It is defined as the greatest angle at a particular region of the vertebral column, when measured from the superior endplate of a superior vertebra to the inferior endplate of an inferior vertebra.[1] However, the endplates are generally parallel for each vertebra, so not all sources include usage of a superior versus inferior endplate in the definition.[2]
Unless otherwise specified it is generally presumed to refer to angles in the coronal plane, such as projectional radiography in posteroanterior view. In contrast, a sagittal Cobb angle is one measured in the sagittal plane such as on lateral radiographs.[3]
Cobb angles are preferably measured while standing, since laying down decreases Cobb angles by around 7–10°.[4]
The Cobb angle is also the preferred method of measuring post-traumatic kyphosis in a recent meta-analysis of traumatic spine fracture classifications.[5]
Those with Cobb angle of more than 60° usually have respiratory complications.[7]
Scoliosis cases with Cobb angles between 40 and 50 degrees at skeletal maturity progress at an average of 10 to 15 degrees during a normal lifetime. Cobb angles of more than 50 degrees at skeletal maturity progress at about 1 to 2 degrees per year.[8]
Historyedit
The Cobb angle is named after the American orthopedic surgeon John Robert Cobb (1903–1967). It was originally used to measure coronal plane deformity on radiographs with antero-posterior projection for the classification of scoliosis.[9] It has subsequently been adapted to classify sagittal plane deformity, especially in the setting of traumatic thoracolumbar spine fractures.
Referencesedit
^Brian D. Coley (2013). Caffey's Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging (12 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1429. ISBN978-1455753604.
^Fred F. Ferri (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1150. ISBN978-0323529570.
^Schmitz, A.; Jaeger, U.; Koenig, R.; Kandyba, J.; Gieske, J.; Schmitt, O. (2001). "Sagittale Cobb-Winkel-Messungen bei Skoliose mittels MR-Ganzwirbelsäulenaufnahme". Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete. 139 (4): 304–07. doi:10.1055/s-2001-16915. ISSN 0044-3220. PMID 11558047. S2CID 260354772.
^Keenan, Bethany E; Izatt, Maree T; Askin, Geoffrey N; Labrom, Robert D; Pearcy, Mark J; Adam, Clayton J (2014). "Supine to standing Cobb angle change in idiopathic scoliosis: the effect of endplate pre-selection". Scoliosis. 9 (1): 16. doi:10.1186/1748-7161-9-16. ISSN 1748-7161. PMC4193912. PMID 25342959.
^Keynan, Ory; Fisher, CG; Vaccaro, A; Fehlings, MG; Oner, FC; Dietz, J; Kwon, B; Rampersaud, R; Bono, C; France, J; Dvorak, M (Mar 1, 2006). (PDF). Spine. 31 (5): E156–65. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000201261.94907.0d. PMID 16508540. S2CID 39799085. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
^Page 89 in: Dr. Kevin Lau. The Complete Scoliosis Surgery Handbook for Patients: An In-Depth and Unbiased Look Into What to Expect Before and During Scoliosis Surgery. Health In Your Hands. ISBN978-9810785925.
^ abcPage 460 in: Konrad E. Bloch, Thomas Brack, Anita K. Simonds (2015). ERS Handbook: Self-Assessment in Respiratory Medicine. European Respiratory Society. ISBN978-1849840781.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Greiner KA (2002). "Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: radiologic decision-making". Am Fam Physician. 65 (9): 1817–22. PMID 12018804.
^Cobb JR. Outline for the study of scoliosis. The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Instructional Course Lectures. Vol. 5. Ann Arbor, MI: Edwards; 1948.
January 01, 1970
cobb, angle, measurement, bending, disorders, vertebral, column, such, scoliosis, traumatic, deformities, measurement, levoscoliosis, contents, definition, method, uses, severity, history, referencesdefinition, method, editit, defined, greatest, angle, particu. The Cobb angle is a measurement of bending disorders of the vertebral column such as scoliosis and traumatic deformities 89 Cobb angle measurement of a levoscoliosis Contents 1 Definition and method 2 Uses 3 Severity 4 History 5 ReferencesDefinition and method editIt is defined as the greatest angle at a particular region of the vertebral column when measured from the superior endplate of a superior vertebra to the inferior endplate of an inferior vertebra 1 However the endplates are generally parallel for each vertebra so not all sources include usage of a superior versus inferior endplate in the definition 2 Unless otherwise specified it is generally presumed to refer to angles in the coronal plane such as projectional radiography in posteroanterior view In contrast a sagittal Cobb angle is one measured in the sagittal plane such as on lateral radiographs 3 Cobb angles are preferably measured while standing since laying down decreases Cobb angles by around 7 10 4 Uses editIt is a common measurement of scoliosis The Cobb angle is also the preferred method of measuring post traumatic kyphosis in a recent meta analysis of traumatic spine fracture classifications 5 Severity editSeverity Cobb angle Not scoliosis lt 10 6 Mild scoliosis 10 30 Moderate scoliosis 30 45 7 Severe scoliosis gt 45 7 Those with Cobb angle of more than 60 usually have respiratory complications 7 Scoliosis cases with Cobb angles between 40 and 50 degrees at skeletal maturity progress at an average of 10 to 15 degrees during a normal lifetime Cobb angles of more than 50 degrees at skeletal maturity progress at about 1 to 2 degrees per year 8 History editThe Cobb angle is named after the American orthopedic surgeon John Robert Cobb 1903 1967 It was originally used to measure coronal plane deformity on radiographs with antero posterior projection for the classification of scoliosis 9 It has subsequently been adapted to classify sagittal plane deformity especially in the setting of traumatic thoracolumbar spine fractures References edit Brian D Coley 2013 Caffey s Pediatric Diagnostic Imaging 12 ed Elsevier Health Sciences p 1429 ISBN 978 1455753604 Fred F Ferri 2017 Ferri s Clinical Advisor 2018 E Book Elsevier Health Sciences p 1150 ISBN 978 0323529570 Schmitz A Jaeger U Koenig R Kandyba J Gieske J Schmitt O 2001 Sagittale Cobb Winkel Messungen bei Skoliose mittels MR Ganzwirbelsaulenaufnahme Zeitschrift fur Orthopadie und ihre Grenzgebiete 139 4 304 07 doi 10 1055 s 2001 16915 ISSN 0044 3220 PMID 11558047 S2CID 260354772 Keenan Bethany E Izatt Maree T Askin Geoffrey N Labrom Robert D Pearcy Mark J Adam Clayton J 2014 Supine to standing Cobb angle change in idiopathic scoliosis the effect of endplate pre selection Scoliosis 9 1 16 doi 10 1186 1748 7161 9 16 ISSN 1748 7161 PMC 4193912 PMID 25342959 Keynan Ory Fisher CG Vaccaro A Fehlings MG Oner FC Dietz J Kwon B Rampersaud R Bono C France J Dvorak M Mar 1 2006 Radiographic measurement parameters in thoracolumbar fractures a systematic review and consensus statement of the spine trauma study group PDF Spine 31 5 E156 65 doi 10 1097 01 brs 0000201261 94907 0d PMID 16508540 S2CID 39799085 Archived from the original PDF on 9 October 2013 Retrieved 15 December 2012 Page 89 in Dr Kevin Lau The Complete Scoliosis Surgery Handbook for Patients An In Depth and Unbiased Look Into What to Expect Before and During Scoliosis Surgery Health In Your Hands ISBN 978 9810785925 a b c Page 460 in Konrad E Bloch Thomas Brack Anita K Simonds 2015 ERS Handbook Self Assessment in Respiratory Medicine European Respiratory Society ISBN 978 1849840781 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Greiner KA 2002 Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis radiologic decision making Am Fam Physician 65 9 1817 22 PMID 12018804 Cobb JR Outline for the study of scoliosis The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Instructional Course Lectures Vol 5 Ann Arbor MI Edwards 1948 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cobb angle amp oldid 1187629285, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
