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Convention for the Preservation of Wild Animals, Birds and Fish in Africa

October 24, 2023

The Convention for the Preservation of Wild Animals, Birds and Fish in Africa (also known as the London Convention of 1900) is a multilateral treaty on wildlife preservation that was signed by the European colonial powers in London in 1900. Although it never entered into force, it has nevertheless been recognised as one of history's earliest agreements on nature conservation.[1][2][3]

Conclusion and ratifications Edit

The convention was concluded and signed on 19 May 1900 by France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and the Congo Free State. The treaty required all signatory states to ratify it before entering into force; because most of the signatories did not ratify the agreement, it never entered into force.

Protective categories Edit

A key innovation of the convention—which is still used today in conservation treaties—was the inclusion of schedules which placed animals in different categories of protection.

Schedule 1: Absolute prohibition on hunting or destruction Edit

The animals in Schedule 1 were to be protected from all hunting and destruction; this was done either because of the animals' perceived "usefulness" or "their rarity and threatened extermination":

Schedules 2 and 3: Prohibition on hunting or destruction while young or mothering Edit

The animals in Schedule 2 were to be protected from all hunting and destruction while the animals were young. Female animals in Schedule 3 were to be protected from all hunting and destruction when they were accompanied by their young. The lists of animals in Schedules 2 and 3 were identical:

Schedule 4: Animals that may be hunted or destroyed in limited numbers Edit

The animals in Schedule 4 were to be protected from hunting and destruction "except in limited numbers":

Schedule 5: Harmful animals desirable to be reduced in number Edit

The animals in Schedule 5 were designated "harmful" and the treaty regarded them as desirable to be reduced in numbers "within sufficient limits":

The convention encouraged the destruction of the eggs of crocodiles, poisonous snakes, and pythons.

Other provisions Edit

The convention encouraged the creation of wildlife reserves. It would have prohibited the use of nets and pitfalls in hunting and the use of explosives or poison on fish. The convention allowed for the creation of export duties on animal hides, tusks, and antlers.

Replacement Edit

The treaty never entered into force and in 1933 was replaced by the Convention Relative to the Preservation of Fauna and Flora in their Natural State.

Notes Edit

  1. ^ Philippe Sands, Principles of International Environmental Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003) at 524.
  2. ^ International Union for Conservation of Nature, An Introduction to the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Paper No. 56, 2004) p. 3.
  3. ^ John M. MacKenzie, The Empire of Nature: Hunting, Conservation, and British Imperialism (Manchester University Press, 1997), p. 202.

External links Edit

  • Text, uoregon.edu

October 24, 2023
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The Convention for the Preservation of Wild Animals Birds and Fish in Africa also known as the London Convention of 1900 is a multilateral treaty on wildlife preservation that was signed by the European colonial powers in London in 1900 Although it never entered into force it has nevertheless been recognised as one of history s earliest agreements on nature conservation 1 2 3 Contents 1 Conclusion and ratifications 2 Protective categories 2 1 Schedule 1 Absolute prohibition on hunting or destruction 2 2 Schedules 2 and 3 Prohibition on hunting or destruction while young or mothering 2 3 Schedule 4 Animals that may be hunted or destroyed in limited numbers 2 4 Schedule 5 Harmful animals desirable to be reduced in number 3 Other provisions 4 Replacement 5 Notes 6 External linksConclusion and ratifications EditThe convention was concluded and signed on 19 May 1900 by France Germany the United Kingdom Italy Portugal Spain and the Congo Free State The treaty required all signatory states to ratify it before entering into force because most of the signatories did not ratify the agreement it never entered into force Protective categories EditA key innovation of the convention which is still used today in conservation treaties was the inclusion of schedules which placed animals in different categories of protection Schedule 1 Absolute prohibition on hunting or destruction Edit The animals in Schedule 1 were to be protected from all hunting and destruction this was done either because of the animals perceived usefulness or their rarity and threatened extermination vultures usefulness secretary birds usefulness owls usefulness rhinoceros birds or beef eaters Buphaga usefulness giraffes rarity gorillas rarity chimpanzees rarity mountain zebras rarity wild asses rarity white tailed gnus Connochaetes gnu rarity elands Taurotragus rarity little Liberian hippopotamuses rarity Schedules 2 and 3 Prohibition on hunting or destruction while young or mothering Edit The animals in Schedule 2 were to be protected from all hunting and destruction while the animals were young Female animals in Schedule 3 were to be protected from all hunting and destruction when they were accompanied by their young The lists of animals in Schedules 2 and 3 were identical elephants tusks under 5 kg were to be confiscated rhinoceroses hippopotamuses zebras of species not mentioned in Schedule 1 buffaloes ibexes chevrotains Tragulus antelopes and gazelles especially species of the genera Bubalis Damaliscus Connochaetes Cephalophus Oreotragus Oribia Rhaphiceros Nesolagus Madogna check spelling Cobus Cervicapra Pelea Aepyceros Antidorcas Gazella Ammodorcas Litocranius Docolragus check spelling Oryx Addax Hippotragus Taurotragus Tragelaphus Schedule 4 Animals that may be hunted or destroyed in limited numbers Edit The animals in Schedule 4 were to be protected from hunting and destruction except in limited numbers all animals listed in Schedules 2 and 3 the various pigs Colobi and all the fur monkeys aardvarks Crycteropux dugongs Hulicore manatees Manatus the small cats servals cheetali Cynalurus jackals aardwolves Proteles small monkeys ostriches marabous egrets bustards francolins guinea fowl other game birds large tortoises Schedule 5 Harmful animals desirable to be reduced in number Edit The animals in Schedule 5 were designated harmful and the treaty regarded them as desirable to be reduced in numbers within sufficient limits lions leopards hyaenas African hunting dog Lycaon pictus otters Lutra baboons Cynocephalus and other harmful monkeys crocodiles poisonous snakes pythons large birds of prey other than those mentioned in Schedule 1 The convention encouraged the destruction of the eggs of crocodiles poisonous snakes and pythons Other provisions EditThe convention encouraged the creation of wildlife reserves It would have prohibited the use of nets and pitfalls in hunting and the use of explosives or poison on fish The convention allowed for the creation of export duties on animal hides tusks and antlers Replacement EditThe treaty never entered into force and in 1933 was replaced by the Convention Relative to the Preservation of Fauna and Flora in their Natural State Notes Edit Philippe Sands Principles of International Environmental Law Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2003 at 524 International Union for Conservation of Nature An Introduction to the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Paper No 56 2004 p 3 John M MacKenzie The Empire of Nature Hunting Conservation and British Imperialism Manchester University Press 1997 p 202 External links EditText uoregon edu Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Convention for the Preservation of Wild Animals Birds and Fish in Africa amp oldid 1084240952, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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