This genus was originally created by J. K. Frenkel in 1977. Its use was discontinued but was resurrected in 2005.[2] This genus currently includes species that have oocysts containing two sporocysts with four sporozoites in each without Stieda bodies. These species infect the enterocytes of mammals and are transmitted by the orofaecal route.
DNA analysis has shown that this genus belongs to the family Sarcocystidae.[3]
The type species of this genus is Cystoisospora felis.
Life cycleedit
This parasite has been isolated from dogs, cats and raccoons. C. belli has been isolated from immunosuppressed humans — particularly those with HIV infection.
These parasites normally infect the enterocytes of the small intestine and are spread by the orofaecal route. The definitive hosts are cats but other species including various species of rodents may be infected. No further development occurs in these paratenic hosts and the parasites remain dormant until ingested by a definitive host.
Epidemiologyedit
This genus has been recorded worldwide.[4]C. felis and C. rivolta occur in up to 40% of cats in some tropical countries.[5]
Clinicaledit
Clinical signs include watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever and weight loss. The diagnosis is made by microscopic examination of the stool. Distinguishing between the species of Cystoisospora is most easily done with PCR. This method can also be used to make the diagnosis.
Hygiene on the premises is important in prevention. Good litter tray hygiene is also critical in multi-cat households. Utensils, runs, cages and other implements should be steam-cleaned or washed in boiling water. Because of the importance of paratenic hosts such as cockroaches, insect control is critical.
Referencesedit
^"Cystoisospora". NCBI taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
^ abBarta, JR; Schrenzel, MD; Carreno, R; Rideout, BA (June 2005). "The genus Atoxoplasma (Garnham 1950) as a junior objective synonym of the genus Isospora (Schneider 1881) species infecting birds and resurrection of Cystoisospora (Frenkel 1977) as the correct genus for Isospora species infecting mammals". The Journal of Parasitology. 91 (3): 726–7. doi:10.1645/GE-3341.1. PMID 16108579.
^Samarasinghe, B; Johnson, J; Ryan, U (April 2008). "Phylogenetic analysis of Cystoisospora species at the rRNA ITS1 locus and development of a PCR-RFLP assay". Experimental Parasitology. 118 (4): 592–5. doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2007.10.015. PMID 18067892.
^Schuster, RK; Thomas, K; Sivakumar, S; O'Donovan, D (July 2009). "The parasite fauna of stray domestic cats (Felis catus) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates". Parasitology Research. 105 (1): 125–34. doi:10.1007/s00436-009-1372-6. PMID 19238440.
^Coelho, WM; do Amarante, AF; de Soutello, RV; Meireles, MV; Bresciani, KD (2009). "Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in fecal samples of cats in Andradina City, São Paulo". Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinaria (in Portuguese). 18 (2): 46–9. doi:10.4322/rbpv.01802010. hdl:11449/14788. PMID 19602317.
^Lloyd, S; Smith, J (21 April 2001). "Activity of toltrazuril and diclazuril against Isospora species in kittens and puppies". The Veterinary Record. 148 (16): 509–11. doi:10.1136/vr.148.16.509. PMID 11345994.
January 01, 1970
cystoisospora, genus, parasitic, alveolates, belonging, phylum, apicomplexa, strained, oocyst, belli, scientific, classification, domain, eukaryota, clade, diaphoretickes, clade, clade, alveolata, phylum, apicomplexa, class, conoidasida, order, eucoccidiorida,. Cystoisospora is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa Cystoisospora Strained oocyst of Cystoisospora belli Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Clade Diaphoretickes Clade SAR Clade Alveolata Phylum Apicomplexa Class Conoidasida Order Eucoccidiorida Family Sarcocystidae Genus CystoisosporaFrenkel 1977 Species 1 Cystoisospora belli Cystoisospora canis Cystoisospora felis Wenyon 1923 Cystoisospora ohioensis Cystoisospora suis Cystoisospora timoni Synonyms 2 Levineia Dubey 1977 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Life cycle 3 Epidemiology 4 Clinical 5 Prevention 6 ReferencesTaxonomy editThis genus was originally created by J K Frenkel in 1977 Its use was discontinued but was resurrected in 2005 2 This genus currently includes species that have oocysts containing two sporocysts with four sporozoites in each without Stieda bodies These species infect the enterocytes of mammals and are transmitted by the orofaecal route DNA analysis has shown that this genus belongs to the family Sarcocystidae 3 The type species of this genus is Cystoisospora felis Life cycle editThis parasite has been isolated from dogs cats and raccoons C belli has been isolated from immunosuppressed humans particularly those with HIV infection These parasites normally infect the enterocytes of the small intestine and are spread by the orofaecal route The definitive hosts are cats but other species including various species of rodents may be infected No further development occurs in these paratenic hosts and the parasites remain dormant until ingested by a definitive host Epidemiology editThis genus has been recorded worldwide 4 C felis and C rivolta occur in up to 40 of cats in some tropical countries 5 Clinical editClinical signs include watery diarrhea vomiting fever and weight loss The diagnosis is made by microscopic examination of the stool Distinguishing between the species of Cystoisospora is most easily done with PCR This method can also be used to make the diagnosis Treatment is based on trimethoprim sulfonamides with clindamycin or toltrazuril for resistant strains 6 Prevention editHygiene on the premises is important in prevention Good litter tray hygiene is also critical in multi cat households Utensils runs cages and other implements should be steam cleaned or washed in boiling water Because of the importance of paratenic hosts such as cockroaches insect control is critical References edit Cystoisospora NCBI taxonomy Bethesda MD National Center for Biotechnology Information Retrieved 16 January 2019 a b Barta JR Schrenzel MD Carreno R Rideout BA June 2005 The genus Atoxoplasma Garnham 1950 as a junior objective synonym of the genus Isospora Schneider 1881 species infecting birds and resurrection of Cystoisospora Frenkel 1977 as the correct genus for Isospora species infecting mammals The Journal of Parasitology 91 3 726 7 doi 10 1645 GE 3341 1 PMID 16108579 Samarasinghe B Johnson J Ryan U April 2008 Phylogenetic analysis of Cystoisospora species at the rRNA ITS1 locus and development of a PCR RFLP assay Experimental Parasitology 118 4 592 5 doi 10 1016 j exppara 2007 10 015 PMID 18067892 Schuster RK Thomas K Sivakumar S O Donovan D July 2009 The parasite fauna of stray domestic cats Felis catus in Dubai United Arab Emirates Parasitology Research 105 1 125 34 doi 10 1007 s00436 009 1372 6 PMID 19238440 Coelho WM do Amarante AF de Soutello RV Meireles MV Bresciani KD 2009 Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in fecal samples of cats in Andradina City Sao Paulo Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinaria in Portuguese 18 2 46 9 doi 10 4322 rbpv 01802010 hdl 11449 14788 PMID 19602317 nbsp Lloyd S Smith J 21 April 2001 Activity of toltrazuril and diclazuril against Isospora species in kittens and puppies The Veterinary Record 148 16 509 11 doi 10 1136 vr 148 16 509 PMID 11345994 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cystoisospora amp oldid 1170918182, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
