The chestnut-backed thornbird is 19 to 21 cm (7.5 to 8.3 in) long and weighs about 33 to 39 g (1.2 to 1.4 oz). It is the longest member of its genus and has the longest bill. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a light gray-brown supercilium that extends beyond the eye and spreads, a thin dark brownish "mask", and dull tawny brownish ear coverts. Their crown is dark gray-brown with dull rufous streaks, their upper back grayish brown blending to their chestnut lower back, their rump grayish brown, and their uppertail coverts reddish brown-tinged grayish brown. Their wings are mostly shades of brown with some rufescence and chestnut flight feathers that have fuscous tips. Their tail's central pair of feathers are dull chestnut with browner inner webs and the rest rufous-chestnut with dull brown tips. Their throat and malar area are white, their upper breast tawny brownish with rufous sides and whitish spots that form an irregular band, their lower breast and belly mottled whitish and brownish, and their undertail coverts rufescent brownish with vague mottling. Their iris is gray, their maxilla dark olive-horn to dark horn, their mandible silver-gray to olive-gray, and their legs and feet gray to blue-gray.[4]
Distribution and habitatedit
The chestnut-backed thornbird is endemic to Peru. It is known only from a few locations in the upper valley of the Marañón River, in the departments of Cajamarca, La Libertad, and possibly Ancash. It inhabits arid montane scrublands, typically those with short Prosopis or Acacia macracantha trees. In elevation it mostly ranges between 1,800 and 3,100 m (5,900 and 10,200 ft) but occasionally occurs as high as 3,400 m (11,200 ft).[4]
Behavioredit
Movementedit
The chestnut-backed thornbird is a year-round resident throughout its range.[4]
Feedingedit
The chestnut-backed thornbird's diet has not been studied but appears to be arthropods. It usually forages singly or in pairs, gleaning prey from branches and foliage up to about 4 m (13 ft) above the ground.[4]
Breedingedit
The chestnut-backed thornbird's breeding season is not known. It is thought to be monogamous. It builds a large cylindrical nest of sticks near the tip of a tree branch. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.[4]
Songs and calls
Listen to chestnut-backed thornbird on xeno-canto
Vocalizationedit
The chestnut-backed thornbird's song is a "series of ticking 'chit-chit-chit-chit-chit' notes given for long periods and varying in intensity, either alone or accelerating and breaking into a loud, even loudsong 'chup-chup-chupchupchupchuppppp' accelerating at the end".[4]
Statusedit
The IUCN originally in 1988 assessed the chestnut-backed thornbird as Near Threatened, then in 2000 as Vulnerable, and since 2020 again as Near Threatened. It has a very small and fragemented range and its estimated population of between 6000 and 15,000 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing. "Habitat in the Marañón drainage has deteriorated progressively under a prolonged period of cultivation...Fire and clearance of land for agriculture are the principal threats." "The species apparently tolerates some degree of habitat alteration, but whether it can complete its life-cycle or occur at existing densities in heavily cultivated areas is not known."[1] It is considered uncommon and does not occur in any protected areas, so "creation of a reserve is thus a high priority".[4]
Referencesedit
^ abcBirdLife International (2020). "Chestnut-backed Thornbird Phacellodomus dorsalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22702624A180764072. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22702624A180764072.en. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
^ abGill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
^Derryberry, E. P., S. Claramunt, G. Derryberry, R. T. Chesser, J. Cracraft, A. Aleixo, J. Pérez-Emán, J. V. Remsen, Jr., and R. T. Brumfield. (2011). Lineage diversification and morphological evolution in a large-scale continental radiation: the Neotropical ovenbirds and woodcreepers (Aves: Furnariidae). Evolution 65(10):2973–2986. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01374.x
^ abcdefgRemsen, Jr., J. V. and C. J. Sharpe (2020). Chestnut-backed Thornbird (Phacellodomus dorsalis), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.chbtho1.01 retrieved September 20, 2023
External linksedit
BirdLife Species Factsheet.
January 01, 1970
chestnut, backed, thornbird, chestnut, backed, thornbird, phacellodomus, dorsalis, near, threatened, species, bird, family, furnariidae, endemic, peru, conservation, status, near, threatened, iucn, scientific, classification, domain, eukaryota, kingdom, animal. The chestnut backed thornbird Phacellodomus dorsalis is a Near Threatened species of bird in the family Furnariidae It is endemic to Peru 2 1 Chestnut backed thornbird Conservation status Near Threatened IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Passeriformes Family Furnariidae Genus Phacellodomus Species P dorsalis Binomial name Phacellodomus dorsalisSalvin 1895 Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Movement 4 2 Feeding 4 3 Breeding 4 4 Vocalization 5 Status 6 References 7 External linksTaxonomy and systematics editThe chestnut backed thornbird is monotypic 2 It and the spot breasted thornbird P maculipectus are sister species 3 Description editThe chestnut backed thornbird is 19 to 21 cm 7 5 to 8 3 in long and weighs about 33 to 39 g 1 2 to 1 4 oz It is the longest member of its genus and has the longest bill The sexes have the same plumage Adults have a light gray brown supercilium that extends beyond the eye and spreads a thin dark brownish mask and dull tawny brownish ear coverts Their crown is dark gray brown with dull rufous streaks their upper back grayish brown blending to their chestnut lower back their rump grayish brown and their uppertail coverts reddish brown tinged grayish brown Their wings are mostly shades of brown with some rufescence and chestnut flight feathers that have fuscous tips Their tail s central pair of feathers are dull chestnut with browner inner webs and the rest rufous chestnut with dull brown tips Their throat and malar area are white their upper breast tawny brownish with rufous sides and whitish spots that form an irregular band their lower breast and belly mottled whitish and brownish and their undertail coverts rufescent brownish with vague mottling Their iris is gray their maxilla dark olive horn to dark horn their mandible silver gray to olive gray and their legs and feet gray to blue gray 4 Distribution and habitat editThe chestnut backed thornbird is endemic to Peru It is known only from a few locations in the upper valley of the Maranon River in the departments of Cajamarca La Libertad and possibly Ancash It inhabits arid montane scrublands typically those with short Prosopis or Acacia macracantha trees In elevation it mostly ranges between 1 800 and 3 100 m 5 900 and 10 200 ft but occasionally occurs as high as 3 400 m 11 200 ft 4 Behavior editMovement edit The chestnut backed thornbird is a year round resident throughout its range 4 Feeding edit The chestnut backed thornbird s diet has not been studied but appears to be arthropods It usually forages singly or in pairs gleaning prey from branches and foliage up to about 4 m 13 ft above the ground 4 Breeding edit The chestnut backed thornbird s breeding season is not known It is thought to be monogamous It builds a large cylindrical nest of sticks near the tip of a tree branch Nothing else is known about its breeding biology 4 nbsp Songs and calls Listen to chestnut backed thornbird on xeno canto Vocalization edit The chestnut backed thornbird s song is a series of ticking chit chit chit chit chit notes given for long periods and varying in intensity either alone or accelerating and breaking into a loud even loudsong chup chup chupchupchupchuppppp accelerating at the end 4 Status editThe IUCN originally in 1988 assessed the chestnut backed thornbird as Near Threatened then in 2000 as Vulnerable and since 2020 again as Near Threatened It has a very small and fragemented range and its estimated population of between 6000 and 15 000 mature individuals is believed to be decreasing Habitat in the Maranon drainage has deteriorated progressively under a prolonged period of cultivation Fire and clearance of land for agriculture are the principal threats The species apparently tolerates some degree of habitat alteration but whether it can complete its life cycle or occur at existing densities in heavily cultivated areas is not known 1 It is considered uncommon and does not occur in any protected areas so creation of a reserve is thus a high priority 4 References edit a b c BirdLife International 2020 Chestnut backed Thornbird Phacellodomus dorsalis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T22702624A180764072 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 3 RLTS T22702624A180764072 en Retrieved 20 September 2023 a b Gill Frank Donsker David Rasmussen Pamela eds July 2023 Ovenbirds woodcreepers IOC World Bird List v 13 2 Retrieved July 31 2023 Derryberry E P S Claramunt G Derryberry R T Chesser J Cracraft A Aleixo J Perez Eman J V Remsen Jr and R T Brumfield 2011 Lineage diversification and morphological evolution in a large scale continental radiation the Neotropical ovenbirds and woodcreepers Aves Furnariidae Evolution 65 10 2973 2986 https doi org 10 1111 j 1558 5646 2011 01374 x a b c d e f g Remsen Jr J V and C J Sharpe 2020 Chestnut backed Thornbird Phacellodomus dorsalis version 1 0 In Birds of the World J del Hoyo A Elliott J Sargatal D A Christie and E de Juana Editors Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow chbtho1 01 retrieved September 20 2023External links editBirdLife Species Factsheet Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chestnut backed thornbird amp oldid 1176255663, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
