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Classical World Chess Championship 1995

January 01, 1970

The Classical World Chess Championship 1995, known at the time as the PCA World Chess Championship 1995,[1] was held from September 10, 1995, to October 16, 1995, on the 107th floor of the South Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. Garry Kasparov, the defending champion, played Viswanathan Anand, the challenger, in a twenty-game match. Kasparov won the match after eighteen games with four wins, one loss, and thirteen draws.

Classical World Chess Championship 1995
 
Defending champion
Challenger
 
Garry Kasparov
Viswanathan Anand
  Garry Kasparov Viswanathan Anand
 
10½Scores7½
  Born 13 April 1963
32 years old		 Born 11 December 1969
25 years old
  Winner of the 1993 PCA World Chess Championship Winner of the 1994-95 Candidates Tournament
  Rating: 2805
(World No. 1)		 Rating: 2715
(World No. 4)
← 1993
2000 →

Background edit

In 1993, the reigning FIDE World Chess Champion, Garry Kasparov decided to split from FIDE because he felt the organisation was corrupt, and formed a rival organisation, the PCA (Professional Chess Association). In response, FIDE stripped Kasparov of his status and organised an event to determine a new champion — this event was won by Anatoly Karpov.

Kasparov claimed that, as he had not been defeated by a challenger to his title in a match, and in fact had defeated the rightful challenger (Nigel Short in 1993), that he was still the reigning world champion.

Thus, for the first time since the inaugural World Championship in 1886, there were two rival World Chess Championships.

The PCA ran a world championship cycle similar in format to that in use by FIDE at the time. It was to be the only full championship cycle run under the auspices of the PCA.

1993 Qualifying tournament edit

The PCA held a qualifying tournament and Candidates matches in 1993–1995. A number of leading players did not participate, most notably FIDE World Champion Anatoly Karpov. The events were held at a similar time as the FIDE World Chess Championship 1996, with many of the same players playing in both.

The Qualifying tournament in Groningen in December 1993 had 54 players participating in an 11-round Swiss system tournament, with the top seven qualifying for the Candidates Tournament.[2]

1993 PCA Qualifying Tournament
Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total
1   Michael Adams (England) 2635 =33 +39 +45 =23 -5 +7 =4 +11 =2 +6 =3 7½
2   Viswanathan Anand (India) 2725 +52 =5 =7 +30 +22 +20 =8 =6 =1 =3 =4 7½
3   Gata Kamsky (United States) 2645 =13 =30 =33 +19 +17 =4 =5 =16 +23 =2 =1 7
4   Vladimir Kramnik (Russia) 2710 +40 =20 -22 +35 +25 =3 =1 =8 +24 =9 =2 7
5   Sergei Tiviakov (Russia) 2635 +41 =2 =34 +29 +1 =22 =3 =20 -6 +25 =8 7
6   Boris Gulko (United States) 2635 =29 =37 +49 =20 +10 =8 +22 =2 +5 -1 =11 7
7   Oleg Romanishin (Ukraine) 2615 +53 =24 =2 =25 =9 -1 +28 =10 =26 +22 +20 7
8   Alexei Shirov (Latvia) 2685 +11 +36 =23 -22 +32 =6 =2 =4 =12 =16 =5 6½
9   Sergey Dolmatov (Russia) 2630 =18 =33 =13 +12 =7 =23 =27 =21 +42 =4 =16 6½
10   Eric Lobron (Germany) 2575 =19 =38 =11 +36 -6 +17 =44 =7 =15 =14 +25 6½
11   Ivan Sokolov (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 2610 -8 =28 =10 +41 +37 =24 =31 -1 +44 +26 =6 6½
12   Jeroen Piket (Netherlands) 2590 +25 -22 =35 -9 +47 +15 =24 +34 =8 =20 =18 6½
13   Robert Hübner (Germany) 2605 =3 =34 =9 =38 =15 =25 =32 +29 =14 =24 +22 6½
14   Julio Granda (Peru) 2605 =21 -45 =39 +18 =30 =44 +36 =27 =13 =10 +23 6½
15   Rafael Vaganian (Armenia) 2615 =54 =26 =21 =44 =13 -12 +17 +30 =10 =23 +42 6½
16   Predrag Nikolić (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 2625 +48 -23 +51 =24 +34 =31 =20 =3 =22 =8 =9 6½
17   Judit Polgár (Hungary) 2630 =37 =29 +41 =32 -3 -10 -15 +51 +46 +31 +27 6½
18   Lembit Oll (Estonia) 2595 =9 =35 -25 -14 =53 =45 +52 +36 +38 +21 =12 6½
19   Jaan Ehlvest (Estonia) 2620 =10 =51 =37 -3 +48 -29 +35 -26 +41 +32 +24 6½
20   Joel Benjamin (United States) 2620 +50 =4 +31 =6 +23 -2 =16 =5 =21 =12 -7 6
21   Veselin Topalov (Bulgaria) 2670 =14 =49 =15 =40 =29 =27 +46 =9 =20 -18 +33 6
22   Alexander Beliavsky (Ukraine) 2635 +42 +12 +4 +8 -2 =5 -6 =23 =16 -7 -13 5½
23   Evgeny Bareev (Russia) 2660 +46 +16 =8 =1 -20 =9 +29 =22 -3 =15 -14 5½
24   Gregory Kaidanov (United States) 2640 +43 =7 =30 =16 =27 =11 =12 +31 -4 =13 -19 5½
25   Julian Hodgson (England) 2625 -12 +54 +18 =7 -4 =13 =30 +39 +27 -5 -10 5½
26   Boris Alterman (Israel) 2585 =35 =15 -32 +47 =40 -28 +37 +19 =7 -11 =31 5½
27   Alexey Vyzmanavin (Russia) 2605 =31 =44 =36 +45 =24 =21 =9 =14 -25 +34 -17 5½
28   Ljubomir Ljubojević (Yugoslavia) 2595 -36 =11 =46 +43 -31 +26 -7 -38 =49 +48 +44 5½
29   Leonid Yudasin (Israel) 2605 =6 =17 +38 -5 =21 +19 -23 -13 =39 =36 =43 5
30   Gregory Serper (Uzbekistan) 2575 +32 =3 =24 -2 =14 =40 =25 -15 -35 +45 =34 5
31   Ilya Smirin (Israel) 2640 =27 +47 -20 =37 +28 =16 =11 -24 =32 -17 =26 5
32   Alexander Chernin (Hungary) 2615 -30 +42 +26 =17 -8 =39 =13 =44 =31 -19 =38 5
33   Vladimir Tukmakov (Ukraine) 2600 =1 =9 =3 -34 =38 =35 =49 =41 =40 +46 -21 5
34   Vladimir Malaniuk (Ukraine) 2635 =39 =13 =5 +33 -16 =46 =42 -12 +48 -27 =30 5
35   Viktor Korchnoi (Switzerland) 2625 =26 =18 =12 -4 =54 =33 -19 =43 +30 =39 =37 5
36   Zurab Azmaiparashvili (Georgia) 2630 +28 -8 =27 -10 +51 =42 -14 -18 +50 =29 =40 5
37   Curt Hansen (Denmark) 2590 =17 =6 =19 =31 -11 =38 -26 =49 =47 +52 =35 5
38   Miguel Illescas (Spain) 2625 =51 =10 -21 =13 =33 =37 =41 +28 -18 =40 =32 5
39   Vladimir Akopian (Armenia) 2600 =34 -1 =14 +52 =44 =32 =40 -25 =29 =35 =41 5
40   Zoltán Ribli (Hungary) 2610 -4 +50 =44 =21 =26 =30 =39 -42 =33 =38 =36 5
41   Eduardas Rozentalis (Lithuania) 2600 -5 +52 -17 -11 =43 +54 =38 =33 -19 +53 =39 5
42   Alex Yermolinsky (United States) 2605 -22 -32 +50 =48 +45 =36 =34 +40 -9 =44 -15 5
43   Lev Polugaevsky (Belarus) 2605 -24 =53 =48 -28 =41 =50 =51 =35 =45 +49 =29 5
44   Alexander Khalifman (Russia) 2645 =47 =27 =40 =15 =39 =14 =10 =32 -11 =42 -28 4½
45   Kiril Georgiev (Bulgaria) 2660 =49 +14 -1 -27 -42 =18 =53 =48 =33 -30 +54 4½
46   Mikhail Gurevich (Belgium) 2605 -23 =48 =28 =51 +49 =34 -21 +50 -17 -33 =47 4½
47   Christopher Lutz (Germany) 2605 =44 -31 =54 -26 -12 +53 -48 +52 =37 =50 =46 4½
48   Loek van Wely (Netherlands) 2585 -16 =46 =43 =42 -19 =49 +47 =45 -34 -28 =53 4
49   Jóhann Hjartarson (Iceland) 2605 =45 =21 -6 =54 -46 =48 =33 =37 =28 -43 =52 4
50   Patrick Wolff (United States) 2585 -20 -40 -42 +53 =52 =43 +54 -46 -36 =47 =51 4
51   Vadim Ruban (Russia) 2590 =38 =19 -16 =46 -36 =52 =43 -17 -53 =54 =50 3½
52   Simen Agdestein (Norway) 2610 -2 -41 +53 -39 =50 =51 -18 -47 +54 -37 =49 3½
53   Friso Nijboer (Netherlands) 2555 -7 =43 -52 -50 =18 -47 =45 =54 +51 -41 =48 3½
54   Zsuzsa Polgár (Hungary) 2545 =15 -25 =47 =49 =35 -41 -50 =53 -52 =51 -45 3

1994–95 Candidates Tournament edit

The top seven from the Qualifying tournament were joined by Nigel Short, the loser of the 1993 PCA championship match against Kasparov.

The first round of Candidates matches were best of eight games, the semifinals were best of 10, and the final was best of 12. If the scores were tied, sets of two rapid chess games were played as tie breakers, until one player had a lead.

The quarterfinal matches were held at the Trump Tower in New York City in June 1994 and opened by Donald Trump. The semifinals were played in Linares in September 1994, and the final in Las Palmas in March 1995.[3]

1995 Championship match edit

The final was played at the World Trade Center, on the 107th floor of the South Tower.[4]

The first player to reach 10½ points would be the winner.

PCA World Chess Championship Match 1995[5]
Rating (change) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Total
  Viswanathan Anand (India) 2725 (+13) ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 7½
  Garry Kasparov (Russia) 2795 (-13) ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 1 1 ½ 1 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 10½

The match began with eight consecutive draws, a record for the World Chess Championship until the 2018 Carlsen–Caruana match. In game 9 Anand, with white, broke through Kasparov's Sicilian Scheveningen defence to win. Kasparov hit back immediately in game 10, with a novelty in the Ruy Lopez Open Defence.

Game 11 was arguably the turning point in the match. Kasparov sprung a major surprise by playing the Sicilian Dragon with black – a once-popular defence which at the time was only played at the top level by a few specialists. Anand missed a comparatively simple combination and lost. After a draw in game 12, Anand again played weakly against the Dragon in game 13, losing again with white to go two points down.

When Anand lost game 14, Kasparov had a commanding 8½-5½ lead and the match was effectively over. The players drew their remaining games.[6]

References edit

  1. ^ The name "Classical" was not used at the time, but is the name generally used for the title since it was coined for the Classical World Chess Championship 2004.
  2. ^ 1993 Groningen PCA Qualifying Tournament, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
  3. ^ 1994-95 PCA Candidates Matches, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
  4. ^ The Week in Chess 358, 17 September, 2001
  5. ^ The Week in Chess 53, 15 October, 1995
  6. ^ PCA World Chess Championship 1995 2013-12-04 at the Wayback Machine, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages

External links edit

January 01, 1970
classical, world, chess, championship, 1995, known, time, world, chess, championship, 1995, held, from, september, 1995, october, 1995, 107th, floor, south, tower, world, trade, center, york, city, garry, kasparov, defending, champion, played, viswanathan, ana. The Classical World Chess Championship 1995 known at the time as the PCA World Chess Championship 1995 1 was held from September 10 1995 to October 16 1995 on the 107th floor of the South Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City Garry Kasparov the defending champion played Viswanathan Anand the challenger in a twenty game match Kasparov won the match after eighteen games with four wins one loss and thirteen draws Classical World Chess Championship 1995 Defending championChallenger Garry KasparovViswanathan Anand Garry KasparovViswanathan Anand 10 Scores7 Born 13 April 1963 32 years oldBorn 11 December 1969 25 years old Winner of the 1993 PCA World Chess ChampionshipWinner of the 1994 95 Candidates Tournament Rating 2805 World No 1 Rating 2715 World No 4 19932000 Contents 1 Background 2 1993 Qualifying tournament 3 1994 95 Candidates Tournament 4 1995 Championship match 5 References 6 External linksBackground editIn 1993 the reigning FIDE World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov decided to split from FIDE because he felt the organisation was corrupt and formed a rival organisation the PCA Professional Chess Association In response FIDE stripped Kasparov of his status and organised an event to determine a new champion this event was won by Anatoly Karpov Kasparov claimed that as he had not been defeated by a challenger to his title in a match and in fact had defeated the rightful challenger Nigel Short in 1993 that he was still the reigning world champion Thus for the first time since the inaugural World Championship in 1886 there were two rival World Chess Championships The PCA ran a world championship cycle similar in format to that in use by FIDE at the time It was to be the only full championship cycle run under the auspices of the PCA 1993 Qualifying tournament editThe PCA held a qualifying tournament and Candidates matches in 1993 1995 A number of leading players did not participate most notably FIDE World Champion Anatoly Karpov The events were held at a similar time as the FIDE World Chess Championship 1996 with many of the same players playing in both The Qualifying tournament in Groningen in December 1993 had 54 players participating in an 11 round Swiss system tournament with the top seven qualifying for the Candidates Tournament 2 1993 PCA Qualifying Tournament Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total 1 nbsp Michael Adams England 2635 33 39 45 23 5 7 4 11 2 6 3 7 2 nbsp Viswanathan Anand India 2725 52 5 7 30 22 20 8 6 1 3 4 7 3 nbsp Gata Kamsky United States 2645 13 30 33 19 17 4 5 16 23 2 1 7 4 nbsp Vladimir Kramnik Russia 2710 40 20 22 35 25 3 1 8 24 9 2 7 5 nbsp Sergei Tiviakov Russia 2635 41 2 34 29 1 22 3 20 6 25 8 7 6 nbsp Boris Gulko United States 2635 29 37 49 20 10 8 22 2 5 1 11 7 7 nbsp Oleg Romanishin Ukraine 2615 53 24 2 25 9 1 28 10 26 22 20 7 8 nbsp Alexei Shirov Latvia 2685 11 36 23 22 32 6 2 4 12 16 5 6 9 nbsp Sergey Dolmatov Russia 2630 18 33 13 12 7 23 27 21 42 4 16 6 10 nbsp Eric Lobron Germany 2575 19 38 11 36 6 17 44 7 15 14 25 6 11 nbsp Ivan Sokolov Bosnia and Herzegovina 2610 8 28 10 41 37 24 31 1 44 26 6 6 12 nbsp Jeroen Piket Netherlands 2590 25 22 35 9 47 15 24 34 8 20 18 6 13 nbsp Robert Hubner Germany 2605 3 34 9 38 15 25 32 29 14 24 22 6 14 nbsp Julio Granda Peru 2605 21 45 39 18 30 44 36 27 13 10 23 6 15 nbsp Rafael Vaganian Armenia 2615 54 26 21 44 13 12 17 30 10 23 42 6 16 nbsp Predrag Nikolic Bosnia and Herzegovina 2625 48 23 51 24 34 31 20 3 22 8 9 6 17 nbsp Judit Polgar Hungary 2630 37 29 41 32 3 10 15 51 46 31 27 6 18 nbsp Lembit Oll Estonia 2595 9 35 25 14 53 45 52 36 38 21 12 6 19 nbsp Jaan Ehlvest Estonia 2620 10 51 37 3 48 29 35 26 41 32 24 6 20 nbsp Joel Benjamin United States 2620 50 4 31 6 23 2 16 5 21 12 7 6 21 nbsp Veselin Topalov Bulgaria 2670 14 49 15 40 29 27 46 9 20 18 33 6 22 nbsp Alexander Beliavsky Ukraine 2635 42 12 4 8 2 5 6 23 16 7 13 5 23 nbsp Evgeny Bareev Russia 2660 46 16 8 1 20 9 29 22 3 15 14 5 24 nbsp Gregory Kaidanov United States 2640 43 7 30 16 27 11 12 31 4 13 19 5 25 nbsp Julian Hodgson England 2625 12 54 18 7 4 13 30 39 27 5 10 5 26 nbsp Boris Alterman Israel 2585 35 15 32 47 40 28 37 19 7 11 31 5 27 nbsp Alexey Vyzmanavin Russia 2605 31 44 36 45 24 21 9 14 25 34 17 5 28 nbsp Ljubomir Ljubojevic Yugoslavia 2595 36 11 46 43 31 26 7 38 49 48 44 5 29 nbsp Leonid Yudasin Israel 2605 6 17 38 5 21 19 23 13 39 36 43 5 30 nbsp Gregory Serper Uzbekistan 2575 32 3 24 2 14 40 25 15 35 45 34 5 31 nbsp Ilya Smirin Israel 2640 27 47 20 37 28 16 11 24 32 17 26 5 32 nbsp Alexander Chernin Hungary 2615 30 42 26 17 8 39 13 44 31 19 38 5 33 nbsp Vladimir Tukmakov Ukraine 2600 1 9 3 34 38 35 49 41 40 46 21 5 34 nbsp Vladimir Malaniuk Ukraine 2635 39 13 5 33 16 46 42 12 48 27 30 5 35 nbsp Viktor Korchnoi Switzerland 2625 26 18 12 4 54 33 19 43 30 39 37 5 36 nbsp Zurab Azmaiparashvili Georgia 2630 28 8 27 10 51 42 14 18 50 29 40 5 37 nbsp Curt Hansen Denmark 2590 17 6 19 31 11 38 26 49 47 52 35 5 38 nbsp Miguel Illescas Spain 2625 51 10 21 13 33 37 41 28 18 40 32 5 39 nbsp Vladimir Akopian Armenia 2600 34 1 14 52 44 32 40 25 29 35 41 5 40 nbsp Zoltan Ribli Hungary 2610 4 50 44 21 26 30 39 42 33 38 36 5 41 nbsp Eduardas Rozentalis Lithuania 2600 5 52 17 11 43 54 38 33 19 53 39 5 42 nbsp Alex Yermolinsky United States 2605 22 32 50 48 45 36 34 40 9 44 15 5 43 nbsp Lev Polugaevsky Belarus 2605 24 53 48 28 41 50 51 35 45 49 29 5 44 nbsp Alexander Khalifman Russia 2645 47 27 40 15 39 14 10 32 11 42 28 4 45 nbsp Kiril Georgiev Bulgaria 2660 49 14 1 27 42 18 53 48 33 30 54 4 46 nbsp Mikhail Gurevich Belgium 2605 23 48 28 51 49 34 21 50 17 33 47 4 47 nbsp Christopher Lutz Germany 2605 44 31 54 26 12 53 48 52 37 50 46 4 48 nbsp Loek van Wely Netherlands 2585 16 46 43 42 19 49 47 45 34 28 53 4 49 nbsp Johann Hjartarson Iceland 2605 45 21 6 54 46 48 33 37 28 43 52 4 50 nbsp Patrick Wolff United States 2585 20 40 42 53 52 43 54 46 36 47 51 4 51 nbsp Vadim Ruban Russia 2590 38 19 16 46 36 52 43 17 53 54 50 3 52 nbsp Simen Agdestein Norway 2610 2 41 53 39 50 51 18 47 54 37 49 3 53 nbsp Friso Nijboer Netherlands 2555 7 43 52 50 18 47 45 54 51 41 48 3 54 nbsp Zsuzsa Polgar Hungary 2545 15 25 47 49 35 41 50 53 52 51 45 31994 95 Candidates Tournament editThe top seven from the Qualifying tournament were joined by Nigel Short the loser of the 1993 PCA championship match against Kasparov The first round of Candidates matches were best of eight games the semifinals were best of 10 and the final was best of 12 If the scores were tied sets of two rapid chess games were played as tie breakers until one player had a lead The quarterfinal matches were held at the Trump Tower in New York City in June 1994 and opened by Donald Trump The semifinals were played in Linares in September 1994 and the final in Las Palmas in March 1995 3 QuarterfinalsSemifinalsFinal nbsp Gata Kamsky4 nbsp Vladimir Kramnik1 nbsp Gata Kamsky5 nbsp Nigel Short1 nbsp Nigel Short6 nbsp Boris Gulko5 nbsp Gata Kamsky4 nbsp Viswanathan Anand6 nbsp Michael Adams7 nbsp Sergei Tiviakov6 nbsp Michael Adams1 nbsp Viswanathan Anand5 nbsp Viswanathan Anand5 nbsp Oleg Romanishin21995 Championship match editThe final was played at the World Trade Center on the 107th floor of the South Tower 4 The first player to reach 10 points would be the winner PCA World Chess Championship Match 1995 5 Rating change 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Total nbsp Viswanathan Anand India 2725 13 1 0 0 0 0 7 nbsp Garry Kasparov Russia 2795 13 0 1 1 1 1 10 The match began with eight consecutive draws a record for the World Chess Championship until the 2018 Carlsen Caruana match In game 9 Anand with white broke through Kasparov s Sicilian Scheveningen defence to win Kasparov hit back immediately in game 10 with a novelty in the Ruy Lopez Open Defence Game 11 was arguably the turning point in the match Kasparov sprung a major surprise by playing the Sicilian Dragon with black a once popular defence which at the time was only played at the top level by a few specialists Anand missed a comparatively simple combination and lost After a draw in game 12 Anand again played weakly against the Dragon in game 13 losing again with white to go two points down When Anand lost game 14 Kasparov had a commanding 8 5 lead and the match was effectively over The players drew their remaining games 6 References edit The name Classical was not used at the time but is the name generally used for the title since it was coined for the Classical World Chess Championship 2004 1993 Groningen PCA Qualifying Tournament Mark Weeks Chess Pages 1994 95 PCA Candidates Matches Mark Weeks Chess Pages The Week in Chess 358 17 September 2001 The Week in Chess 53 15 October 1995 PCA World Chess Championship 1995 Archived 2013 12 04 at the Wayback Machine Mark Weeks Chess PagesExternal links editFor a match report see Special Report to ICC Kasparov Wins Match by Leigh Walker and Brian Karen BBC Coverage of game 9 https www youtube com watch v WkILpHyMuiw BBC Coverage of game 10 https www youtube com watch v tNfIlOZXFFM BBC Coverage of game 11 https www youtube com watch v ZrtQSpeQCYs BBC Coverage of game 13 https www youtube com watch v AwM3aFZm8dE BBC Coverage of game 14 https www youtube com watch v ZG0hFXTuhU4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Classical World Chess Championship 1995 amp oldid 1184572157, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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