Emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir
Emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir (trade names Complera, Eviplera) is a fixed-dose combination of antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV/AIDS.[1] The drug was co-developed by Gilead Sciences and Johnson & Johnson's Tibotec division and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in August 2011, and by the European Medicines Agency in November 2011,[2] for patients who have not previously been treated for HIV.[3] It is available as a once-a-day single tablet.
| Combination of | |
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| Emtricitabine | Nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor |
| Rilpivirine | Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| Tenofovir disoproxil | Nucleotide analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitor |
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| Trade names | Complera, Eviplera |
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| Routes of administration | Oral |
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In the European Union it is marketed as Eviplera and in the US as Complera.[4]
Medical uses edit
Emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir is indicated for treatment of HIV-1 in adults naïve to HIV-1 medications (where the virus has not developed resistance to these anti-HIV medications) and who have no more than 100,000 copies per mL of HIV-1 RNA in their blood (“viral load”).[5][6]
Side effects edit
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Insomnia
- Abnormal dreams
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Rash
- Weakness
- Decreased appetite
- Lactic acidosis (excess lactic acid in blood) is a rare and potentially fatal side effect. It is characterized by the following symptoms: deep and rapid breathing, tiredness or weakness, nausea, vomiting, abnormal muscle pain, dizziness or drowsiness
- Serious liver problems, such as hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) and steatosis (fatty liver). Presentation typically includes: skin or the white part of the eyes turning yellow (jaundice), dark “tea-colored” urine, light-colored bowel movements, loss of appetite, nausea, stomach pain
- Worsening of hepatitis B (HBV) infection. Patients also diagnosed with HBV who stop taking Emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir may suddenly exacerbate their hepatitis.
- New or worsening kidney problems, including kidney failure
- Onset of depressive disorders or mood changes
- Changes in bone such as osteonecrosis (breakdown and death of bone)
- Increases or redistribution of body fat
- Immune system changes (e.g. Immune Reconstitution Syndrome)
Interactions edit
Contraindications
Use of emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir with the following medicines is contraindicated, as they lead to reduced blood levels of rilpivirine and in turn reduce the effectiveness of emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir:[5][8]
- carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin
- rifampicin, rifapentine
- omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole
- systemic dexamethasone (more than a single dose)
- St John's wort
References edit
- ^ "Approval of Complera: emtricitabine/rilpivirine/tenofovir DF fixed dose combination". Food and Drug Administration. August 10, 2011.
- ^ . European Medicines Agency. November 2011. Archived from the original on 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2012-01-29.
- ^ . Business Week. August 10, 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-09-10.
- ^ Complera/Eviplera (Rilpivirine + emtricitabine + tenofovir) 2017-08-09 at the Wayback Machine, aidsinfonet.org
- ^ a b c d Complera [package insert]. Foster City, CA: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; 2014. Accessed October 28, 2014
- ^ Eviplera [package leaflet]. County Cork, Ireland: Gilead Sciences Limited.; 2013. Accessed October 28, 2014.
- ^ a b Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents. Department of Health and Human Services [updated May 1, 2014]. Available from: http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/adultandadolescentgl.pdf 2016-11-01 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed October 29, 2014.
- ^ Gleason LJ, Luque AE, Shah K (2013). "Polypharmacy in the HIV-infected older adult population". Clinical Interventions in Aging. 8: 749–63. doi:10.2147/CIA.S37738. PMC 3693722. PMID 23818773.
External links edit
- "Emtricitabine mixture with rilpivirine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- "Emtricitabine mixture with rilpivirine hydrochloride and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.