Introversion Software
Introversion Software Limited is a British video game developer based in Walton-on-Thames, England.
| Company type | Private |
|---|---|
| Industry | Video games |
| Founded | 2001 |
| Headquarters | Walton-on-Thames, England |
Key people |
|
| Products | |
Number of employees | 12 (2017) |
| Website | introversion |
History edit
The company was founded in 2001 by three friends, Chris Delay, Mark Morris, and Thomas Arundel, who met as undergraduates at Imperial College London.[1] The company originally labelled itself "the last of the bedroom programmers" due to the trio working out of their homes – they moved into an office when working on their fourth game, Multiwinia. Their first released video game, Uplink, was programmed and designed almost exclusively by Chris, while Mark and Tom handled marketing, materials and the other business elements. Their small initial investment enabled them to buy CD-Rs and printer cartridges. Early copies of the game were handmade. The company was able to fully make back their investment within a few hours of accepting orders. A large community formed, and the team, along with a new programmer Andy Bainbridge, started work on two new games.
Darwinia was released to much critical acclaim and was eventually re-released via Steam on 14 December 2005[2] On 29 September 2006, Introversion Software launched its third game, DEFCON. Shortly after, Introversion had measured their bandwidth in terabytes for the first time. After the release of DEFCON, Introversion began work on a game called Subversion.[3] Their next game, however, was Multiwinia, a multiplayer follow-up to Darwinia, and was released on 19 September 2008.
Darwinia and Multiwinia were ported for the Xbox 360. This resulted in the eventual release of Darwinia+, which included both games, to the Xbox Live Arcade on 10 February 2010.[4]
Subversion delay and Prison Architect edit
After the release of Multiwinia in 2008, Introversion announced the commencement of working on a game called Subversion in December of that year.[3] This was followed by a series of blog-posts about the development of the game and its procedurally generated urban areas[5] and the game was shown at the World of Love event in 2010.[6] In October 2011, after three years in development, Subversion was announced as delayed.[7]
Their new game was announced as Prison Architect during the Humble Indie Bundle release of Introversion games and tech demos of Subversion material, along with a treasure hunt of information on the new game hidden within the tech demos.[8]
Financial history and independence edit
This section's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. (November 2023) |
After a low-key launch, Uplink was a critical and commercial success for Introversion. A visit to E3 2002 saw the team "rinse £10k in a week on speedboats and fast cars", but regret soon set in as they watched their income steadily decline, since "in the games industry, you make 75% of your total revenue for the product in the first 6 months".[9] By December 2002, then-publisher Strategy First had stopped paying royalties for Uplink; they would later file a Consumer Proposal, but were acquired by Silverstar Holdings in early 2005. Even with the cash flow from direct sales, Introversion ran out of money in the middle of 2003.[9] The company hovered on the edge of bankruptcy, with the team selling most of their worldly goods, as their second project and only hope for funds—Darwinia—"slipped relentlessly".[9]
Darwinia was eventually released in March 2005, but despite a strong opening weekend, sales soon slipped too low to sustain the company. Within six months, the developers were back on UK government benefits until November, when they contacted Valve "on a whim"[10] to try to set up a digital distribution deal on their Steam platform. Valve responded enthusiastically and, following a 14 December 2005 online launch, digital sales, which exposed the game to a new, global audience, kept the company going through to the release of their third game, DEFCON.
On 15 September 2006, the day DEFCON pre-orders were made available, Introversion spent their last £1500. Fortuitously, the game "did much much better than [they] ever imagined" and funds for at least the forthcoming twelve months quickly rolled in to replace it. Seemingly financially secure, the company place their eventual success largely at Valve's feet: "Steam has made Introversion a commercial success", Tom Arundel is quoted saying.[11]
By early 2010 the company was back in financial trouble. After spending over a year porting Darwinia+ to the Xbox 360, the game was not successful at launch. "It just really bombed. We missed the entire audience, I think", director Mark Morris said.[12] The launch was in fact so poor, the company was able to tell in the first 10 minutes that it would not make enough money to save the company.[12] At this time the company was so deeply in debt that by continuing operation the Directors faced criminal prosecution under UK insolvency law.[12] "Tom (Arundel) spent a lot of time in those final days genuinely convinced that we were trading insolvently, probably trading insolvently, which is a criminal offense. So he was arguing that we needed to stop immediately, completely down tools, or there was a very real possibility that we would face prosecution".[12]
Slowly Introversion's finances changed again. In Q3 2010 the company was able to add Steam achievements to DEFCON which resulted in the game being prominently featured in a sale.[12] Morris credits the $250,000 generated by the Steam promotion as saving the company.[13] Later, Introversion's games were featured in a Humble Indie Bundle that launched in November 2011. The "Humble Introversion Bundle" sold 190,261 bundles and generated $779,026.33. Introversion used the money for the ongoing development of their next game, entitled Prison Architect.[14]
As of 26 September 2015, Prison Architect had grossed over $19 million in sales, and over 1.25 million units of the game had been sold.[15] By the end of August 2016 when the final version '2.0' of Prison Architect was released, the number of individual players was given as two million.
Their next title, Scanner Sombre, was released in April 2017,[16] after a 9 month development stage. The game sold only 6000 copies upon its release. Chris Delay remarked that it had "bombed in a big way".[17] Virtual reality compatibility has been implemented into the game post-release, supporting both the HTC Vive and Oculus Rift, and was released in late June 2017,[18] marking the developer's first (and to date only) foray into VR.
In January 2019, Introversion and Paradox Interactive announced that the Prison Architect intellectual property was being sold on to Paradox for an undisclosed fee, so that Introversion could concentrate on new projects while Paradox continued to support and expand on the property.[19][20]
On 28 May 2022 Introversion announced their new science fiction themed video game The Last Starship, which is scheduled to be released in 2023.[21][22]
Games edit
- Uplink (2001)
- Darwinia (2005)
- DEFCON (2006)
- Multiwinia (2008)[23][24]
- Darwinia+ (2010)[25]
- Prison Architect (2015)
- Scanner Sombre (2017)[26]
- The Last Starship (2023)[21]
Other projects edit
- Subversion (cancelled)[27][3]
- Chronometer (optioned but not developed)[28]
- Wrong Wire (cancelled)[29][30]
- Order of Magnitude (cancelled)[31][32]
- Spacebots (cancelled)[30]
- Megaprocessor (cancelled)[30]
- Voxel Factory (cancelled)[30]
- Nanotech (cancelled)[30]
- Deep Space Industrial (cancelled)[30]
- Praxis (cancelled)[30]
References edit
- ^ . Introversion.co.uk. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
- ^ "Darwinia on Steam". from the original on 7 September 2016. Retrieved 3 September 2016.
- ^ a b c "Introversion • View topic – It's all in your head, Part 1". Forums.introversion.co.uk. 19 December 2006. from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
- ^ "Darwinia+". from the original on 20 June 2017. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
- ^ "Subversion Unveiled". Rock Paper Shotgun. from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
- ^ "See Subversion At World Of Love". Rock Paper Shotgun. 30 November 2010. from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
- ^ "New Introversion Project, Subversion Delayed". Rock Paper Shotgun. from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
- ^ "Introversion HumBundle And Hunt Updates". Rock Paper Shotgun. 30 November 2011. from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
- ^ a b c "Becoming a proper company....," 17 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine Tom, Introversion staff.
- ^ "Introversion talk Steam". The Steam Review. 15 July 2006. from the original on 2 December 2006. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
- ^ Hyman, Paul (March 2007). "State of the Industry: Digital Distribution". Game Developer. CMP Group. p. 14.
- ^ a b c d e "That which does not kill you..." from the original on 24 July 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ Gillen, Kieron (23 August 2010). "How A Steam Promotion Saved Introversion". from the original on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2014.
- ^ "Introversion • View topic – Number of players : Doubled". Forums.introversion.co.uk. from the original on 18 June 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
- ^ Purchese, Robert (30 September 2015). "Prison Architect earns $19m from 1.25m sales – but what's next?". Eurogamer. from the original on 6 February 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
- ^ "Introversion's Scanner Sombre surfacing on Wednesday". Rock Paper Shotgun. 24 April 2017. from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ Purchese, Robert (26 June 2017). "Prison Architect dev Introversion reflects upon Scanner Sombre, which "bombed in a big way"". Eurogamer. from the original on 30 November 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ Livingston, Christopher (13 May 2017). "Scanner Sombre is coming to VR". PC Gamer. from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
- ^ "Paradox Interactive acquires Prison Architect from Introversion Games". VentureBeat. 8 January 2019. from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
- ^ "Paradox acquires Prison Architect from Introversion Software". GamesIndustry.biz. from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
- ^ a b "EGX 2022 – Hands-On with The Last Starship!". Movies Games and Tech. 28 September 2022. from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
- ^ "The Last Starship on Steam". store.steampowered.com. from the original on 7 June 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
- ^ "'Last of the Bedroom Programmers' Announce Multiwinia on PC" from Introversion's press release Introversion Announces Multiwinia 28 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, 27 February 2007, 2:57 p.m.
- ^ "Welcome to Paradise – Introversion". from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2008.
- ^ "Darwinia+ XBLA Xbox Live Arcade". from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
- ^ "Scanner Sombre – Introversion". from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
- ^ Welsh, Oli. "Rezzed Sessions: Why Subversion sucked and Prison Architect won't". Eurogamer. from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
- ^ "Chronometer – Introversion". from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2008.
- ^ "Wrong Wire – Rock, Paper, Shotgun – PC Game Reviews, Previews, Subjectivity". from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Failed Prototypes". from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
- ^ "Order of Magnitude". Rock Paper Shotgun. from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ "Introversion has stepped away from Order of Magnitude, but the game's DNA lives on in next project". PC Games Insider. from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
External links edit
- Introversion Software's website