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Chevé Cave

April 14, 2024

Sistema Cheve (/ˈtʃeɪveɪ/ CHEV-ay; Spanish: Cueva Cheve, Sistema Cheve) is a deep cave located in the Sierra Juárez mountain range in the southern Mexico state of Oaxaca. As of June 2023, its deepest point has been measured at 1,529 metres (5,016 ft) deep,[2] This makes it the second deepest known cavern in Mexico and the Americas, as well as the world's 11th deepest cave.[3] More than 55 miles (89 km) of passageways have been mapped within the cave.[2]

Sistema Cheve
LocationSierra Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico
Coordinates17°51′52″N 96°47′40″W / 17.864336°N 96.794342°W / 17.864336; -96.794342
Dimensions1,529 metres (5,016 ft) deep.
87.2 kilometres (54.2 mi) total length.[1]

As of 2021, the present limit of exploration in Cheve, at 11.77 kilometres (7.31 mi) from the nearest entrance,[1] represents one of the most remote locations ever attained inside any cave on Earth. The logistics of reaching this point are enormous: more than two kilometers of rope need to be rigged and seven underground camps established.[4][1] Chevé is the deepest proven freshwater hydrological system in the world.[5] Temperatures in Chevé are moderate, ranging from 8 to 11 °C (46 to 52 °F). It has been most thoroughly explored under the leadership of caver Bill Stone.[6]

Exploration history edit

Chevé Cave was discovered in the mid-1980s by Bill Farr and Carol Vesely. Since then it has been pushed to the depth of 1,529 metres (5,016 ft), making it the second deepest cave in the Americas. As of 2015 the cave system had the greatest proven depth potential in the world as proven by a dye trace from its main entrance to the resurgence 2,547 metres (8,356 ft) lower. The terminus of the main Chevé system is a large breakdown pile reached after diving through two sumps. It is just over 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from the entrance, making it one of the most remote underground locations on Earth. Due to the logistical difficulties of continuing exploration from this point, expeditions are focusing on finding mid-way entrances that might provide a quicker route into the middle Chevé system.[7]

On March 1, 1991, Indiana caver, Christopher Yeager, made a fatal mistake while rappelling the 23 metres (75 ft) drop in Chevé Cave.[8] Eleven days after the accident, Yeager was buried in a passage near where he fell.[9] On February 8, 1992, almost a year after his death, a team of Yeager's caving friends used ropes and pulleys to pull his body to the surface which was returned to his family in Indiana.[10]

In 2004, an international caving expedition led by the U.S. Deep Caving Team discovered a new cave they named J2. The entrance of J2 located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the Chevé Cave entrance. J2 appears to head in the direction of Chevé Cave, with a predicted intersection beyond the tunnel collapse that stopped the team in 2003. Current expeditions are underway to find a connection between J2 and Chevé Cave, which will produce a cave system more than 2 kilometres (6,600 ft) in depth. The integration of the entire system will produce a 2,597 metres (8,520 ft) deep cave and would represent the deepest cave in the world.[11][12]

During the years 2017, 2018 and 2019 Chevé Cave reached 55 kilometres (34 mi) in length and a depth of 1,524 metres (5,000 ft) compared to the Palomitas cave entrance[13]

In 2021, an entire new section of the cave was discovered, increasing its known length to 76,735 metres (251,755 ft) and its depth to 1,536 metres (5,039 ft).[1]

The 2022 National Geographic TV film "Explorer: the Deepest Cave" documents the further exploration of the cave in 2021 as it was taking place by Bill Stone and a large team.[14][15] The exploration team discovered that the cave appeared to end in a terminal sump. Chevé possibly continues down a drop. However, the expedition ran out of bolts and rope, and they could not navigate the drop without safety equipment.

Archaeology edit

Pre-Hispanic peoples used Chevé Cave for their ceremonial practices. In the Cuicatec region, most beliefs focus on a mystical figure called Señor del Cerro ("Lord of the Hill") who dwells in Chevé and cures souls is said to reside there. Numerous Cuicatec artifacts have been found within its passages. On January 24 and 25, 1988, the Chevé Archaeological Project (CAP) led by American archaeologist Janet Fitzsimmons in cooperation with archaeologists from the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH) Oaxaca division, explored, recorded and mapped portions of the cave. They discovered impressive jade beads, a wooden mask, in situ vessels, buried human remains and obsidian blades, believed to have been used in bloodletting ceremonies. The greatest find of the survey was a turquoise mosaic tablet that was discovered in Chamber 1 of the cave, named the Cueva Chevé Tablet. The tablet dates to the Late Postclassic Period (1250–1500 AD). One quadrant pattern includes a battle scene with winners and losers. The cave was also likely used from the Classic Period (250–750 AD), and evidence that the cave continues to be used ceremonially today by the local Cuicatecs.[16] In the spring of 1990 and 1991, three archaeological chambers in the cave were excavated by a team of speleologists and archaeologists from the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH). Chevé Cave quickly gained notoriety as the deepest cave in the Americas and foot traffic to the cave increased significantly. A decision was made to take the artifacts to the Oaxaca Regional Museum of INAH so they were not looted and to prevent further humidity damage.[17]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d Stone, Bill (12 June 2021). "2021 Sistema Cheve Expedition: Initial Report" (PDF). Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  2. ^ a b Tony, Bradley (1 June 2022). "Intrepid Explorers Strive To Prove Cheve Is The Deepest Cave In The World". Forbes. Retrieved 21 Feb 2024. How about more than 5,118 feet—just 162 feet short of a mile. That is the currently established depth of Chevé as of April 2021... So far, more than 87.2 kilometres (54.2 mi) of passageways have been mapped with Chevé.
  3. ^ Gulden, Bob. "World's Deepest Caves". NSS Geo2. Retrieved 23 February 2015.
  4. ^ "2013 J2 Expedition". 14 March 2013. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  5. ^ Frederick, Donald (19 October 1992). "Exploring Sistema Cheve: More Than Records at Stake". Observer Reporter. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  6. ^ Zasky, Jason (July 2010). "To the Supercave". Failure Magazine. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  7. ^ Covington, Matt. "Sistema Cheve". www.speleophysics.com. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  8. ^ Taber, James. "Blind Descent: Into the Deepest Caves on Earth". npr.org. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  9. ^ Tapie, Mauricio. "El Sistema Chevé, uno de los systems de caverns max profundas del mundo (Oaxaca)". Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  10. ^ "Body of Caver Who Died March 1, Pulled to the Surface". Orlando Sentinel. February 17, 1992. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  11. ^ Lillestolen, Jon. "2009 J2 Expedition". usdct.org. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  12. ^ "2013 J2 Expedition". usdct.org.
  13. ^ "2021 Sistema Chevé Expedition". usdct.org.
  14. ^ "The Deepest Cave". imdb.com. IMDB. 2022. Retrieved 21 Feb 2024.
  15. ^ . natgeotv.com. National Geographic. Archived from the original on 2022-07-02. Retrieved 21 Feb 2024.
  16. ^ Fitzsimmons, Janet. "Cave Rituals in Oaxaca, Mexico" (PDF). cavetexas.org. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  17. ^ Janet, Fitzsimmons (1997). "Cueva Cheve Tablet" (PDF). Journal of Cave and Karst Studies. Retrieved 22 February 2015.

External links edit

April 14, 2024
chevé, cave, sistema, cheve, chev, spanish, cueva, cheve, sistema, cheve, deep, cave, located, sierra, juárez, mountain, range, southern, mexico, state, oaxaca, june, 2023, deepest, point, been, measured, metres, deep, this, makes, second, deepest, known, cave. Sistema Cheve ˈ tʃ eɪ v eɪ CHEV ay Spanish Cueva Cheve Sistema Cheve is a deep cave located in the Sierra Juarez mountain range in the southern Mexico state of Oaxaca As of June 2023 its deepest point has been measured at 1 529 metres 5 016 ft deep 2 This makes it the second deepest known cavern in Mexico and the Americas as well as the world s 11th deepest cave 3 More than 55 miles 89 km of passageways have been mapped within the cave 2 Sistema CheveLocationSierra Juarez Oaxaca MexicoCoordinates17 51 52 N 96 47 40 W 17 864336 N 96 794342 W 17 864336 96 794342Dimensions1 529 metres 5 016 ft deep 87 2 kilometres 54 2 mi total length 1 As of 2021 update the present limit of exploration in Cheve at 11 77 kilometres 7 31 mi from the nearest entrance 1 represents one of the most remote locations ever attained inside any cave on Earth The logistics of reaching this point are enormous more than two kilometers of rope need to be rigged and seven underground camps established 4 1 Cheve is the deepest proven freshwater hydrological system in the world 5 Temperatures in Cheve are moderate ranging from 8 to 11 C 46 to 52 F It has been most thoroughly explored under the leadership of caver Bill Stone 6 Contents 1 Exploration history 2 Archaeology 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksExploration history editCheve Cave was discovered in the mid 1980s by Bill Farr and Carol Vesely Since then it has been pushed to the depth of 1 529 metres 5 016 ft making it the second deepest cave in the Americas As of 2015 the cave system had the greatest proven depth potential in the world as proven by a dye trace from its main entrance to the resurgence 2 547 metres 8 356 ft lower The terminus of the main Cheve system is a large breakdown pile reached after diving through two sumps It is just over 9 kilometres 5 6 mi from the entrance making it one of the most remote underground locations on Earth Due to the logistical difficulties of continuing exploration from this point expeditions are focusing on finding mid way entrances that might provide a quicker route into the middle Cheve system 7 On March 1 1991 Indiana caver Christopher Yeager made a fatal mistake while rappelling the 23 metres 75 ft drop in Cheve Cave 8 Eleven days after the accident Yeager was buried in a passage near where he fell 9 On February 8 1992 almost a year after his death a team of Yeager s caving friends used ropes and pulleys to pull his body to the surface which was returned to his family in Indiana 10 In 2004 an international caving expedition led by the U S Deep Caving Team discovered a new cave they named J2 The entrance of J2 located 5 kilometres 3 1 mi northeast of the Cheve Cave entrance J2 appears to head in the direction of Cheve Cave with a predicted intersection beyond the tunnel collapse that stopped the team in 2003 Current expeditions are underway to find a connection between J2 and Cheve Cave which will produce a cave system more than 2 kilometres 6 600 ft in depth The integration of the entire system will produce a 2 597 metres 8 520 ft deep cave and would represent the deepest cave in the world 11 12 During the years 2017 2018 and 2019 Cheve Cave reached 55 kilometres 34 mi in length and a depth of 1 524 metres 5 000 ft compared to the Palomitas cave entrance 13 In 2021 an entire new section of the cave was discovered increasing its known length to 76 735 metres 251 755 ft and its depth to 1 536 metres 5 039 ft 1 The 2022 National Geographic TV film Explorer the Deepest Cave documents the further exploration of the cave in 2021 as it was taking place by Bill Stone and a large team 14 15 The exploration team discovered that the cave appeared to end in a terminal sump Cheve possibly continues down a drop However the expedition ran out of bolts and rope and they could not navigate the drop without safety equipment Archaeology editPre Hispanic peoples used Cheve Cave for their ceremonial practices In the Cuicatec region most beliefs focus on a mystical figure called Senor del Cerro Lord of the Hill who dwells in Cheve and cures souls is said to reside there Numerous Cuicatec artifacts have been found within its passages On January 24 and 25 1988 the Cheve Archaeological Project CAP led by American archaeologist Janet Fitzsimmons in cooperation with archaeologists from the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia INAH Oaxaca division explored recorded and mapped portions of the cave They discovered impressive jade beads a wooden mask in situ vessels buried human remains and obsidian blades believed to have been used in bloodletting ceremonies The greatest find of the survey was a turquoise mosaic tablet that was discovered in Chamber 1 of the cave named the Cueva Cheve Tablet The tablet dates to the Late Postclassic Period 1250 1500 AD One quadrant pattern includes a battle scene with winners and losers The cave was also likely used from the Classic Period 250 750 AD and evidence that the cave continues to be used ceremonially today by the local Cuicatecs 16 In the spring of 1990 and 1991 three archaeological chambers in the cave were excavated by a team of speleologists and archaeologists from the Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia INAH Cheve Cave quickly gained notoriety as the deepest cave in the Americas and foot traffic to the cave increased significantly A decision was made to take the artifacts to the Oaxaca Regional Museum of INAH so they were not looted and to prevent further humidity damage 17 See also editKrubera Cave List of Caves List of caves in Mexico List of deepest cavesReferences edit a b c d Stone Bill 12 June 2021 2021 Sistema Cheve Expedition Initial Report PDF Retrieved 18 July 2021 a b Tony Bradley 1 June 2022 Intrepid Explorers Strive To Prove Cheve Is The Deepest Cave In The World Forbes Retrieved 21 Feb 2024 How about more than 5 118 feet just 162 feet short of a mile That is the currently established depth of Cheve as of April 2021 So far more than 87 2 kilometres 54 2 mi of passageways have been mapped with Cheve Gulden Bob World s Deepest Caves NSS Geo2 Retrieved 23 February 2015 2013 J2 Expedition 14 March 2013 Retrieved 21 February 2015 Frederick Donald 19 October 1992 Exploring Sistema Cheve More Than Records at Stake Observer Reporter Retrieved 22 February 2015 Zasky Jason July 2010 To the Supercave Failure Magazine Retrieved 22 February 2015 Covington Matt Sistema Cheve www speleophysics com Retrieved 22 February 2015 Taber James Blind Descent Into the Deepest Caves on Earth npr org Retrieved 22 February 2015 Tapie Mauricio El Sistema Cheve uno de los systems de caverns max profundas del mundo Oaxaca Retrieved 21 February 2015 Body of Caver Who Died March 1 Pulled to the Surface Orlando Sentinel February 17 1992 Retrieved 22 February 2015 Lillestolen Jon 2009 J2 Expedition usdct org Retrieved 22 February 2015 2013 J2 Expedition usdct org 2021 Sistema Cheve Expedition usdct org The Deepest Cave imdb com IMDB 2022 Retrieved 21 Feb 2024 Explorer The Deepest Cave About the Show natgeotv com National Geographic Archived from the original on 2022 07 02 Retrieved 21 Feb 2024 Fitzsimmons Janet Cave Rituals in Oaxaca Mexico PDF cavetexas org Retrieved 22 February 2015 Janet Fitzsimmons 1997 Cueva Cheve Tablet PDF Journal of Cave and Karst Studies Retrieved 22 February 2015 External links edithttps web archive org web 20150223022436 http www oaxaca travel com guide natural php getdoc true amp lang us amp doc home amp section amp atractivo 11 05 04 01 http nssmembersforum proboards com index cgi board Business amp action print amp thread 12 https web archive org web 20160304001603 https books nationalgeographic com ngm caverace week1 index html https web archive org web 20150223034127 http www cancord com blog to hell and back beyond sump 4 to the core of the sierra juarez part 1 http articles latimes com 1992 11 01 news mn 1695 1 cave exploration https web archive org web 20150223024058 http speleogenesis info isth info directory karstbase publication php id 8771 http montanismo org 2003 sistema cheve la caverna mas profunda de america https books google com books id LpTIIZ GpAC amp q cheve amp pg PA6 https web archive org web 20150223003447 http hennessyhammock com articles scientific explorations http philippelopes free fr SistemaCheve htm https books google com books id KDy2AgAAQBAJ amp q Cheve amp pg PA32 https books google com books id vPVJlRi91bwC amp dq sistema Cheve amp pg PA4 https books google com books id MY0PAQAAQBAJ amp dq sistema Cheve amp pg RA1 PA270 http www caverbob com wdeep htm https www petzl com apex Web NewsDetail animationId a7Cw0000000PBj3EAG amp l gb amp language en amp localCountryCode US amp tab Community amp universId a3120000000HMf4AAG amp userFriendlyUrl 2Fen 2FSport 2FNews 2F2017 5 3 2FChris Higgins Explores Cueva Cheve and Nita N Tau amp userFriendlyUrlOrig 2FGB 2Fen 2FSport 2FNews 2F2017 5 3 2FChris Higgins Explores Cueva Cheve and Nita N Tau Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cheve Cave amp oldid 1209480270, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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