Carl Frei (4 April 1884 – 10 May 1967)[1] was a German organ builder, composer and music arranger who founded a company that manufactured fairground and street organs.
Born in Schiltach in the Black Forest, Frei studied music in his early years. Aged nine, he was studying harmony and counterpoint at the Waldkirch academy of music. From age 14 on, well-known musical instrument factories such as Bruder, Gavioli, Mortier and DeVreese were employing him in Waldkirch and Paris.[2]
After World War I, Frei had to leave Belgium and he made his way to Breda, the Netherlands to repair what were popularly known as Dutch street organs, but were actually built in almost every mainland European country except the Netherlands, which was where they were most populous. Pre World War I, street organs were hand cranked and easily portable, but fell out of tune and repair due to the undulations of the cobbled Dutch streets. Frei started maintaining organs, but noticed that many owners wanted something louder (thanks to the increased street noise made by early cars), and distinct (thanks to the wider availability of the record player).
Frei began to make his own organs from 1920,[3] with a number of innovations. Firstly he devised a new organ register called the "bourdon céleste," which replaced the high-maintenance clarinets and vox humana's with two rows of stopped pipes with very bright intonation, one row tuned slightly sharp to the other.[4] Besides rebuilding older organs, Carl Frei started building new ones according to this concept. Into these he incorporated an amplified violin section by adding a violin-celeste stop, which was also tuned to this floating sound temperament. He also introduced the "undamaris" stop in the counter melody section while in the large (72 and 90 keys) organs they were incorporating stops with names like "bifoon I" (in melody) and "bifoon II" (in the countermelody). The biggest street version of these organs, with 90 keys, were true "castles of the street;" while the "Carl Frei Traveling Concert Organ" was considered to be the largest traveling fair organ in the world, with 112 keys.[5] One of these 112-key models is now in the Thursford Collection in Norfolk, England, and was purchased by the collection's founder, the late George Cushing in 1965.
Forced to leave the Netherlands after the Second World War, Frei returned to Waldkirch and the business continued, together with son Carl Frei Jnr, until the death of Carl Frei Jnr. in 1997. Carl Frei sr. died in Waldkirch in 1967, 83 years old.
Galleryedit
Lekkerkerker barrel organ, built by Carl Frei in 1926. (90 keys)
Bloemenmeid barrel organ (Flower Girl), originally built as Gavioli cylinder organ.
Antique Amsterdam Street Organ at Holland, Michigan, Windmill Island.
Fair organ by Karl Frei & Sohn, Waldkirch,[6] exhibited at Museum für Musikautomaten, Seewen.
^. Archived from the original on 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2008-03-23.
^He was the first to place this innovation in street organ "De Cello". This sound was soon loved by a growing crowd of organ enthusiasts, the glassy clear sound of the bourdon is nowadays regarded by listeners as typical of a Dutch street organ.Dutch Street organs, a brief summary 2008-06-15 at the Wayback Machine
^. Museum für Musikautomaten, Seewen. Archived from the original on 2011-05-24. Retrieved 2012-06-09.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carl Frei.
December 15, 2023
carl, frei, april, 1884, 1967, german, organ, builder, composer, music, arranger, founded, company, that, manufactured, fairground, street, organs, born, schiltach, black, forest, frei, studied, music, early, years, aged, nine, studying, harmony, counterpoint,. Carl Frei 4 April 1884 10 May 1967 1 was a German organ builder composer and music arranger who founded a company that manufactured fairground and street organs Born in Schiltach in the Black Forest Frei studied music in his early years Aged nine he was studying harmony and counterpoint at the Waldkirch academy of music From age 14 on well known musical instrument factories such as Bruder Gavioli Mortier and DeVreese were employing him in Waldkirch and Paris 2 After World War I Frei had to leave Belgium and he made his way to Breda the Netherlands to repair what were popularly known as Dutch street organs but were actually built in almost every mainland European country except the Netherlands which was where they were most populous Pre World War I street organs were hand cranked and easily portable but fell out of tune and repair due to the undulations of the cobbled Dutch streets Frei started maintaining organs but noticed that many owners wanted something louder thanks to the increased street noise made by early cars and distinct thanks to the wider availability of the record player Frei began to make his own organs from 1920 3 with a number of innovations Firstly he devised a new organ register called the bourdon celeste which replaced the high maintenance clarinets and vox humana s with two rows of stopped pipes with very bright intonation one row tuned slightly sharp to the other 4 Besides rebuilding older organs Carl Frei started building new ones according to this concept Into these he incorporated an amplified violin section by adding a violin celeste stop which was also tuned to this floating sound temperament He also introduced the undamaris stop in the counter melody section while in the large 72 and 90 keys organs they were incorporating stops with names like bifoon I in melody and bifoon II in the countermelody The biggest street version of these organs with 90 keys were true castles of the street while the Carl Frei Traveling Concert Organ was considered to be the largest traveling fair organ in the world with 112 keys 5 One of these 112 key models is now in the Thursford Collection in Norfolk England and was purchased by the collection s founder the late George Cushing in 1965 Forced to leave the Netherlands after the Second World War Frei returned to Waldkirch and the business continued together with son Carl Frei Jnr until the death of Carl Frei Jnr in 1997 Carl Frei sr died in Waldkirch in 1967 83 years old Gallery edit nbsp Lekkerkerker barrel organ built by Carl Frei in 1926 90 keys nbsp Bloemenmeid barrel organ Flower Girl originally built as Gavioli cylinder organ nbsp Antique Amsterdam Street Organ at Holland Michigan Windmill Island nbsp Fair organ by Karl Frei amp Sohn Waldkirch 6 exhibited at Museum fur Musikautomaten Seewen See also editDraaiorgel de Vijf Beelden Dutch street organ of the Five Figures built as Gasparini then rebuilt at Limonaire Freres Carl Frei etc References edit Carla Hentschel born Carla Frei http www frank hentschel de carl frei senior html Carl Frei senior Memorial Webpage retrieved 20 February 2016 Orgelbouwers UK Archived 2012 04 23 at the Wayback Machine Life of Guangzhou Brief Introduction of Automatic Musical Instruments Archived from the original on 2019 02 07 Retrieved 2008 03 23 He was the first to place this innovation in street organ De Cello This sound was soon loved by a growing crowd of organ enthusiasts the glassy clear sound of the bourdon is nowadays regarded by listeners as typical of a Dutch street organ Dutch Street organs a brief summary Archived 2008 06 15 at the Wayback Machine Carl Frei Concert Organ Fair organs Museum fur Musikautomaten Seewen Archived from the original on 2011 05 24 Retrieved 2012 06 09 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carl Frei Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Carl Frei amp oldid 1185259279, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
