The Blok DM-03 (Russian: Блок ДМ-03 meaning Block DM-03), GRAU index11S861-03, is a Russian upper stage used as an optional fourth stage on the Proton-M and Angara A5 heavy-lift rockets. Three have been launched, the first in December 2010;[2] the first two launches failed before fourth stage ignition, the first as a result of a problem with the Blok DM's fuel load.[3] Some versions are also known as Orion.[4]
Initial versions of the Blok DM-03 are powered by a single RD-58M engine, burning RG-1 and liquid oxygen. The last evolution is powered by the improved RD-58MF, a less powerful but more efficient evolution of the venerable engine. It can carry 25% more propellant than the Blok DM-2, which it replaced as a Proton upper stage for some government launches.[3] However most government launches and all commercial missions use the Briz-M instead. The payloads for the first two Blok DM-03 launches were groups of three Uragan-M satellites for the GLONASS programme, with further missions slated to carry three more Uragan-M satellites, and two Ekspress satellites on separate launches. The Blok DM can inject payloads into orbit more accurately than the Briz-M,[5] making it better suited for launching satellites such as the Uragan-M which lack apogee motors.
When production ended in 2012, five Blok DM-03 stages had been produced by RKK Energia, for use on Proton and potentially Zenit rockets.[3] A new version of the upper stage is expected to be introduced once the five launches are complete;[6] all five DM-03s have been slated for Proton launches between 2010 and 2015. During a November 2014 interview, Vladimir Kolmykov, the Deputy General Director of the Chemical Division of Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant, stated that the production of Block-DM was suspended during that year, but work on the stage and development of the RD-58MF resumed during 2015.[7]
The development for the 11S861-03 stage is covered under the Dvina-DM (Russian: Двина-ДМ) program. The specifications of this program (Technical requirements on development work «Modernization of the upper stage «DM» for the carrier rocket heavy class») defines three different evolutions of the 11S861-03 stage:[8]
11S861-03 Phase I Version 1: This version main task is the enlargement of the propellant tank with minimum modifications. The target performance metric is 3,000 kg (6,600 lb) to GEO and 5,500 kg (12,100 lb) to a 1,500 m/s (4,900 ft/s) GTO. Its improvements is:
Increase of tank size to 18.7 m (61 ft).
11S861-03 Phase I Version 2: This version will introduce general performance improvements. The target performance metric is 3,200 kg (7,100 lb) to GEO and 6,000 kg (13,000 lb) to a 1,500 m/s (4,900 ft/s) GTO. Its improvements are:
Replacement of the avionics and instrumentation enclosures.
The use of advanced control unit.
Replacement of the Navigation and Telemetry systems Chezara Kvant-VD (Russian: Чезара Квант-ВД).[9]
Adapted for using the Proton-M's fairing type 14S75 of 4,350 mm (171 in).
Structural improvements to reduce the dry weight.
11S861-03 Phase II: This change will finally apply the new propulsion unit: The target performance metric is 3,600 kg (7,900 lb) to GEO and 6,600 kg (14,600 lb) to a 1,500 m/s (4,900 ft/s) GTO. Its improvements are:
Switch engines to the 11D58MF.
Use the main engine for RCS and ullage.
Structural weight reduction.
In 2014 RSC Energia designated two versions: 14S48 Persei (Perseus) and 14S49, which incorporated most features of the proposed 11S861-03 Phase II, including the use of nontoxic propellants in auxiliary propulsion systems and new compact flight control system. The 14S48 will use an 11D58M engine, while the 14S49 will apply the new-generation 11D58MF engine.[10]
This variant Blok DM-03 is called Persei (Perseus) of version 14S48. This upper stage failed to restart for 2nd burn leaving upper stage & payload in LEO.
As of September 2015[update], 3 Proton-M/Blok DM-03 have been launched, of which 2 have failed. In the 2010 failure, the rocket was too heavy to reach orbit and reentered the atmosphere during a coast phase between the end of third stage flight and the beginning of the Blok DM-03's first burn, whilst the 2013 flight failed after the rocket went out of control seconds after liftoff.[13]
The first launch to use the Blok DM-03 was conducted on 5 December 2010, from Site 81/24 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. The rocket was expected to deploy three Uragan-M satellites for the GLONASS constellation, with the first three stages of the Proton placing the Blok DM and payload into low Earth orbit, and the Blok DM then propelling the satellites into their operational medium Earth orbits. During preparations for launch, the Blok DM-03 was fuelled using instructions intended for the Blok DM-2, which included an instruction to fill the tanks to 90% capacity.[3] Owing to the DM-03's larger tanks, this was more propellant than needed for the mission, and left the rocket too heavy to achieve orbit. The Blok DM, with payload still attached, reentered over the Pacific before the start of its scheduled first burn.[3] Following the failure, the Blok DM-03 was grounded for further tests, with a Proton-M/Briz-M and several smaller Soyuz-2 rockets being used for GLONASS launches over the next 30 months.[5]
The July 2013 flight, which marked the Blok DM-03's return to flight was another GLONASS launch, also conducted from Site 81/24, with liftoff occurring on time at 02:38:22 UTC. The rocket went off course almost immediately, before disintegrating. The payload fairing and upper stage were among the first parts of the rocket to detach. Debris fell around 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) from the launch pad, with the parts of the rocket still intact exploding upon impact. An investigation determined that three first stage yaw sensors had been installed backwards, resulting in the failure of the vehicle's guidance system.[13]
See alsoedit
Blok D – family of upper stages that this one belongs to.
Angara A5 – launch vehicle that will only use this stage when launched from Plesetsk Cosmodrome [18]
Footnotesedit
^ abAlthough the December 2010 launch failed before the Blok DM-03 was scheduled to perform its part of the flight, the stage's incorrect fuel load was discovered to have caused the failure
Referencesedit
^"Rocket Space Technology/Upper Stage". www.krasm.com (in Russian). JSC Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant. Retrieved 2015-06-10.
^Krebs, Gunter. "Blok-D". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
^ abcdeZak, Anatoly (28 June 2013). "Proton launches in 2010". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
^"Third time is a charm for Block DM-03". RussianSpaceWeb.
^ abcGraham, William (1 July 2013). "Russian Proton-M fails at launch and crashes into spaceport". NASASpaceflight.com. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
^Zak, Anatoly (1 July 2013). . RussianSpaceWeb. Archived from the original on 19 September 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
^ [2013-10-30 Requirements Dvina - DM number 0173100007013000128 on 2013-11-01]. Cipher ROC "Dvina-DM" (in Russian). Russian Federal Space Program: 5–6. 2013-10-30. Archived from the original (Docx) on 2020-08-04. Retrieved 2015-08-04.
^ [Devices and systems for rocket and space technology]. www.chezara.com (in Russian). PJSC "Chezara". Archived from the original on 2020-05-31. Retrieved 2015-08-04.
^. Russianspaceweb. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
^Krebs, Gunter. "Proton-M Blok-DM-03". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
^McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
^ abcZak, Anatoly (1 July 2013). . RussianSpaceWeb. Archived from the original on 12 August 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
^Zak, Anatoly (2015-09-15). . RussianSpaceWeb. Archived from the original on 2015-09-17. Retrieved 2015-09-16.
^Anatoly, Zak. "Spektr-RG lifts off". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
^Anatoly, Zak. "Proton launches Elektro-L3". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
^Mooney, Justin (5 February 2023). "Russian Elektro-L weather satellite launched on Proton-M". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
^Zak, Anatoly (2015-06-11). . RussianSpaceWeb.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2015-09-08.
January 01, 1970
blok, confused, with, blok, russian, Блок, ДМ, meaning, block, grau, index, 11s861, russian, upper, stage, used, optional, fourth, stage, proton, angara, heavy, lift, rockets, three, have, been, launched, first, december, 2010, first, launches, failed, before,. Not to be confused with Blok DM3 The Blok DM 03 Russian Blok DM 03 meaning Block DM 03 GRAU index 11S861 03 is a Russian upper stage used as an optional fourth stage on the Proton M and Angara A5 heavy lift rockets Three have been launched the first in December 2010 2 the first two launches failed before fourth stage ignition the first as a result of a problem with the Blok DM s fuel load 3 Some versions are also known as Orion 4 Blok DM 03ManufacturerRKK Energia JSC Krasnoyarsk Machine Building Plant since 1990 1 Country of originRussiaUsed onProton MAngara A5Associated stagesFamilyBlok DDerived fromBlok DM 2Blok DM SLComparableBriz MLaunch historyStatusActiveTotal launches8Successes stage only 6Failed2 note 1 Lower stagefailed1 note 1 First flight5 December 2010Last flight5 February 2023SpecificationsPowered byRD 58MFPropellantRP 1 LOX Initial versions of the Blok DM 03 are powered by a single RD 58M engine burning RG 1 and liquid oxygen The last evolution is powered by the improved RD 58MF a less powerful but more efficient evolution of the venerable engine It can carry 25 more propellant than the Blok DM 2 which it replaced as a Proton upper stage for some government launches 3 However most government launches and all commercial missions use the Briz M instead The payloads for the first two Blok DM 03 launches were groups of three Uragan M satellites for the GLONASS programme with further missions slated to carry three more Uragan M satellites and two Ekspress satellites on separate launches The Blok DM can inject payloads into orbit more accurately than the Briz M 5 making it better suited for launching satellites such as the Uragan M which lack apogee motors When production ended in 2012 five Blok DM 03 stages had been produced by RKK Energia for use on Proton and potentially Zenit rockets 3 A new version of the upper stage is expected to be introduced once the five launches are complete 6 all five DM 03s have been slated for Proton launches between 2010 and 2015 During a November 2014 interview Vladimir Kolmykov the Deputy General Director of the Chemical Division of Krasnoyarsk Machine Building Plant stated that the production of Block DM was suspended during that year but work on the stage and development of the RD 58MF resumed during 2015 7 Contents 1 Versions 2 Launches 3 Failures 4 See also 5 Footnotes 6 ReferencesVersions editThe development for the 11S861 03 stage is covered under the Dvina DM Russian Dvina DM program The specifications of this program Technical requirements on development work Modernization of the upper stage DM for the carrier rocket heavy class defines three different evolutions of the 11S861 03 stage 8 11S861 03 Phase I Version 1 This version main task is the enlargement of the propellant tank with minimum modifications The target performance metric is 3 000 kg 6 600 lb to GEO and 5 500 kg 12 100 lb to a 1 500 m s 4 900 ft s GTO Its improvements is Increase of tank size to 18 7 m 61 ft 11S861 03 Phase I Version 2 This version will introduce general performance improvements The target performance metric is 3 200 kg 7 100 lb to GEO and 6 000 kg 13 000 lb to a 1 500 m s 4 900 ft s GTO Its improvements are Replacement of the avionics and instrumentation enclosures The use of advanced control unit Replacement of the Navigation and Telemetry systems Chezara Kvant VD Russian Chezara Kvant VD 9 Adapted for using the Proton M s fairing type 14S75 of 4 350 mm 171 in Structural improvements to reduce the dry weight 11S861 03 Phase II This change will finally apply the new propulsion unit The target performance metric is 3 600 kg 7 900 lb to GEO and 6 600 kg 14 600 lb to a 1 500 m s 4 900 ft s GTO Its improvements are Switch engines to the 11D58MF Use the main engine for RCS and ullage Structural weight reduction In 2014 RSC Energia designated two versions 14S48 Persei Perseus and 14S49 which incorporated most features of the proposed 11S861 03 Phase II including the use of nontoxic propellants in auxiliary propulsion systems and new compact flight control system The 14S48 will use an 11D58M engine while the 14S49 will apply the new generation 11D58MF engine 10 Launches edits n Rocket Launch date Payload Outcome Remarks 1L Proton M 11 2010 12 05 10 25 19 UTC 12 Uragan M No 39 Uragan M No 40Uragan M No 41 Not fired Launch failure before Blok DM 03 ignition Blok DM 03 overfuelled leaving rocket too heavy to achieve parking orbit reentered before stage 4 ignition 2L 5 Proton M 2013 07 02 02 38 22 UTC 13 Uragan M No 48Uragan M No 49Uragan M No 50 Not fired Launch failure before Blok DM 03 ignition first stage guidance failure loss of control shortly after liftoff 5L Proton M 2015 09 14 19 00 UTC 14 Ekspress AM8 Successful 4L Proton M 2019 07 13 12 30 57 UTC 15 Spektr RG Successful 3L Proton M 2019 12 24 12 03 02 UTC 16 Elektro L 3 Successful 1L Angara A5 2021 12 28 19 00 00 UTC mass simulator MGM n 3 Not restarted This variant Blok DM 03 is called Persei Perseus of version 14S48 This upper stage failed to restart for 2nd burn leaving upper stage amp payload in LEO 6L Proton M 2022 10 12 15 00 00 UTC AngoSat 2 Successful 7L Proton M 2023 02 05 09 12 51 UTC 17 Elektro L 4 Successful 1TLI Angara A5 2024 04 11 09 00 00 UTC GMM KAGagarinetsDummy cubesat Successful This variant Blok DM 03 is called Orion Failures editAs of September 2015 update 3 Proton M Blok DM 03 have been launched of which 2 have failed In the 2010 failure the rocket was too heavy to reach orbit and reentered the atmosphere during a coast phase between the end of third stage flight and the beginning of the Blok DM 03 s first burn whilst the 2013 flight failed after the rocket went out of control seconds after liftoff 13 The first launch to use the Blok DM 03 was conducted on 5 December 2010 from Site 81 24 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome The rocket was expected to deploy three Uragan M satellites for the GLONASS constellation with the first three stages of the Proton placing the Blok DM and payload into low Earth orbit and the Blok DM then propelling the satellites into their operational medium Earth orbits During preparations for launch the Blok DM 03 was fuelled using instructions intended for the Blok DM 2 which included an instruction to fill the tanks to 90 capacity 3 Owing to the DM 03 s larger tanks this was more propellant than needed for the mission and left the rocket too heavy to achieve orbit The Blok DM with payload still attached reentered over the Pacific before the start of its scheduled first burn 3 Following the failure the Blok DM 03 was grounded for further tests with a Proton M Briz M and several smaller Soyuz 2 rockets being used for GLONASS launches over the next 30 months 5 The July 2013 flight which marked the Blok DM 03 s return to flight was another GLONASS launch also conducted from Site 81 24 with liftoff occurring on time at 02 38 22 UTC The rocket went off course almost immediately before disintegrating The payload fairing and upper stage were among the first parts of the rocket to detach Debris fell around 1 000 metres 3 300 ft from the launch pad with the parts of the rocket still intact exploding upon impact An investigation determined that three first stage yaw sensors had been installed backwards resulting in the failure of the vehicle s guidance system 13 See also editBlok D family of upper stages that this one belongs to Proton launch vehicle uses this stage Angara A5 launch vehicle that will only use this stage when launched from Plesetsk Cosmodrome 18 Footnotes edit a b Although the December 2010 launch failed before the Blok DM 03 was scheduled to perform its part of the flight the stage s incorrect fuel load was discovered to have caused the failureReferences edit Rocket Space Technology Upper Stage www krasm com in Russian JSC Krasnoyarsk Machine Building Plant Retrieved 2015 06 10 Krebs Gunter Blok D Gunter s Space Page Retrieved 26 July 2013 a b c d e Zak Anatoly 28 June 2013 Proton launches in 2010 RussianSpaceWeb Retrieved 26 July 2013 Third time is a charm for Block DM 03 RussianSpaceWeb a b c Graham William 1 July 2013 Russian Proton M fails at launch and crashes into spaceport NASASpaceflight com Retrieved 26 July 2013 Zak Anatoly 1 July 2013 Block D upper stage RussianSpaceWeb Archived from the original on 19 September 2007 Retrieved 26 July 2013 Galina Yakovleva 2014 11 10 Vladimir KolmyKoV Pered Krasmashem stoyat sereznye zadachi Vladimir Kolmykov Serious challenges ahead for Krasmash PDF Zhurnal Sineva Magazine Sineva in Russian 2014 Sineva 7 8 2 Retrieved 2015 08 03 13 10 30 Trebovaniya Dvina DM 0173100007013000128 ot 01 11 2013 2013 10 30 Requirements Dvina DM number 0173100007013000128 on 2013 11 01 Cipher ROC Dvina DM in Russian Russian Federal Space Program 5 6 2013 10 30 Archived from the original Docx on 2020 08 04 Retrieved 2015 08 04 Pribory i sistemy dlya raketno kosmicheskoj tehniki Devices and systems for rocket and space technology www chezara com in Russian PJSC Chezara Archived from the original on 2020 05 31 Retrieved 2015 08 04 Angara with Block DM Mixing the unmixable Russianspaceweb Archived from the original on 10 April 2016 Retrieved 7 March 2016 Krebs Gunter Proton M Blok DM 03 Gunter s Space Page Retrieved 26 July 2013 McDowell Jonathan Launch Log Jonathan s Space Page Retrieved 26 July 2013 a b c Zak Anatoly 1 July 2013 Proton accident with GLONASS satellites RussianSpaceWeb Archived from the original on 12 August 2015 Retrieved 26 July 2013 Zak Anatoly 2015 09 15 Ekspress AM8 communications satellite RussianSpaceWeb Archived from the original on 2015 09 17 Retrieved 2015 09 16 Anatoly Zak Spektr RG lifts off RussianSpaceWeb Retrieved 13 July 2019 Anatoly Zak Proton launches Elektro L3 RussianSpaceWeb Retrieved 25 December 2019 Mooney Justin 5 February 2023 Russian Elektro L weather satellite launched on Proton M NASASpaceFlight Retrieved 5 February 2023 Zak Anatoly 2015 06 11 Angara to replace Proton RussianSpaceWeb com Archived from the original on 2015 09 06 Retrieved 2015 09 08 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Blok DM 03 amp oldid 1219587745, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
