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Cosquer Cave

January 01, 1970

The Cosquer Cave is located in the Calanque de Morgiou in Marseille, France, near Cap Morgiou. The entrance to the cave is located 37 m (121 ft) underwater, due to the Holocene sea level rise. The cave contains various prehistoric rock art engravings. Its submarine entrance was discovered in 1985 by Henri Cosquer, a professional diver. The underwater passage leading to the cave was progressively explored until 1990 by cave divers without the divers being aware of the archaeological character of the cave. It is only in the last period (1990–1991) of the progressive underwater explorations that the cave divers emerged in the non-submerged part of the cave. The prehistoric paintings were not immediately discovered by the divers to first emerge from the other side of the sump. The cave was named after Henri Cosquer, when its existence was made public in 1991, after three divers became lost in the cave and died.[1]

Cosquer Cave
cross section with entrance tunnel and current sea level
Location in France
Cosquer Cave (France)
LocationCalanque de Morgiou in Marseille
RegionMidi, France
Coordinates43°12′10″N 5°26′57″E / 43.20278°N 5.44917°E / 43.20278; 5.44917
Site notes
Excavation dates1991
ArchaeologistsHenri Cosquer

Description edit

The cave can now be accessed by divers through a 175 m (574 ft) long tunnel; the entrance is located 37 m (121 ft) below sea level, which has risen since the cave was inhabited. During the glacial periods of the Pleistocene, the shore of the Mediterranean was several kilometers to the south and the sea level up to 100 m (330 ft) below the entrance of the cave.[2][3]

Discovery and history edit

 
The horse panel of the Cosquer cave

Henri Cosquer, a professional diver in Cassis, located the drowned entrance to the cave which had been indicated to him by a diver friend in 1985.[4] That same year, he progressively explored the submersed gallery alone and then with a friend and diving instructor from his club until he reached the "stratum" (the part where the gallery narrows and turns 90° to open into the underground lake). Cosquer returned alone once in 1985 and discovered the underground lake, but a lamp breakdown forced him to retreat, and he was left with a good scare. In June 1990, Cosquer asked for the help of two Belgian cave divers, the brothers Bernard and Marc Van Espen, who had come to dive in Cassis. Following Cosquer's instructions, the two brothers found the entrance of the gallery at -37 metres at the foot of the Pointe de la Voile, near Cap Morgiou. They followed the ascending gallery, swimming slowly and carefully near the ceiling of the gallery to avoid lifting the particles of silt and fine clay sediments covering the floor in order to not compromise the underwater visibility (to avoid silt out). They arrived at the underground lake topped by the air bell seen by Cosquer in 1985. Their guide line being too short, the brothers were forced to turn back in order to exit safely by following their guide line towards the entrance of the gallery without being able to emerge in the bell.[5] At this stage, the non-submerged part of the cave had still not been explored.

In June 1991, Marc Van Espen returned to Cassis. On June 24, he dove again with Henri Cosquer, both of them determined to finally go to the end of this cave. On this occasion, Marc Van Espen achieved the installation of the last section of the guide line essential to the safety for progression into the immersed part of the cave.[6][7] Their incursion into the cave only lasted about thirty minutes and only allowed them to briefly explore the first room to which the sump gives direct access.

A few days later, on July 9, 1991, Cosquer decided to explore the cave to estimate its extent with his friends and instructors of his diving club: Cendrine Cosquer (his niece), Yann Gogan and Pascale Oriol.[5] During this dive, they conducted a more detailed exploration of the unflooded part of the cave. Gogan saw the outline of a hand on a wall, and Oriol hypothesized it was a cave painting.[5] This discovery, as disconcerting as it was unexpected, prompted the four divers to return and actively search for other traces. Several dives in July and August 1991 enabled them to discover cave paintings and to make films and photos with the help of Thierry Pelissier and Gilles Sourice (Fanny Broadcast – Les films du soleil).[8][9][10]

On September 1, 1991, three accidental fatalities occurred in the cave. Three divers from Grenoble did not find the exit of the access gallery (175 m). Henri and Yann participated in the recovery of the bodies of the three victims in the gallery.[11] Two days later, on 3 September 1991, Henri declared the cave to the Maritime Affairs Department in Marseille.[12]

The file was transmitted to the Direction des recherches archéologiques sous-marines (DRASM) and then to the Service régional de l'archéologie (Regional Archaeological Service) under the Ministry of Culture.[13][12]

An expertise took place from 18 to 20 September 1991, with the assistance of the DRASM vessel, the Archéonaute. It was conducted by Jean Courtin, a French prehistorian and experienced diver, and Jean Clottes, a French specialist in cave art.

When the discovery was announced, doubts were raised about the authenticity of the figures. Various French prehistorians, such as Brigitte and Gilles Delluc or Denis Vialou, expressed reservations.[13]

In June 1992, a new mission allowed, among other things, the shooting of a film, "The Secret of the Cosquer Cave".[14]

From 2001 to 2005, five programmed archaeological research operations were organised under the responsibility of Luc Vanrell (IMMADRAS (Société de travaux sous marins) / DRAC PACA / LAMPEA (LAboratoire Méditerranéen de Préhistoire Europe Afrique)), then five others from 2010 to 2015 (no operation in 2012) under the same direction, with the collaboration of Michel Olive (DRAC PACA / LAMPEA).

The Ministry of Culture and Henri Cosquer are involved in a dispute, which is based on the law on preventive archaeology of 17 January 2001, which grants the inventor compensation – a lump-sum payment or a 30-year profit-sharing scheme – paid by the operator on the basis of the evaluation of the archaeological interest of the cave.[15] Henri Cosquer also claimed a reward and the recovery of part of the proceeds from the sale of books of photographs of the cave.[16]

Prehistoric paintings edit

 
Stencil of human hand, Cosquer Cave, 27,000 years B.P.

Four-fifths of the cave were permanently or periodically submerged by sea water destroying any cave wall art in those locations. Nearly 500 instances of cave art remain[17] which date back to two distinct periods during the Upper Paleolithic.[18] The first phase, from around 27,000 years BP (the Gravettian Era), is represented by art consisting of 65 hand stencils, 44 in black and 21 in red. Art from the more recent period dates to 19,000 years BP (the Solutrean Era) and features much more complex depictions of various animals and human figures. In total there are 177 animals drawings found in the cave; these include 63 horses, 28 ibex, 17 deer, 10 bison, and 7 aurochs. There is also the more unusual depiction of 16 marine animals including 9 seals and 3 great auks as well as some jellyfish and various figures which could be either fish or cetaceans. Of the human figures there are numerous sexual symbols but also one example of "the killed man" motif which can be seen in other caves such as at Lascaux.[17][19][20]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Cave Art Paintings of the Cosquer Cave". bradshawfoundation.com. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  2. ^ Billaud, Yves (2017). Chapter 12 Western Mediterranean: Annex. Submerged Karst Structures of the French Mediterranean Coast: An Assessment. pp. 333–340. In: Submerged Landscapes of the European Continental Shelf: Quaternary Paleoenvironments. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-92213-2.
  3. ^ Nicholas C. Flemming; Jan Harff; Delminda Moura; Anthony Burgess; Geoffrey N. Bailey (7 August 2017). Submerged Landscapes of the European Continental Shelf: Quaternary Paleoenvironments. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 333–340. ISBN 978-1-118-92213-2.
  4. ^ Herbaux, François (2005). Nos ancètres du midi – Enquêtes sur la préhistoire de Sigean à Menton [Our ancestors of the south – Investigations into prehistory from Sigean to Menton]. Éditions Jeanne Laffitte. See 7. Morgiou, 127–144.
  5. ^ a b c Mildonian, Laurence; U., F. (16 September 2022). "Vidéo : 30 ans après, les oubliés de la grotte Cosquer se retrouvent à Marseille" [Video: 30 years later, the forgotten of the Cosquer cave find themselves in Marseille]. LaProvence.com (in French). Retrieved 19 October 2022. Pascale Oriol, Yann Gogan, Cendrine Cosquer et Marc Van Espen se sont retrouvés à Marseille, plus de trente ans après la découverte de la grotte Cosquer. [Pascale Oriol, Yann Gogan, Cendrine Cosquer and Marc Van Espen met in Marseille, more than thirty years after the discovery of the Cosquer cave.]
  6. ^ Van Espen, Marc (1992). "Hippocampe, revue officielle de la LIFRAS, n° 137" [Hippocampe, official journal of LIFRAS, n° 137]. lifras.be (in French). Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  7. ^ Lima, Pedro (2022). "L'incroyable destin de la grotte Cosquer" [The incredible destiny of the Cosquer cave]. FFESSM.fr. Fédération Française d'Études et de Sports Sous-Marins. Retrieved 2022-08-30.
  8. ^ Cosquer, Henri; Fettu, Valérie; Franco, Bernard (1993). La Grotte Cosquer. Plongée dans la Préhistoire [The Cosquer Cave. Dive into prehistory]. Paris: Solar. ISBN 978-2-263-01943-2.
  9. ^ Van Espen, Bernard; Van Espen, Marc (23 June 2001). "La grotte Cosquer" [The Cosquer Cave]. grottocenter.org. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  10. ^ Mildonian, Laurence (2022-09-03). "Marseille : ils sont les oubliés de la grotte Cosquer" [Marseille: they are the forgotten ones of the Cosquer cave]. LaProvence.com. Retrieved 2022-09-04.
  11. ^ Gobillot, Gilles (2006-05-21). "La grotte de la Triperie" [The cave of the Triperie]. ASCEA Cadarache section Plongée (in French). Retrieved 2022-08-24.
  12. ^ a b Jean Clottes; Jean Courtin; Luc Vanrell (2007). "La grotte Cosquer à Marseille" [The Cosquer Cave in Marseille]. Les dossiers d'archéologie (in French). 324 (Grottes ornées en France): 38–45.
  13. ^ a b Clottes, Jean; Beltrán, A.; Courtin, Jean; Cosquer, Henri (1992). "La Grotte Cosquer (Cap Morgiou, Marseille)" [The Cosquer Cave (Cap Morgiou, Marseille)] (sur persee). Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française (in French). 89 (4): 98–128.
  14. ^ Bernard Rebatel et Gilles Sourice (realisators), Fanny Broadcast (producer) (1992). Le Secret de la grotte Cosquer (durée : 26 min) [The Secret of the Cosquer Cave (duration: 26 min)] (Motion picture) (in French).
  15. ^ "L'indemnisation d'Henri Cosquer pour sa découverte est contestée" [Henri Cosquer's compensation for his discovery is disputed]. LaProvence.com (in French). AFP. 16 November 2009. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  16. ^ "Henri Cosquer pourra être indemnisé" [Henri Cosquer may be compensated]. 20minutes.fr (in French). 15 April 2007. Retrieved 12 November 2022.
  17. ^ a b "Grotte Cosquer : interview d'un expert avec Jean Courtin". Ma Région Sud (in French). Retrieved 2022-10-24. ...[E]lle comprend plus de 400 œuvres d'art pariétal exceptionnelles, dont 216 signes, des représentations uniques d'animaux marins tels que les pingouins, les phoques, les méduses, mais aussi de nombreux chevaux, bisons et aurochs. Les parois sont également recouvertes de représentations humaines rares dont « l'homme tué » et des symboles sexuels, des tracés digitaux sur des portions entières de voûtes, réalisations picturales avec des outils, en tout près de 500 représentations peintes et gravées par la main de l'homme.
  18. ^ Clottes, Jean; Courtin, Jean; Valladas, Hélène; et al. (1992). "La grotte Cosquer datée". Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française. 89 (8): 230–234. doi:10.3406/bspf.1992.9527.
  19. ^ "La grotte Cosquer à Marseille | Dossiers d'Archéologie n° 324". dossiers-archeologie.com. Retrieved 2022-10-24.
  20. ^ "The Cave Paintings of the Cosquer Cave in France". bradshawfoundation.com.

Further reading edit

  • Clottes, Jean; Courtin, Jean (1994). La grotte Cosquer, Seuil, ISBN 2-02-019820-7 (French)
  • Clottes, Jean; Courtin, Jean (1996). The Cave Beneath the Sea: Paleolithic Images at Cosquer. Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York ISBN 0-8109-4033-7 English translation by Marilyn Garner from the French edition
  • Clottes, Jean; Courtin, Jean; Vanrell, Luc (2005). Cosquer redécouvert, Seuil, ISBN 2-02-065550-0 (French)
  • Billaud, Yves (2017). Chapter 12 Western Mediterranean: Annex. Submerged Karst Structures of the French Mediterranean Coast: An Assessment. pp. 333–340. In: Submerged Landscapes of the European Continental Shelf: Quaternary Paleoenvironments. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-92213-2.
  • Nicholas C. Flemming; Jan Harff; Delminda Moura; Anthony Burgess; Geoffrey N. Bailey (7 August 2017). Submerged Landscapes of the European Continental Shelf: Quaternary Paleoenvironments. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 333–340. ISBN 978-1-118-92213-2.
  • Perucca, Brigitte (3 June 2022). "Les mystères de la grotte Cosquer" [The mysteries of the Cosquer cave]. CNRS Le journal (in French). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  • Perucca, Brigitte (22 July 2022). "The mysteries of the Cosquer cave". CNRS News. Retrieved 19 October 2022. As the replica of the Cosquer cave opens its doors to the public in Marseille (southeastern France), Cyril Montoya, the cave's scientific director, tells us about this marvel of prehistory, which is endangered by rising sea levels, and details the many mysteries that a major research campaign will attempt to solve.
  • Mildonian, Laurence; U., F. (16 September 2022). "Vidéo : 30 ans après, les oubliés de la grotte Cosquer se retrouvent à Marseille" [Video: 30 years later, the forgotten of the Cosquer cave find themselves in Marseille]. LaProvence.com (in French). Retrieved 19 October 2022. Pascale Oriol, Yann Gogan, Cendrine Cosquer et Marc Van Espen se sont retrouvés à Marseille, plus de trente ans après la découverte de la grotte Cosquer. [Pascale Oriol, Yann Gogan, Cendrine Cosquer and Marc Van Espen met in Marseille, more than thirty years after the discovery of the Cosquer cave.]
  • Mildonian, Laurence (20 September 2022). "Vidéo : les oubliés de la grotte Cosquer enfin réunis à Marseille" [Video: the forgotten of the Cosquer cave finally reunited in Marseille]. LaProvence.com (in French). Retrieved 19 October 2022. Trente-et-un ans après la découverte de la grotte à laquelle ils ont pris part, ceux dont l'histoire a effacé les noms se sont enfin retrouvés à Marseille. Rencontre avec Pascale Oriol, Marc Van Espen, Cendrine Cosquer et Yann Gogan [Thirty-one years after the discovery of the cave in which they took part, those whose names history has erased have finally found themselves in Marseille. Meeting with Pascale Oriol, Marc Van Espen, Cendrine Cosquer and Yann Gogan]
  • Van Espen, Marc (2023). "31 ans après, la grotte Cosquer est sortie de l'eau" [31 years later, the Cosquer cave came out of the water]. Regards. Revue de l'Union Belge de Spéléologie (in French). 93. Union Belge de Spéléologie: 40–43.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cosquer Cave.
  • Cosquer’s Cave Grotto Cosquer
  • Prehistory and coastal karst area: Cosquer Cave and the “Calanques” of Marseille 2011-09-28 at the Wayback Machine
  • Official French Ministry of Culture pages on Submarine archaeology
  • French Ministry of Culture (2022). "Cosquer cave | Archéologie sous-marine". archeologie.culture.gouv.fr. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  • The Cosquer Cave Prehistoric Images and Medicines Under the Sea by Jean Clottes, Jean Courtin and Luc Vanrell
  • Replica of the cave in Marseille.

January 01, 1970
cosquer, cave, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, french, september, 2022, click, show, important, translation, instructions, view, machine, translated, version, french, article, machine, translation, like, deepl. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French September 2022 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the French article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 6 178 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at fr Grotte Cosquer see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated fr Grotte Cosquer to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Cosquer Cave is located in the Calanque de Morgiou in Marseille France near Cap Morgiou The entrance to the cave is located 37 m 121 ft underwater due to the Holocene sea level rise The cave contains various prehistoric rock art engravings Its submarine entrance was discovered in 1985 by Henri Cosquer a professional diver The underwater passage leading to the cave was progressively explored until 1990 by cave divers without the divers being aware of the archaeological character of the cave It is only in the last period 1990 1991 of the progressive underwater explorations that the cave divers emerged in the non submerged part of the cave The prehistoric paintings were not immediately discovered by the divers to first emerge from the other side of the sump The cave was named after Henri Cosquer when its existence was made public in 1991 after three divers became lost in the cave and died 1 Cosquer Cavecross section with entrance tunnel and current sea levelLocation in FranceShow map of Provence Alpes Cote d AzurCosquer Cave France Show map of FranceLocationCalanque de Morgiou in MarseilleRegionMidi FranceCoordinates43 12 10 N 5 26 57 E 43 20278 N 5 44917 E 43 20278 5 44917Site notesExcavation dates1991ArchaeologistsHenri Cosquer Contents 1 Description 2 Discovery and history 3 Prehistoric paintings 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksDescription editThe cave can now be accessed by divers through a 175 m 574 ft long tunnel the entrance is located 37 m 121 ft below sea level which has risen since the cave was inhabited During the glacial periods of the Pleistocene the shore of the Mediterranean was several kilometers to the south and the sea level up to 100 m 330 ft below the entrance of the cave 2 3 Discovery and history edit nbsp The horse panel of the Cosquer cave Henri Cosquer a professional diver in Cassis located the drowned entrance to the cave which had been indicated to him by a diver friend in 1985 4 That same year he progressively explored the submersed gallery alone and then with a friend and diving instructor from his club until he reached the stratum the part where the gallery narrows and turns 90 to open into the underground lake Cosquer returned alone once in 1985 and discovered the underground lake but a lamp breakdown forced him to retreat and he was left with a good scare In June 1990 Cosquer asked for the help of two Belgian cave divers the brothers Bernard and Marc Van Espen who had come to dive in Cassis Following Cosquer s instructions the two brothers found the entrance of the gallery at 37 metres at the foot of the Pointe de la Voile near Cap Morgiou They followed the ascending gallery swimming slowly and carefully near the ceiling of the gallery to avoid lifting the particles of silt and fine clay sediments covering the floor in order to not compromise the underwater visibility to avoid silt out They arrived at the underground lake topped by the air bell seen by Cosquer in 1985 Their guide line being too short the brothers were forced to turn back in order to exit safely by following their guide line towards the entrance of the gallery without being able to emerge in the bell 5 At this stage the non submerged part of the cave had still not been explored In June 1991 Marc Van Espen returned to Cassis On June 24 he dove again with Henri Cosquer both of them determined to finally go to the end of this cave On this occasion Marc Van Espen achieved the installation of the last section of the guide line essential to the safety for progression into the immersed part of the cave 6 7 Their incursion into the cave only lasted about thirty minutes and only allowed them to briefly explore the first room to which the sump gives direct access A few days later on July 9 1991 Cosquer decided to explore the cave to estimate its extent with his friends and instructors of his diving club Cendrine Cosquer his niece Yann Gogan and Pascale Oriol 5 During this dive they conducted a more detailed exploration of the unflooded part of the cave Gogan saw the outline of a hand on a wall and Oriol hypothesized it was a cave painting 5 This discovery as disconcerting as it was unexpected prompted the four divers to return and actively search for other traces Several dives in July and August 1991 enabled them to discover cave paintings and to make films and photos with the help of Thierry Pelissier and Gilles Sourice Fanny Broadcast Les films du soleil 8 9 10 On September 1 1991 three accidental fatalities occurred in the cave Three divers from Grenoble did not find the exit of the access gallery 175 m Henri and Yann participated in the recovery of the bodies of the three victims in the gallery 11 Two days later on 3 September 1991 Henri declared the cave to the Maritime Affairs Department in Marseille 12 The file was transmitted to the Direction des recherches archeologiques sous marines DRASM and then to the Service regional de l archeologie Regional Archaeological Service under the Ministry of Culture 13 12 An expertise took place from 18 to 20 September 1991 with the assistance of the DRASM vessel the Archeonaute It was conducted by Jean Courtin a French prehistorian and experienced diver and Jean Clottes a French specialist in cave art When the discovery was announced doubts were raised about the authenticity of the figures Various French prehistorians such as Brigitte and Gilles Delluc or Denis Vialou expressed reservations 13 In June 1992 a new mission allowed among other things the shooting of a film The Secret of the Cosquer Cave 14 From 2001 to 2005 five programmed archaeological research operations were organised under the responsibility of Luc Vanrell IMMADRAS Societe de travaux sous marins DRAC PACA LAMPEA LAboratoire Mediterraneen de Prehistoire Europe Afrique then five others from 2010 to 2015 no operation in 2012 under the same direction with the collaboration of Michel Olive DRAC PACA LAMPEA The Ministry of Culture and Henri Cosquer are involved in a dispute which is based on the law on preventive archaeology of 17 January 2001 which grants the inventor compensation a lump sum payment or a 30 year profit sharing scheme paid by the operator on the basis of the evaluation of the archaeological interest of the cave 15 Henri Cosquer also claimed a reward and the recovery of part of the proceeds from the sale of books of photographs of the cave 16 Prehistoric paintings edit nbsp Stencil of human hand Cosquer Cave 27 000 years B P Four fifths of the cave were permanently or periodically submerged by sea water destroying any cave wall art in those locations Nearly 500 instances of cave art remain 17 which date back to two distinct periods during the Upper Paleolithic 18 The first phase from around 27 000 years BP the Gravettian Era is represented by art consisting of 65 hand stencils 44 in black and 21 in red Art from the more recent period dates to 19 000 years BP the Solutrean Era and features much more complex depictions of various animals and human figures In total there are 177 animals drawings found in the cave these include 63 horses 28 ibex 17 deer 10 bison and 7 aurochs There is also the more unusual depiction of 16 marine animals including 9 seals and 3 great auks as well as some jellyfish and various figures which could be either fish or cetaceans Of the human figures there are numerous sexual symbols but also one example of the killed man motif which can be seen in other caves such as at Lascaux 17 19 20 See also editList of Stone Age art Great auk in cave art References edit Cave Art Paintings of the Cosquer Cave bradshawfoundation com Retrieved January 24 2017 Billaud Yves 2017 Chapter 12 Western Mediterranean Annex Submerged Karst Structures of the French Mediterranean Coast An Assessment pp 333 340 In Submerged Landscapes of the European Continental Shelf Quaternary Paleoenvironments John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 1 118 92213 2 Nicholas C Flemming Jan Harff Delminda Moura Anthony Burgess Geoffrey N Bailey 7 August 2017 Submerged Landscapes of the European Continental Shelf Quaternary Paleoenvironments John Wiley amp Sons pp 333 340 ISBN 978 1 118 92213 2 Herbaux Francois 2005 Nos ancetres du midi Enquetes sur la prehistoire de Sigean a Menton Our ancestors of the south Investigations into prehistory from Sigean to Menton Editions Jeanne Laffitte See 7 Morgiou 127 144 a b c Mildonian Laurence U F 16 September 2022 Video 30 ans apres les oublies de la grotte Cosquer se retrouvent a Marseille Video 30 years later the forgotten of the Cosquer cave find themselves in Marseille LaProvence com in French Retrieved 19 October 2022 Pascale Oriol Yann Gogan Cendrine Cosquer et Marc Van Espen se sont retrouves a Marseille plus de trente ans apres la decouverte de la grotte Cosquer Pascale Oriol Yann Gogan Cendrine Cosquer and Marc Van Espen met in Marseille more than thirty years after the discovery of the Cosquer cave Van Espen Marc 1992 Hippocampe revue officielle de la LIFRAS n 137 Hippocampe official journal of LIFRAS n 137 lifras be in French Retrieved 6 September 2022 Lima Pedro 2022 L incroyable destin de la grotte Cosquer The incredible destiny of the Cosquer cave FFESSM fr Federation Francaise d Etudes et de Sports Sous Marins Retrieved 2022 08 30 Cosquer Henri Fettu Valerie Franco Bernard 1993 La Grotte Cosquer Plongee dans la Prehistoire The Cosquer Cave Dive into prehistory Paris Solar ISBN 978 2 263 01943 2 Van Espen Bernard Van Espen Marc 23 June 2001 La grotte Cosquer The Cosquer Cave grottocenter org Retrieved 8 June 2022 Mildonian Laurence 2022 09 03 Marseille ils sont les oublies de la grotte Cosquer Marseille they are the forgotten ones of the Cosquer cave LaProvence com Retrieved 2022 09 04 Gobillot Gilles 2006 05 21 La grotte de la Triperie The cave of the Triperie ASCEA Cadarache section Plongee in French Retrieved 2022 08 24 a b Jean Clottes Jean Courtin Luc Vanrell 2007 La grotte Cosquer a Marseille The Cosquer Cave in Marseille Les dossiers d archeologie in French 324 Grottes ornees en France 38 45 a b Clottes Jean Beltran A Courtin Jean Cosquer Henri 1992 La Grotte Cosquer Cap Morgiou Marseille The Cosquer Cave Cap Morgiou Marseille sur persee Bulletin de la Societe prehistorique francaise in French 89 4 98 128 Bernard Rebatel et Gilles Sourice realisators Fanny Broadcast producer 1992 Le Secret de la grotte Cosquer duree 26 min The Secret of the Cosquer Cave duration 26 min Motion picture in French L indemnisation d Henri Cosquer pour sa decouverte est contestee Henri Cosquer s compensation for his discovery is disputed LaProvence com in French AFP 16 November 2009 Retrieved 12 November 2022 Henri Cosquer pourra etre indemnise Henri Cosquer may be compensated 20minutes fr in French 15 April 2007 Retrieved 12 November 2022 a b Grotte Cosquer interview d un expert avec Jean Courtin Ma Region Sud in French Retrieved 2022 10 24 E lle comprend plus de 400 œuvres d art parietal exceptionnelles dont 216 signes des representations uniques d animaux marins tels que les pingouins les phoques les meduses mais aussi de nombreux chevaux bisons et aurochs Les parois sont egalement recouvertes de representations humaines rares dont l homme tue et des symboles sexuels des traces digitaux sur des portions entieres de voutes realisations picturales avec des outils en tout pres de 500 representations peintes et gravees par la main de l homme Clottes Jean Courtin Jean Valladas Helene et al 1992 La grotte Cosquer datee Bulletin de la Societe prehistorique francaise 89 8 230 234 doi 10 3406 bspf 1992 9527 La grotte Cosquer a Marseille Dossiers d Archeologie n 324 dossiers archeologie com Retrieved 2022 10 24 The Cave Paintings of the Cosquer Cave in France bradshawfoundation com Further reading editClottes Jean Courtin Jean 1994 La grotte Cosquer Seuil ISBN 2 02 019820 7 French Clottes Jean Courtin Jean 1996 The Cave Beneath the Sea Paleolithic Images at Cosquer Harry N Abrams Inc New York ISBN 0 8109 4033 7 English translation by Marilyn Garner from the French edition Clottes Jean Courtin Jean Vanrell Luc 2005 Cosquer redecouvert Seuil ISBN 2 02 065550 0 French Billaud Yves 2017 Chapter 12 Western Mediterranean Annex Submerged Karst Structures of the French Mediterranean Coast An Assessment pp 333 340 In Submerged Landscapes of the European Continental Shelf Quaternary Paleoenvironments John Wiley amp Sons ISBN 978 1 118 92213 2 Nicholas C Flemming Jan Harff Delminda Moura Anthony Burgess Geoffrey N Bailey 7 August 2017 Submerged Landscapes of the European Continental Shelf Quaternary Paleoenvironments John Wiley amp Sons pp 333 340 ISBN 978 1 118 92213 2 Perucca Brigitte 3 June 2022 Les mysteres de la grotte Cosquer The mysteries of the Cosquer cave CNRS Le journal in French Retrieved 19 October 2022 Perucca Brigitte 22 July 2022 The mysteries of the Cosquer cave CNRS News Retrieved 19 October 2022 As the replica of the Cosquer cave opens its doors to the public in Marseille southeastern France Cyril Montoya the cave s scientific director tells us about this marvel of prehistory which is endangered by rising sea levels and details the many mysteries that a major research campaign will attempt to solve Mildonian Laurence U F 16 September 2022 Video 30 ans apres les oublies de la grotte Cosquer se retrouvent a Marseille Video 30 years later the forgotten of the Cosquer cave find themselves in Marseille LaProvence com in French Retrieved 19 October 2022 Pascale Oriol Yann Gogan Cendrine Cosquer et Marc Van Espen se sont retrouves a Marseille plus de trente ans apres la decouverte de la grotte Cosquer Pascale Oriol Yann Gogan Cendrine Cosquer and Marc Van Espen met in Marseille more than thirty years after the discovery of the Cosquer cave Mildonian Laurence 20 September 2022 Video les oublies de la grotte Cosquer enfin reunis a Marseille Video the forgotten of the Cosquer cave finally reunited in Marseille LaProvence com in French Retrieved 19 October 2022 Trente et un ans apres la decouverte de la grotte a laquelle ils ont pris part ceux dont l histoire a efface les noms se sont enfin retrouves a Marseille Rencontre avec Pascale Oriol Marc Van Espen Cendrine Cosquer et Yann Gogan Thirty one years after the discovery of the cave in which they took part those whose names history has erased have finally found themselves in Marseille Meeting with Pascale Oriol Marc Van Espen Cendrine Cosquer and Yann Gogan Van Espen Marc 2023 31 ans apres la grotte Cosquer est sortie de l eau 31 years later the Cosquer cave came out of the water Regards Revue de l Union Belge de Speleologie in French 93 Union Belge de Speleologie 40 43 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cosquer Cave Cosquer s Cave Grotto Cosquer Prehistory and coastal karst area Cosquer Cave and the Calanques of Marseille Archived 2011 09 28 at the Wayback Machine Official French Ministry of Culture pages on Submarine archaeology French Ministry of Culture 2022 Cosquer cave Archeologie sous marine archeologie culture gouv fr Retrieved 4 July 2022 The Cosquer Cave Prehistoric Images and Medicines Under the Sea by Jean Clottes Jean Courtin and Luc Vanrell Replica of the cave in Marseille Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cosquer Cave amp oldid 1212880223, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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