Conductive ink

Conductive ink is an ink that results in a printed object which conducts electricity. It is typically created by infusing graphite or other conductive materials into ink.^[1] There has been a growing interest in replacing metallic materials with nanomaterials due to the emergence of nanotechnology. Among other nanomaterials, graphene, and carbon nanotube-based conductive ink are gaining immense popularity due to their high electrical conductivity and high surface area.^[2] Recently, more attention has been paid on using eco-friendly conductive ink using water as a solvent as compared to organic solvents since they are harmful to the environment. However, the high surface tension of water prevents its applicability. Various natural and synthetic surfactants are now used to reduce the surface tension of water and ensure uniform nanomaterials dispersibility for smooth printing and wide application.^[3] Although graphene oxide inks are eco-friendly and can be produced in bulk quantities, they are insulating in nature which needs an additional step of reduction using reducing ink is required to restore the electrical properties.^[4] The external reduction process is not suitable for large scale continuous manufacturing of electronic devices. Hence an in-situ reduction process also known as reactive inkjet printing has been developed by various scientists ^[5].^[6] In the in-situ reduction process the reducing inks are printed on top of the GO printed patterns in order to carry out the reduction process on the substrate.^[7]

Silver inks have multiple uses today including printing RFID tags as used in modern transit tickets, they can be used to improvise or repair circuits on printed circuit boards. Computer keyboards contain membranes with printed circuits that sense when a key is pressed. Windshield defrosters consisting of resistive traces applied to the glass are also printed.

See also

• Circuit Scribe
• Etching
• Organic solar cell
• Plextronics
• Teledeltos

References

1. Steven Osborn (September 17, 2013). Makers at Work: Folks Reinventing the World One Object Or Idea at a Time. Apress. pp. 168–. ISBN 978-1-4302-5992-3.
2. Orts Mercadillo, Vicente; Chan, Kai Chio; Caironi, Mario; Athanassiou, Athanassia; Kinloch, Ian A.; Bissett, Mark; Cataldi, Pietro (September 19, 2022). "Electrically Conductive 2D Material Coatings for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics: A Comparative Review of Graphenes and MXenes". Advanced Functional Materials. 32 (38): 2204772. arXiv:2207.06776. doi:10.1002/adfm.202204772. S2CID 250526258.
3. Khan, Junaid; Mariatti, M. (November 20, 2022). "Effect of natural surfactant on the performance of reduced graphene oxide conductive ink". Journal of Cleaner Production. 376: 134254. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134254. ISSN 0959-6526. S2CID 252524219.
4. Khan, Junaid; Jaafar, Mariatti (November 2021). "Reduction efficiencies of natural substances for reduced graphene oxide synthesis". Journal of Materials Science. 56 (33): 18477–18492. doi:10.1007/s10853-021-06492-y.
5. Khan, Junaid; Mariatti, M; Zubir, Syazana A; Rusli, Arjulizan; Manaf, Asrulnizam Abd; Khirotdin, Rd Khairilhijra (January 29, 2024). "Eco-friendly alkali lignin-assisted water-based graphene oxide ink and its application as a resistive temperature sensor". Nanotechnology. 35 (5): 055301. doi:10.1088/1361-6528/ad06d4.
6. Khan, Junaid; Mariatti, M; Zubir, Syazana A; Rusli, Arjulizan; Manaf, Asrulnizam Abd; Khirotdin, Rd Khairilhijra (January 29, 2024). "Eco-friendly alkali lignin-assisted water-based graphene oxide ink and its application as a resistive temperature sensor". Nanotetopchnology. 35 (5): 055301. doi:10.1088/1361-6528/ad06d4.
7. Lv, Songwei; Ye, Siyuan; Chen, Chunling; Zhang, Yi; Wu, Yanhong; Wang, Yiqing; Tang, Runli; De Souza, M. M.; Liu, Xuqing; Zhao, Xiubo (2021). "Reactive inkjet printing of graphene based flexible circuits and radio frequency antennas". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 9 (38): 13182–13192. doi:10.1039/D1TC02352G.