Chełmno, often known by its full name Chełmno nad Nerem (pronounced [ˈxɛu̯mnɔ ˌnad ˈnɛrɛm]; meaning Chełmno on the Ner river) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dąbie, within Koło County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.[1] It lies approximately 19 km (12 mi) south-east of Koło and 135 km (84 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań. The village has a population of 350. It is the location of the Chełmno Extermination Camp Museum (pl) founded in 1994.[2]
Chełmno nad Nerem
Village
Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Chełmno, where during World War II Jews were held overnight prior to their transfer to the old Chełmno castle, which served as an extermination camp.
In the Second Partition of Poland, in 1793, the village was annexed by Prussia. In 1807, it was regained by Poles and included within the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw, and following the duchy's dissolution in 1815, it fell to the Russian Partition of Poland. In 1827, the village had a population of 335.[4] During the January Uprising, on October 7, 1863, a Polish insurgent unit repulsed a Cossack attack near Chełmno.[5] Following World War I, in 1918, Poland regained independence and control of the village.
In 1987, the Holocaust Museum in Chełmno was established as branch of the District Museum in Konin. The site has been the subject of historical studies for decades, and a lot of preliminary work has already been done between 1961 and 1964; but also, serious mistakes were made at that time, for example, the remnants of the original gas van were not saved.[6]
In the 1980s aerial photography was used to map out the precise location of the mass graves, the barracks and the field crematorium. Further archeological studies were conducted, and the foundations of various camp structures were unearthed and preserved, including the Las rzuchowski (Rzuchowski forest) cemetery. They were followed by archival research and interviews with the locals. The construction of the actual museum began in 1988. It was inaugurated on June 17, 1990 along with the newly built Wall of Remembrance 37.5 meters (123 feet) long. The new memorials are still being added to the site. The camp museum is visited by around 50,000 guests annually.[6]
References
^"Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)" (in Polish). 2008-06-01.
^. Archived from the original on 2016-10-30. Retrieved 2016-10-30.
^ abSłownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XV cz.1 (in Polish). Warszawa. 1900. p. 303.
^ abSłownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom I (in Polish). Warszawa. 1880. p. 560.
^Zieliński, Stanisław (1913). Bitwy i potyczki 1863-1864. Na podstawie materyałów drukowanych i rękopiśmiennych Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu (in Polish). Rapperswil: Fundusz Wydawniczy Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu. p. 47.
^ abZbigniew Pakuła. . Były Obóz Zagłady w Chełmnie nad Nerem (in Polish). Biuro Muzeum w Chełmnie. pp. 1 of 5. Archived from the original on September 22, 2012. Retrieved October 31, 2012.
External links
Media related to Chełmno nad Nerem at Wikimedia Commons
April 29, 2023
chełmno, nerem, nazi, german, extermination, camp, located, near, this, village, chełmno, extermination, camp, town, northern, poland, chełmno, village, western, poland, chełmno, szamotuły, county, chełmno, often, known, full, name, pronounced, ˈxɛu, mnɔ, ˌnad. For the Nazi German extermination camp located near this village see Chelmno extermination camp For the town in northern Poland see Chelmno For the village in western Poland see Chelmno Szamotuly County Chelmno often known by its full name Chelmno nad Nerem pronounced ˈxɛu mnɔ ˌnad ˈnɛrɛm meaning Chelmno on the Ner river is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dabie within Kolo County Greater Poland Voivodeship in west central Poland 1 It lies approximately 19 km 12 mi south east of Kolo and 135 km 84 mi east of the regional capital Poznan The village has a population of 350 It is the location of the Chelmno Extermination Camp Museum pl founded in 1994 2 Chelmno nad NeremVillageChurch of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Chelmno where during World War II Jews were held overnight prior to their transfer to the old Chelmno castle which served as an extermination camp Chelmno nad NeremCoordinates 52 6 49 N 18 44 55 E 52 11361 N 18 74861 E 52 11361 18 74861 Coordinates 52 6 49 N 18 44 55 E 52 11361 N 18 74861 E 52 11361 18 74861Country PolandVoivodeship Greater PolandCountyKoloGminaDabiePopulation350Time zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Vehicle registrationPKLHighwaysVoivodeship roadsHistory EditThe oldest known mention of the village comes from the Bull of Gniezno of 1136 In 1284 Duke of Greater Poland and future King of Poland Przemysl II confirmed the donation of the village to the Archdiocese of Gniezno 3 A local parish church surely existed already in 1521 4 Jan Laski turned the village into a town which was confirmed by King Sigismund I the Old of Poland in 1530 however soon Chelmno became a village again 3 Administratively it was located in the Leczyca County in the Leczyca Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Polish Crown In the Second Partition of Poland in 1793 the village was annexed by Prussia In 1807 it was regained by Poles and included within the short lived Duchy of Warsaw and following the duchy s dissolution in 1815 it fell to the Russian Partition of Poland In 1827 the village had a population of 335 4 During the January Uprising on October 7 1863 a Polish insurgent unit repulsed a Cossack attack near Chelmno 5 Following World War I in 1918 Poland regained independence and control of the village Memorial at the site of the former death camp During World War II from 1939 to 1945 the village was occupied by Germany which renamed it German Kulmhof an der Nehr It is the historic site of the Chelmno extermination camp operated in 1941 1945 by Nazi Germany In 1987 the Holocaust Museum in Chelmno was established as branch of the District Museum in Konin The site has been the subject of historical studies for decades and a lot of preliminary work has already been done between 1961 and 1964 but also serious mistakes were made at that time for example the remnants of the original gas van were not saved 6 In the 1980s aerial photography was used to map out the precise location of the mass graves the barracks and the field crematorium Further archeological studies were conducted and the foundations of various camp structures were unearthed and preserved including the Las rzuchowski Rzuchowski forest cemetery They were followed by archival research and interviews with the locals The construction of the actual museum began in 1988 It was inaugurated on June 17 1990 along with the newly built Wall of Remembrance 37 5 meters 123 feet long The new memorials are still being added to the site The camp museum is visited by around 50 000 guests annually 6 References Edit Central Statistical Office GUS TERYT National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal in Polish 2008 06 01 Chelmno Extermination Camp Museum Muzeum bylego niemieckiego Obozu Zaglady Kulmhof w Chelmnie nad Nerem Homepage Archived from the original on 2016 10 30 Retrieved 2016 10 30 a b Slownik geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego i innych krajow slowianskich Tom XV cz 1 in Polish Warszawa 1900 p 303 a b Slownik geograficzny Krolestwa Polskiego i innych krajow slowianskich Tom I in Polish Warszawa 1880 p 560 Zielinski Stanislaw 1913 Bitwy i potyczki 1863 1864 Na podstawie materyalow drukowanych i rekopismiennych Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu in Polish Rapperswil Fundusz Wydawniczy Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswilu p 47 a b Zbigniew Pakula Upamietnienie ofiar Byly Oboz Zaglady w Chelmnie nad Nerem in Polish Biuro Muzeum w Chelmnie pp 1 of 5 Archived from the original on September 22 2012 Retrieved October 31 2012 External links Edit Media related to Chelmno nad Nerem at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chelmno nad Nerem amp oldid 1151233103, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
