Crested satinbird
The crested satinbird (Cnemophilus macgregorii), formerly known as the crested bird-of-paradise, is a species of bird in the satinbird family Cnemophilidae. It is found in the mountains of Papua New Guinea.
| Crested satinbird | |
|---|---|
| Lithograph by William Hart showing two males of the nominate subspecies | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Cnemophilidae |
| Genus: | Cnemophilus |
| Species: | C. macgregorii |
| Binomial name | |
| Cnemophilus macgregorii De Vis, 1890 | |
Taxonomy edit
The crested satinbird was formally described in 1890 by the English zoologist Charles Walter De Vis from a specimen that had been collected on Mount Knutsford near Mount Victoria in Papua New Guinea. He coined the binomial name Cnemophilus macgregorii.[2][3] The specific epithet was chosen to honour the British colonial governor of New Guinea, William MacGregor.[4]
The crested satinbird was formerly placed in the bird-of-paradise family Paradisaeidae with the English name "crested bird-of-paradise".[5]
Two subspecies are recognised:[6]
- C. m. sanguineus Iredale, 1948 – the "red satinbird" found in montane central west, central east New Guinea;[7] sometimes treated as a full species.[8]
- C. m. macgregorii De Vis, 1890 – the "yellow satinbird" found in montane south-eastern New Guinea.
Description edit
The crested satinbird is around 24 cm (9.4 in) in overall length and weighs 79–125 g (2.8–4.4 oz). The male of the nominate subspecies has bright yellow upperparts with a small erectile crest of 4 to 6 sickle-shaped dark-buff feathers that are usually concealed. The lores and underparts are a brownish black. The female is plain olive brownish above and light brownish below. The adult male of subspecies sanguineus differs from the nominate in having red dorsal plumage. These birds make harsh rasping calls and a low hissing.[5]
Distribution and habitat edit
They are found in the mountains of eastern and southeastern New Guinea. The habitat is upper montane and subalpine forest where there is dense vegetation.[5]
Behaviour and ecology edit
Food and feeding edit
The crested satinbird eats only fruits which are plucked and eaten whole without any manipulation using the feet.[5]
Breeding edit
The breeding season is from August to January. The nest is built by the female and is placed 2–4 m (6 ft 7 in – 13 ft 1 in) above the ground on a branch of a tree. The nest has a globular shape with an entrance hole at the side. The clutch is probably only a single egg which hatches after an incubation period of at least 19 days.[5]
References edit
- ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Cnemophilus macgregorii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T103731110A112748996. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T103731110A112748996.en. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
- ^ De Vis, Charles Walter (1890). "Appendix G. Report on birds from British New Guinea". In MacGregor, William MacGregor (ed.). British New Guinea. Annual report by Her Majesty's administrator of the government, from 4th September 1888 to 30th June 18 (PDF). Melbourne: Robert S Brain Government Printer. pp. 58-61 [61].
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1962). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 15. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 183.
- ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 234. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ a b c d e Frith, C.B.; Frith, D.W. (2009). "Family Paradisaeidae (Birds-of-paradise)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 404-493 [461]. ISBN 978-84-96553-50-7.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Australasian babblers, logrunners, satinbirds, berrypeckers, wattlebirds, whipbirds, jewel-babblers, quail-thrushes". IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
- ^ Iredale, Tom (1948). "A check list of the birds of paradise and bower-birds". Australian Zoologist. 11 (3): 161-189 [162].
- ^ BirdLife International (2017). "Cnemophilus sanguineus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T103731114A112748548. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T103731114A112748548.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.