A cluster-randomised controlled trial is a type of randomised controlled trial in which groups of subjects (as opposed to individual subjects) are randomised.[1] Cluster randomised controlled trials are also known as cluster-randomised trials,[2]group-randomised trials,[3][4] and place-randomized trials.[5] Cluster-randomised controlled trials are used when there is a strong reason for randomising treatment and control groups over randomising participants.[6]
A 2004 bibliometric study documented an increasing number of publications in the medical literature on cluster-randomised controlled trials since the 1980s.[1]
Advantagesedit
Advantages of cluster-randomised controlled trials over individually randomised controlled trials include:
The ability to study interventions that cannot be directed toward selected individuals (e.g., a radio show about lifestyle changes) and the ability to control for "contamination" across individuals (e.g., one individual's changing behaviors may influence another individual to do so).[7]
Reduced cost in running a survey. For example, when wanting to survey households, it could often be cheaper to choose street blocks and survey all the houses there in order to reduce the cost of traveling for the people conducting the survey.[8]
Sometimes due to data availability, it is only possible to do cluster sampling. For example, if wanting to survey households, it may be that there is no census list of houses (due to privacy restrictions of the Bureau of Statistics of the country). However, there may be a public record of street blocks and their addresses, and these can be used for creating the sampling frame.
Disadvantagesedit
Disadvantages compared with individually randomised controlled trials include greater complexity in design and analysis, and a requirement for more participants to obtain the same statistical power.[2] Use of this type of trial also means that the experiences of individuals within the same group are likely similar, leading to correlated results. This correlation is measured by the intraclass correlation, also known as the intracluster correlation. Though this correlation is a known component of cluster-randomised controlled trials, a large proportion of the trials fail to account for it. Failing to control for intraclass correlation negatively affects both the statistical power and the incidence of Type I errors of an analysis.[6]
^ abBland JM (2004). "Cluster randomised trials in the medical literature: two bibliometric surveys". BMC Med Res Methodol. 4: 21. doi:10.1186/1471-2288-4-21. PMC515302. PMID 15310402.
^Murray DM, Varnell SP, Blitstein JL (2004). "Design and analysis of group-randomized trials: a review of recent methodological developments". Am J Public Health. 94 (3): 423–32. doi:10.2105/AJPH.94.3.423. PMC1448268. PMID 14998806.
^Patton GC, Bond L, Carlin JB, Thomas L, Butler H, Glover S, Catalano R, Bowes G (2006). "Promoting social inclusion in schools: a group-randomized trial of effects on student health risk behavior and well-being". Am J Public Health. 96 (9): 1582–7. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.047399. PMC1551970. PMID 16873760.
^Boruch R, May H, Turner H, Lavenberg J, Petrosino A, De Moya D, Grimshaw J, Foley E (2004). "Estimating the effects of interventions that are deployed in many places: place-randomized trials". American Behavioral Scientist. 47 (5): 608–633. doi:10.1177/0002764203259291. S2CID 910678.[permanent dead link]
^ abMurray, David M.; Taljaard, Monica; Turner, Elizabeth L.; George, Stephanie M. (2020). "Essential Ingredients and Innovations in the Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials". Annual Review of Public Health. 41: 1–19. doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094027. PMID 31869281.
^Edwards SJ, Braunholtz DA, Lilford RJ, Stevens AJ (1999). "Ethical issues in the design and conduct of cluster randomised controlled trials". BMJ. 318 (7195): 1407–9. doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7195.1407. PMC1115783. PMID 10334756.
^Sampling People, Networks and Records coursers course (worth finding a better reference)
Further readingedit
Boruch RF. Place randomized trials: experimental tests of public policy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2005. ISBN1-4129-2582-7
M. J. Campbell and S. J. Walters, 2014: How to Design, Analyse, and Report Cluster Randomised Trials. Wiley. ISBN978-1-119-99202-8
A. Donner and N. Klar, 2000: Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold.
S. Eldridge and S. Kerry, 2012: A Practical Guide to Cluster Randomised Trials in Health Services Research. Wiley.
R. J. Hayes and L. H. Moulton, 2017: Cluster Randomised Trials. Second edition. Chapman & Hall.
Murray DM. Design and analysis of group-randomized trials. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. ISBN0-19-512036-1
January 01, 1970
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A cluster randomised controlled trial is a type of randomised controlled trial in which groups of subjects as opposed to individual subjects are randomised 1 Cluster randomised controlled trials are also known as cluster randomised trials 2 group randomised trials 3 4 and place randomized trials 5 Cluster randomised controlled trials are used when there is a strong reason for randomising treatment and control groups over randomising participants 6 Contents 1 Prevalence 2 Advantages 3 Disadvantages 4 See also 5 References 6 Further readingPrevalence editA 2004 bibliometric study documented an increasing number of publications in the medical literature on cluster randomised controlled trials since the 1980s 1 Advantages editAdvantages of cluster randomised controlled trials over individually randomised controlled trials include The ability to study interventions that cannot be directed toward selected individuals e g a radio show about lifestyle changes and the ability to control for contamination across individuals e g one individual s changing behaviors may influence another individual to do so 7 Reduced cost in running a survey For example when wanting to survey households it could often be cheaper to choose street blocks and survey all the houses there in order to reduce the cost of traveling for the people conducting the survey 8 Sometimes due to data availability it is only possible to do cluster sampling For example if wanting to survey households it may be that there is no census list of houses due to privacy restrictions of the Bureau of Statistics of the country However there may be a public record of street blocks and their addresses and these can be used for creating the sampling frame Disadvantages editDisadvantages compared with individually randomised controlled trials include greater complexity in design and analysis and a requirement for more participants to obtain the same statistical power 2 Use of this type of trial also means that the experiences of individuals within the same group are likely similar leading to correlated results This correlation is measured by the intraclass correlation also known as the intracluster correlation Though this correlation is a known component of cluster randomised controlled trials a large proportion of the trials fail to account for it Failing to control for intraclass correlation negatively affects both the statistical power and the incidence of Type I errors of an analysis 6 See also editRandomized controlled trial Statistics Zelen s designReferences edit a b Bland JM 2004 Cluster randomised trials in the medical literature two bibliometric surveys BMC Med Res Methodol 4 21 doi 10 1186 1471 2288 4 21 PMC 515302 PMID 15310402 a b Campbell MK Elbourne DR Altman DG CONSORT group 2004 CONSORT statement extension to cluster randomised trials BMJ 328 7441 702 8 doi 10 1136 bmj 328 7441 702 PMC 381234 PMID 15031246 Murray DM Varnell SP Blitstein JL 2004 Design and analysis of group randomized trials a review of recent methodological developments Am J Public Health 94 3 423 32 doi 10 2105 AJPH 94 3 423 PMC 1448268 PMID 14998806 Patton GC Bond L Carlin JB Thomas L Butler H Glover S Catalano R Bowes G 2006 Promoting social inclusion in schools a group randomized trial of effects on student health risk behavior and well being Am J Public Health 96 9 1582 7 doi 10 2105 AJPH 2004 047399 PMC 1551970 PMID 16873760 Boruch R May H Turner H Lavenberg J Petrosino A De Moya D Grimshaw J Foley E 2004 Estimating the effects of interventions that are deployed in many places place randomized trials American Behavioral Scientist 47 5 608 633 doi 10 1177 0002764203259291 S2CID 910678 permanent dead link a b Murray David M Taljaard Monica Turner Elizabeth L George Stephanie M 2020 Essential Ingredients and Innovations in the Design and Analysis of Group Randomized Trials Annual Review of Public Health 41 1 19 doi 10 1146 annurev publhealth 040119 094027 PMID 31869281 Edwards SJ Braunholtz DA Lilford RJ Stevens AJ 1999 Ethical issues in the design and conduct of cluster randomised controlled trials BMJ 318 7195 1407 9 doi 10 1136 bmj 318 7195 1407 PMC 1115783 PMID 10334756 Sampling People Networks and Records coursers course worth finding a better reference Further reading editBoruch RF Place randomized trials experimental tests of public policy Thousand Oaks CA Sage Publications 2005 ISBN 1 4129 2582 7 M J Campbell and S J Walters 2014 How to Design Analyse and Report Cluster Randomised Trials Wiley ISBN 978 1 119 99202 8 A Donner and N Klar 2000 Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research Arnold S Eldridge and S Kerry 2012 A Practical Guide to Cluster Randomised Trials in Health Services Research Wiley R J Hayes and L H Moulton 2017 Cluster Randomised Trials Second edition Chapman amp Hall Mosteller F Boruch RF Evidence matters randomized trials in education research Washington DC Brookings Institution Press 2002 ISBN 0 8157 0204 3 Murray DM Design and analysis of group randomized trials New York Oxford University Press 1998 ISBN 0 19 512036 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cluster randomised controlled trial amp oldid 1192989743, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
