defence.[6][10] The Yeniseysk (Krasnoyarsk) Daryal-U site caused concern in the West over compliance with the ABM Treaty during its construction in the 1980s. Article VI(b) requires radars to be on the periphery of national territory and to face outwards and the Yeniseysk radar faced over Siberia. Following negotiations, in September 1989 the Soviets admitted it was a violation of the treaty, construction ceased and the facility was eventually dismantled.[6][8][11][12]
Variantsedit
The prototype Daryal receiver is called a Daugava (5U83) and works with a Dnestr-M transmitter. It is half the size of the Daryal receivers but has the same equipment and computer systems.[13]
The original Daryal (5N79) was improved by revisions Daryal-U (90N6) and Daryal-UM.[14][15] A Daryal-U had half the transmitters of a Daryal.[13] The Volga radar (70M6) is a Daryal-like radar operating on a decimeter wavelength (UHF) rather than the meter wavelength (VHF) of the Daryal. It was originally planned that there would be a number of these to complement the Daryal. The only Volga built is the one at Baranavichy which originally started in 1982, stopped in the early 1990s, restarted in 1999 and became operational in 2003.[6]
A US military artist's concept of a Daryal facility - transmitter on the left, receiver on the right
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Daryal radar.
^ abcРадиолокационная станция "Дарьял" [Radar Daryal] (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Defence. n.d. from the original on 2013-01-24. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
^ abcdeNikolai Spassky, ed. (2002). Encyclopedia "Russia's Arms and Technologies. The XXI Century Encyclopedia": Volume 5 — "Space weapons" (in English and Russian). Moscow: Publishing House "Arms and Technologies". ISBN978-5-93799-010-5.
^"Pechora LPAR - Daryal". GlobalSecurity.org. n.d. from the original on 2011-12-04. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
^ [Powerful radar early warning system and space surveillance] (in Russian). RTI Mints. n.d. Archived from the original on 2012-12-30. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
^ [History of RTI] (in Russian). RTI Mints. n.d. Archived from the original on 2012-01-08. Retrieved 2012-01-07.
^ abcdefPodvig, Pavel (2002). (PDF). Science and Global Security. 10 (1): 21–60. Bibcode:2002S&GS...10...21P. CiteSeerX10.1.1.692.6127. doi:10.1080/08929880212328. ISSN 0892-9882. S2CID 122901563. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-15.
^Bukharin, Oleg; Kadyshev, Timur; Miasnikov, Eugene; Podvig, Pavel; Sutyagin, Igor; Tarashenko, Maxim; Zhelezov, Boris (2001). Podvig, Pavel (ed.). Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN978-0-262-16202-9.
^ abKarpenko, A (1999). "ABM AND SPACE DEFENSE". Nevsky Bastion. 4: 2–47. from the original on 2013-01-28.
^"Mishelevka". GlobalSecurity.org. n.d. from the original on 2012-07-06. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
^ ab"LPAR facility". Controlled Demolition, Inc. from the original on 2012-10-14. Retrieved 2011-12-23.
^"Yeniseysk (Krasnoyarsk)". GlobalSecurity.org. n.d. from the original on 2012-05-23. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
^"TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS ON THE LIMITATION OF ANTI-BALLISTIC MISSILE SYSTEMS". 1972. from the original on 2011-10-21. Retrieved 2012-01-21.
^ abIlyin, A (June 2012). [Voronezh at the heart of Asia] (in Russian). Novosti Kosmonavtiki. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2012-10-13.
^O'Connor, Sean (2009). "Russian/Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems". Air Power Australia. p. 1. from the original on 2012-12-02. Retrieved 2012-01-07.
^Holm, Michael (2011). "1st Missile Attack Early Warning Division". Soviet Armed Forces 1945-1991. from the original on 2016-03-01. Retrieved 2012-01-07.
^Shko (2008). "Panoramio is no longer available" СПРН [SPRN (early warning)] (photograph) (in Russian). from the original on 2013-10-06. Retrieved 2012-01-08.
^SityShooter (2011). [Radar Dnestr-Dnepr-M] (photograph) (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
^Podvig, Pavel (December 10, 2012). "Russia suspended operations of the early-warning radar in Gabala". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. from the original on 2015-03-15. Retrieved 2015-01-14.
^Стоит в Печоре монолит [It is a monolith in Pechora] (Video) (in Russian). Волна-плюс [Volna-Plus]. 2005.
^Podvig, Pavel (2011-06-21). "Daryal-U radar in Mishelevka demolished". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. from the original on 2013-04-20. Retrieved 2012-01-30.
^Safiullin, Rakhim (2005-09-08). Пожар на сооружении №2, 17 сентября 2004 года [Fire in building number 2, September 17, 2004] (in Russian). from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
^Presenter: Игорь Воеводин [Igor Voevodin] (2011-03-21). "Разрушение Красноярской РЛС [The destruction of the Krasnoyarsk radar]". Ностальгия [Nostalgia] (in Russian). Pravda. from the original on 2011-11-12. Retrieved 2011-12-23.
^josef s (2007). "jenisseisk 15" (photograph). from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-05-01.
November 20, 2023
daryal, radar, daryal, type, radar, russian, Дарьял, nato, pechora, soviet, bistatic, early, warning, radar, consists, separate, large, active, phased, array, antennas, separated, around, metres, kilometres, transmitter, array, receiver, size, system, system, . The Daryal type radar Russian Daryal NATO Pechora is a Soviet bistatic early warning radar It consists of two separate large active phased array antennas separated by around 500 metres 1 640 ft to 1 5 kilometres 4 921 ft The transmitter array is 30 m 40 m 98 ft 131 ft and the receiver is 80 m 80 m 260 ft 260 ft in size The system is a VHF system operating at a wavelength of 1 5 to 2 meters 150 to 200 MHz Its initial transmit capacity was 50 MW with a target capacity of 350 MW 3 failed verification DaryalDaryal radar in PechoraCountry of originSoviet Union RussiaIntroduced1984No built8 planned 2 operationalTypeEarly warning radarFrequency150 200 MHz VHF RangeAround 6 000 kilometres 3 728 mi 1 2 74 DiameterTransmitter 30 40 mReceiver 80 80 mseparated by 0 5 1 5 kmAzimuth90 1 2 74 Elevation40 2 74 1 Other NamesNATO Pechora GRAU 5N79 90N6 The designer of the radars RTI Mints says that each Daryal receiver is 100 100 m and has 4 000 cross dipoles Each transmitter is 40 40 m with 1 260 modules each capable of 300 kW They say the radar has a range of 6 000 km with targets between 0 1 0 12 m2 4 2 74 It can track 20 objects at the same time and can cope with four jamming sources 2 74 The designer Viktor Ivantsov was awarded the title Hero of Labour for his work on the Daryal 5 The first Daryal type radar was an active electronically scanned array built at Olenegorsk in 1977 It was the receiver building only and was called a Daugava rather than a Daryal It used the transmitter of the adjacent Dnestr M radar Following this two Daryal radars were constructed in Pechora 1983 and Qabala 1985 New Daryal U radars were planned for Balkhash 9 near Sary Shagan in Kazakhstan Mishelevka near Irkutsk and Yeniseysk 15 near Krasnoyarsk in Siberia Two Daryal UM systems were to be constructed in Skrunda Latvia and Mukachevo Ukraine 6 7 8 Originally at least seven Daryal facilities were planned however only the first two facilities completed named Pechora and Gabala were ever operational The American Clinton administration offered financial assistance in completing the Mishelevka facility in exchange for amending the Anti Ballistic Missile Treaty to allow US deployment of a national missile defense system 9 Russia rejected this proposal and in 2002 the US unilaterally withdrew from the ABM treaty The Mukachevo one in Ukraine was never completed after the fall of the Soviet Union and the Skrunda facility was demolished by a newly independent Latvia arranged by the US Department of Defence 6 10 The Yeniseysk Krasnoyarsk Daryal U site caused concern in the West over compliance with the ABM Treaty during its construction in the 1980s Article VI b requires radars to be on the periphery of national territory and to face outwards and the Yeniseysk radar faced over Siberia Following negotiations in September 1989 the Soviets admitted it was a violation of the treaty construction ceased and the facility was eventually dismantled 6 8 11 12 Variants editThe prototype Daryal receiver is called a Daugava 5U83 and works with a Dnestr M transmitter It is half the size of the Daryal receivers but has the same equipment and computer systems 13 The original Daryal 5N79 was improved by revisions Daryal U 90N6 and Daryal UM 14 15 A Daryal U had half the transmitters of a Daryal 13 The Volga radar 70M6 is a Daryal like radar operating on a decimeter wavelength UHF rather than the meter wavelength VHF of the Daryal It was originally planned that there would be a number of these to complement the Daryal The only Volga built is the one at Baranavichy which originally started in 1982 stopped in the early 1990s restarted in 1999 and became operational in 2003 6 nbsp A US military artist s concept of a Daryal facility transmitter on the left receiver on the right nbsp Planned and operational Daryal radars nbsp Ruin of Daryal UM radar at Mukachevo Radar Station Ukraine 2003 Locations editDesignation Location Coordinates Azimuth 6 Type Built DetailsRO 1 Olenegorsk 1 Olenegorsk Kola Peninsula Russia 68 6 59 63 N 33 55 8 69 E 68 1165639 N 33 9190806 E 68 1165639 33 9190806 Olenegorsk Daugava radar receiver 308 Daugava 1975 1977 Uses the Dnestr M radar as transmitter 6 Operational 16 17 RO 2 Skrunda 1 Latvia 56 43 40 92 N 21 58 58 10 E 56 7280333 N 21 9828056 E 56 7280333 21 9828056 Skrunda Daryal radar receiver receiver 308 Daryal UM 1986 1991 Demolished 1995 10 Hantsavichy Radar Station often listed as Baranavichy Kleck 2 Belarus 52 49 59 95 N 26 28 31 83 E 52 8333194 N 26 4755083 E 52 8333194 26 4755083 Hantsavichy Volga radar transmitter transmitter52 51 41 98 N 26 28 2 88 E 52 8616611 N 26 4674667 E 52 8616611 26 4674667 Hantsavichy Volga radar receiver receiver 262 5 Volga 1986 2003 In operation RO 5 Mukachevo Radar Station Ukraine 48 23 6 56 N 22 48 1 72 E 48 3851556 N 22 8004778 E 48 3851556 22 8004778 Mukachevo Daryal radar transmitter transmitter48 23 18 41 N 22 47 37 71 E 48 3884472 N 22 7938083 E 48 3884472 22 7938083 Mukachevo Daryal radar receiver receiver 218 Daryal UM 1986 1991 Demolished 2011 RO 7 Gabala Radar Station Qabala Azerbaijan 40 52 16 62 N 47 48 32 25 E 40 8712833 N 47 8089583 E 40 8712833 47 8089583 Gabala Daryal radar transmitter transmitter40 52 4 54 N 47 47 44 60 E 40 8679278 N 47 7957222 E 40 8679278 47 7957222 Gabala Daryal radar receiver receiver 162 Daryal 1977 1985 Halted in 2012 18 RO 30 Pechora Radar Station Pechora Komi Republic Russia 65 12 36 59 N 57 17 43 38 E 65 2101639 N 57 2953833 E 65 2101639 57 2953833 Pechora Daryal radar transmitter transmitter65 12 36 55 N 57 16 34 68 E 65 2101528 N 57 2763000 E 65 2101528 57 2763000 Pechora Daryal radar receiver receiver 2 estimated Daryal 1975 1984 In operation 19 OS 1 Mishelevka Radar Station Usolye Sibirskoye Irkutsk Russia 52 51 20 11 N 103 13 53 94 E 52 8555861 N 103 2316500 E 52 8555861 103 2316500 Mishelevka Daryal radar transmitter transmitter52 51 42 02 N 103 14 20 49 E 52 8616722 N 103 2390250 E 52 8616722 103 2390250 Mishelevka Daryal radar receiver receiver 135 Daryal U 1979 1984 Demolished 2011 Replaced by a Voronezh radar 20 OS 2 Balkhash Radar Station Sary Shagan Kazakhstan 46 35 19 48 N 74 27 59 19 E 46 5887444 N 74 4664417 E 46 5887444 74 4664417 Balkhash Daryal radar transmitter transmitter46 36 2 70 N 74 29 51 67 E 46 6007500 N 74 4976861 E 46 6007500 74 4976861 Balkhash Daryal radar receiver receiver 152 estimated Daryal U 1984 1992 Receiver destroyed by fire 2004 21 ruined 2010 OS 3 Yeniseysk 15 Krasnoyarsk Russia 57 52 5 67 N 93 7 7 26 E 57 8682417 N 93 1186833 E 57 8682417 93 1186833 Yeniseysk Daryal radar transmitter transmitter57 52 24 22 N 93 6 28 09 E 57 8733944 N 93 1078028 E 57 8733944 93 1078028 Yeniseysk Daryal radar receiver receiver 40 estimated Daryal U 1983 1987 Halted in 1989 and dismantled 22 23 References editMap this section s coordinates using OpenStreetMapDownload coordinates as KML GPX all coordinates GPX primary coordinates GPX secondary coordinates nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Daryal radar a b c Radiolokacionnaya stanciya Daryal Radar Daryal in Russian Russian Ministry of Defence n d Archived from the original on 2013 01 24 Retrieved 2012 02 08 a b c d e Nikolai Spassky ed 2002 Encyclopedia Russia s Arms and Technologies The XXI Century Encyclopedia Volume 5 Space weapons in English and Russian Moscow Publishing House Arms and Technologies ISBN 978 5 93799 010 5 Pechora LPAR Daryal GlobalSecurity org n d Archived from the original on 2011 12 04 Retrieved 2011 12 22 Moshnye RLS dalnego obnaruzheniya RLS SPRN i SKKP Powerful radar early warning system and space surveillance in Russian RTI Mints n d Archived from the original on 2012 12 30 Retrieved 2012 01 30 Istoriya RTI History of RTI in Russian RTI Mints n d Archived from the original on 2012 01 08 Retrieved 2012 01 07 a b c d e f Podvig Pavel 2002 History and the Current Status of the Russian Early Warning System PDF Science and Global Security 10 1 21 60 Bibcode 2002S amp GS 10 21P CiteSeerX 10 1 1 692 6127 doi 10 1080 08929880212328 ISSN 0892 9882 S2CID 122901563 Archived from the original PDF on 2012 03 15 Bukharin Oleg Kadyshev Timur Miasnikov Eugene Podvig Pavel Sutyagin Igor Tarashenko Maxim Zhelezov Boris 2001 Podvig Pavel ed Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces Cambridge Massachusetts MIT Press ISBN 978 0 262 16202 9 a b Karpenko A 1999 ABM AND SPACE DEFENSE Nevsky Bastion 4 2 47 Archived from the original on 2013 01 28 Mishelevka GlobalSecurity org n d Archived from the original on 2012 07 06 Retrieved 2011 12 22 a b LPAR facility Controlled Demolition Inc Archived from the original on 2012 10 14 Retrieved 2011 12 23 Yeniseysk Krasnoyarsk GlobalSecurity org n d Archived from the original on 2012 05 23 Retrieved 2011 12 22 TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS ON THE LIMITATION OF ANTI BALLISTIC MISSILE SYSTEMS 1972 Archived from the original on 2011 10 21 Retrieved 2012 01 21 a b Ilyin A June 2012 Voronezh v serdce Azii Voronezh at the heart of Asia in Russian Novosti Kosmonavtiki Archived from the original on 2016 03 03 Retrieved 2012 10 13 O Connor Sean 2009 Russian Soviet Anti Ballistic Missile Systems Air Power Australia p 1 Archived from the original on 2012 12 02 Retrieved 2012 01 07 Holm Michael 2011 1st Missile Attack Early Warning Division Soviet Armed Forces 1945 1991 Archived from the original on 2016 03 01 Retrieved 2012 01 07 Shko 2008 Panoramio is no longer available SPRN SPRN early warning photograph in Russian Archived from the original on 2013 10 06 Retrieved 2012 01 08 SityShooter 2011 RLS Dnestr Dnepr M actually is Daugava left Radar Dnestr Dnepr M photograph in Russian Archived from the original on 2015 09 24 Retrieved 2012 01 29 Podvig Pavel December 10 2012 Russia suspended operations of the early warning radar in Gabala Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces Archived from the original on 2015 03 15 Retrieved 2015 01 14 Stoit v Pechore monolit It is a monolith in Pechora Video in Russian Volna plyus Volna Plus 2005 Podvig Pavel 2011 06 21 Daryal U radar in Mishelevka demolished Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces Archived from the original on 2013 04 20 Retrieved 2012 01 30 Safiullin Rakhim 2005 09 08 Pozhar na sooruzhenii 2 17 sentyabrya 2004 goda Fire in building number 2 September 17 2004 in Russian Archived from the original on 2012 04 26 Retrieved 2011 12 22 Presenter Igor Voevodin Igor Voevodin 2011 03 21 Razrushenie Krasnoyarskoj RLS The destruction of the Krasnoyarsk radar Nostalgiya Nostalgia in Russian Pravda Archived from the original on 2011 11 12 Retrieved 2011 12 23 josef s 2007 jenisseisk 15 photograph Archived from the original on 2016 03 04 Retrieved 2012 05 01 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Daryal radar amp oldid 1176942687, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
