The Chivay obsidian source (15.6423° S, 71.5355° W, 4972 masl) is the geological origin of a chemical group of obsidian that is found throughout the south-central Andean highlands including southern Peru and western Bolivia. Chemical characterization studies using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) have shown that the Chivay obsidian source, also known as the Cotallalli type or the Titicaca Basin type, makes up over 90% of the obsidian artifacts analyzed from the Lake Titicaca Basin.
Obsidian from the Chivay source is found in large and homogeneous nodules in a high altitude volcanic depression approximately 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) to the east of the town of Chivay in the Colca Valley (Caylloma, Arequipa, Peru).[1]
Consumption sitesedit
Obsidian from the Chivay source has been chemically identified among artifacts from over fifty sites in the south-central Andes. Chivay obsidian was the predominant type found at the Archaic and Formative site of Jiskairumoko on the western side of Lake Titicaca in the Ilave Valley of Puno, Peru.
Brooks, Sarah O.; Glascock, Michael D.; Giesso, Martin (1997), "Source of volcanic glass for ancient Andean tools", Nature, vol. 376, no. 6624, pp. 449–450, Bibcode:1997Natur.386..449B, doi:10.1038/386449a0, S2CID 44469940
Burger, Richard L.; Asaro, Frank; Salas, Guido; Stross, Fred (1998), "The Chivay obsidian source and the geological origin of Titicaca Basin type obsidian artifacts", Andean Past, vol. 5, pp. 203–223
Burger, Richard L.; Mohr-Chávez, Karen L.; Chávez, Sergio J. (2000), "Through the Glass Darkly: Prehispanic obsidian procurement and exchange in southern Peru and northern Bolivia", Journal of World Prehistory, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 267–362, doi:10.1023/a:1026509726643, S2CID 160153428
Giesso, Martin (2000), Stone Tool Production in the Tiwanaku Heartland: the Impact of State Emergence and Expansion on Local Households, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Chicago
Giesso, Martin (2003), "Stone tool production in the Tiwanaku heartland", in Kolata, Alan L. (ed.), Tiwanaku and Its Hinterland: Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization, vol. 2, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 363–383
Palacios, O.; de la Cruz, J.; de la Cruz, N.; Klinck, B. A.; Allison, R. A.; Hawkins, M. P. (1993), Geología de la Cordillera Occidental y Altiplano al oeste del Lago Titicaca-sur del Perú, Boletín No. 42, República del Perú, Sector Energía y Metalúrgico, Lima
Shackley, Steve M. (2005), Obsidian: Geology and archaeology in the North American southwest, Tucson: University of Arizona Press
Tripcevich, Nicholas (2007), Quarries, Caravans, and Routes to Complexity: Prehispanic Obsidian in the South-Central Andes, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara
chivay, obsidian, source, this, article, uses, bare, urls, which, uninformative, vulnerable, link, please, consider, converting, them, full, citations, ensure, article, remains, verifiable, maintains, consistent, citation, style, several, templates, tools, ava. This article uses bare URLs which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting such as reFill documentation and Citation bot documentation August 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article may be too technical for most readers to understand Please help improve it to make it understandable to non experts without removing the technical details May 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Chivay obsidian source 15 6423 S 71 5355 W 4972 masl is the geological origin of a chemical group of obsidian that is found throughout the south central Andean highlands including southern Peru and western Bolivia Chemical characterization studies using X ray fluorescence XRF and Neutron Activation Analysis NAA have shown that the Chivay obsidian source also known as the Cotallalli type or the Titicaca Basin type makes up over 90 of the obsidian artifacts analyzed from the Lake Titicaca Basin Obsidian from the Chivay source is found in large and homogeneous nodules in a high altitude volcanic depression approximately 10 kilometres 6 2 mi to the east of the town of Chivay in the Colca Valley Caylloma Arequipa Peru 1 Consumption sites editObsidian from the Chivay source has been chemically identified among artifacts from over fifty sites in the south central Andes Chivay obsidian was the predominant type found at the Archaic and Formative site of Jiskairumoko on the western side of Lake Titicaca in the Ilave Valley of Puno Peru References edit http mapaspects org tripcevich papers presentations tripcevich phd dissertation Brooks Sarah O Glascock Michael D Giesso Martin 1997 Source of volcanic glass for ancient Andean tools Nature vol 376 no 6624 pp 449 450 Bibcode 1997Natur 386 449B doi 10 1038 386449a0 S2CID 44469940 Burger Richard L Asaro Frank Salas Guido Stross Fred 1998 The Chivay obsidian source and the geological origin of Titicaca Basin type obsidian artifacts Andean Past vol 5 pp 203 223 Burger Richard L Mohr Chavez Karen L Chavez Sergio J 2000 Through the Glass Darkly Prehispanic obsidian procurement and exchange in southern Peru and northern Bolivia Journal of World Prehistory vol 14 no 3 pp 267 362 doi 10 1023 a 1026509726643 S2CID 160153428 Giesso Martin 2000 Stone Tool Production in the Tiwanaku Heartland the Impact of State Emergence and Expansion on Local Households Ph D Dissertation University of Chicago Giesso Martin 2003 Stone tool production in the Tiwanaku heartland in Kolata Alan L ed Tiwanaku and Its Hinterland Archaeology and Paleoecology of an Andean Civilization vol 2 Washington D C Smithsonian Institution Press pp 363 383 Palacios O de la Cruz J de la Cruz N Klinck B A Allison R A Hawkins M P 1993 Geologia de la Cordillera Occidental y Altiplano al oeste del Lago Titicaca sur del Peru Boletin No 42 Republica del Peru Sector Energia y Metalurgico Lima Shackley Steve M 2005 Obsidian Geology and archaeology in the North American southwest Tucson University of Arizona Press Tripcevich Nicholas 2007 Quarries Caravans and Routes to Complexity Prehispanic Obsidian in the South Central Andes Ph D Dissertation University of California Santa Barbara15 38 32 S 71 32 08 W 15 6423 S 71 5355 W 15 6423 71 5355 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chivay obsidian source amp oldid 1193423032, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
