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Converting is a type of metallurgical smelting that includes several processes; the most commercially important form is the treatment of molten metal sulfides to produce crude metal and slag, as in the case of copper and nickel converting. A now-uncommon form is batch treatment of pig iron to produce steel by the Bessemer process. The vessel used was called the Bessemer converter. Modern steel mills use basic oxygen process converters.
Equipmentedit
Sketch of a Peirce-Smith converter
The converting process occurs in a converter. Two kinds of converters are widely used: horizontal and vertical.
Horizontal converters of the Peirce-Smith type [fr] (which are an improvement of the Manhès-David converter [fr]) prevail in the metallurgy of non-ferrous metals. Such a converter is a horizontal barrel lined with refractory material inside. A hood for the purpose of the loading/unloading operations is located on the upper side of the converter. Two belts of tuyeres come along the axis on either sides of the converter.
Molten sulfide material, referred to as matte, is poured through the hood into the converter during the operation of loading. Air is distributed to tuyeres from the two tuyere collectors which are located on opposite sides of the converter. Collector pipes vary in diameter with distance from the connection to air supplying trunk; this is to provide equal pressure of air in each tuyere.
This high temperature roasting allows oxygen in the air to replace sulfide compounds in the minerals. Unless carefully captured, these oxidized sulfur compounds such as sulfur trioxide leave the converter as a noxious acidic vapor, along with other dangerous volatile elements such as arsenic trioxide.[1]
converting, metallurgy, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, french, click, show, important, translation, instructions, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, translate, useful, starting, point, translations, t. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 6 132 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at fr Convertisseur metallurgie see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated fr Convertisseur metallurgie to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Converting metallurgy news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2008 Learn how and when to remove this template message Converting is a type of metallurgical smelting that includes several processes the most commercially important form is the treatment of molten metal sulfides to produce crude metal and slag as in the case of copper and nickel converting A now uncommon form is batch treatment of pig iron to produce steel by the Bessemer process The vessel used was called the Bessemer converter Modern steel mills use basic oxygen process converters Equipment edit nbsp Sketch of a Peirce Smith converterThe converting process occurs in a converter Two kinds of converters are widely used horizontal and vertical Horizontal converters of the Peirce Smith type fr which are an improvement of the Manhes David converter fr prevail in the metallurgy of non ferrous metals Such a converter is a horizontal barrel lined with refractory material inside A hood for the purpose of the loading unloading operations is located on the upper side of the converter Two belts of tuyeres come along the axis on either sides of the converter Molten sulfide material referred to as matte is poured through the hood into the converter during the operation of loading Air is distributed to tuyeres from the two tuyere collectors which are located on opposite sides of the converter Collector pipes vary in diameter with distance from the connection to air supplying trunk this is to provide equal pressure of air in each tuyere This high temperature roasting allows oxygen in the air to replace sulfide compounds in the minerals Unless carefully captured these oxidized sulfur compounds such as sulfur trioxide leave the converter as a noxious acidic vapor along with other dangerous volatile elements such as arsenic trioxide 1 nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp See also editSmeltingReferences edit Ralph Chris 2004 Smelting and Roasting Nevada Outback Gems Retrieved 2018 07 02 nbsp This metallurgy related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Converting metallurgy amp oldid 1218330838, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
