Sulfate carbonate

The sulfate carbonates are a compound carbonates, or mixed anion compounds that contain sulfate and carbonate ions. Sulfate carbonate minerals are in the 7.DG and 5.BF Nickel-Strunz groupings.^[1]

Hanksite

They may be formed by crystallization from a water solution, or by melting a carbonate and sulfate together.

In some structures carbonate and sulfate can substitute for each other. For example a range from 1.4 to 2.2 Na₂SO₄•Na₂CO₃ is stable as a solid solution.^[2] Silvialite can substitute about half its sulfate with carbonate^[3] and the high temperature hexagonal form of sodium sulfate (I) Na₂SO₄ can substitute unlimited proportions of carbonate instead of sulfate.^[4]

Minerals

name	formula	system	space group	unit cell	volume Å^3	density	optical	ref
Brianyoungite	Zn12(CO3)3(SO4)(OH)16	Monoclinic	P21/m	a = 15.724 b = 6.256 c = 5.427 β = 90°	533.8	4.09	Biaxial nα = 1.635 nβ = 1.650	^[5]
Burkeite	Na6(CO3)(SO4)2	orthorhombic		a = 7.05 b = 9.21 c = 5.16	335.04	2.57	Biaxial (-) nα = 1.448 nβ = 1.489 nγ = 1.493 2V: measured: 34° , calculated: 32° Max birefringence: δ = 0.045	^[6]
Caledonite	Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6	Orthorhombic	Pmn21	a = 20.089 b = 7.146 c = 6.56	941.7	5.77	Biaxial (-) nα = 1.818(3) nβ = 1.866(3) nγ = 1.909(3) 2V: measured: 85° , calculated: 84° Max birefringence: δ = 0.091 bluish green	^[7]
Carraraite	Ca3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O	hexagonal	P63/m?	a = 11.056 c = 10.629	1125.17		Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.479(1) nε = 1.509(1) Max birefringence: δ = 0.030	^[8]
Carbonatecyanotrichite	Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O	Orthorhombic					Biaxial (+) nα = 1.616 nβ = 1.630 nγ = 1.677 2V: measured: 55° to 60°, calculated: 60° Max birefringence: δ = 0.061 pale blue	^[9]
Claraite	(Cu,Zn)15(AsO4)2(CO3)4(SO4)(OH)14·7H2O	triclinic	P1	a = 10.3343 b = 12.8212 c = 14.7889 α = 113.196°, β = 90.811°, γ = 89.818°	1800.9			^[10]
Ferrotychite	Na6(Fe,Mn,Mg)2(CO3)4(SO4)^[1]	Isometric	Fd3	a = 13.962	2,721.7	2.79	Isotropic n = 1.550	^[11]
Hanksite	Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl	hexagonal	P 63/m	a = 10.4896 c = 21.2415	2024.1	2.562	Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.481 nε = 1.461 Max birefringence: δ = 0.020	^[12]
Hauckite	Fe^3+3(Mg,Mn^2+)24Zn18(SO4)4(CO3)2(OH)81	hexagonal	P6/mmm	a = 9.17 c = 30.21	2200	3.02	Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.630 nε = 1.638 Max birefringence: δ = 0.008	^[13]
Jouravskite	Ca3Mn^4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O	Hexagonal	P63	a = 11.0713 c = 10.6265 Z=3	1128.02		Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.556 nε = 1.540 Max birefringence: δ = 0.016	^[14]
Korkinoite	Ca4(SO4)2(CO3)2 · 9H2O	Orthorhombic	Pmmm				Biaxial (+)	^[15]
Latiumite	(Ca,K)4(Si,Al)5O11(SO4,CO3)	Monoclinic		a = 12.06 Å, b = 5.08 Å, c = 10.81 Å β = 106°	636.6		Biaxial (+/-) nα = 1.600 - 1.603 nβ = 1.606 - 1.609 nγ = 1.614 - 1.615 2V: measured: 83° to 90°, calculated: 84° to 88° Max Birefringence: δ = 0.014	^[16]
Leadhillite	Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2	Monoclinic	P21/b	a = 9.11 b = 20.82 c = 11.59 β = 90.46°	2198	6.55	Biaxial (-) nα = 1.870 nβ = 2.009 nγ = 2.010 2V: 10° Max birefringence: δ = 0.140	^[17]^[18]
Macphersonite	Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2^[17]	Orthorhombic		a = 10.38 b = 23.05 c = 9.242	2211.8		Biaxial (-) nα = 1.870 nβ = 2.000 nγ = 2.010 2V: measured: 35° calculated: 28° Max birefringence: δ = 0.140	^[19]
Manganotychite	Na6(Mn,Fe,Mg)2(SO4)(CO3)4^[17]	Isometric	Fd3	a = 13.9951	2,741.12	2.7	n = 1.544 pink	^[20]
Mineevite-Y	Na25BaY2(SO4)11(HCO3)4(CO3)2F2Cl^[17]	Hexagonal	P63/m	a = 8.811 c = 37.03 Z=2	2489.6		Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.536 nε = 1.510 Max birefringence: δ = 0.026 pale green	^[21]
Nakauriite	Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6•48H2O	orthorhombic		a = 14.58 b = 11.47 c = 16.22	2,712.5	2.39	blue Biaxial (-) nα = 1.585 nβ = 1.604 nγ = 1.612 2V: measured: 65° , calculated: 64° Max birefringence: δ = 0.027	^[22]
Nasledovite	PbMn3Al4(CO3)4(SO4)O5 · 5H2O					3.069	Biaxial	^[23]
Paraotwayite	Ni(OH)2-x(SO4,CO3)0.5x	monoclinic		a = 7.89 b = 2.96 c = 13.63 β = 91.1°	318	3.30	Biaxial nα = 1.655 nγ = 1.705 Max birefringence: δ = 0.050 emerald-green	^[24]
Philolithite	Pb12Mn^2+(Mg,Mn^2+)2(Mn^2+,Mg)4(CO3)4(SO4)O6(OH)12Cl4^[1]	Tetragonal		a = 12.627 c = 12.595	2008.2		Biaxial (+) nα = 1.920 nβ = 1.940 nγ = 1.950 Max birefringence: δ = 0.030 apple green	^[25]
Putnisite	SrCa4Cr8^3+(CO3)8(SO4)(OH)16·25 H2O	Orthorhombic	Pnma	a = 15.351 b = 20.421 c = 18.270 Z = 4	5727.3		Biaxial(-); α = 1.552 nβ = 1.583 nγ = 1.599 Max birefringence: δ =0.047 violet	^[26]
Pyroaurite	Mg6Fe2(SO4,CO3)(OH)16·4H2O	Trigonal	R3_m	a = 3.1094 c = 23.4117	196.03	2.1	Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.564 nε = 1.543 Max birefringence: δ = 0.021	^[27]
		Hexagonal	P63/mmc	a = 3.113 c = 15.61	131.01
Rapidcreekite	Ca2(SO4)(CO3)•4H2O	orthorhombic		a = 15.49 b = 19.18 c = 6.15	1827.15		Biaxial (+) nα = 1.516 nβ = 1.518 nγ = 1.531 2V: measured: 45° , calculated: 44° Max birefringence: δ = 0.015	^[28]
Schröckingerite	NaCa3(UO2)(SO4)(CO3)3F•10(H2O)^[17]	triclinic	P1	a = 9.634 b = 9.635 c = 14.391 α = 91.41(1)°, β = 92.33(1)°, γ = 120.26(1)°			Biaxial (-) nα = 1.495 nβ = 1.543 nγ = 1.544 Max birefringence: δ = 0.049	^[29]
Susannite	Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2^[1]	trigonal	P3	a = 9.07 Å, c = 11.57 Å Z=3	824.62	6.52	clear	^[30]
Tatarskite	Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4•7H2O^[31]	Orthorhombic				2.341	nα = 1.567(2) nβ = 1.654(2) nγ = 1.722 biaxial(-) 2V=83	^[32]
Thaumasite	Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O	hexagonal	P63	a = 11.030 c = 10.396	1095.3		Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.507 nε = 1.468 Max birefringence: δ = 0.039	^[33]
Tychite	Na6Mg2(SO4)(CO3)4	Isometric	Fd3	a = 13.9038 Z=8	2687.82	2.456	isotropic	^[34]
Alloriite	Na19K6Ca5[Al22Si26O96](SO4)5Cl(CO3)x(H2O)	trigonal	P31c	a = 12.892 c = 21.340				^[35]
Potassium-Schröckingerite	KCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SO4)F•10H2O	triclinic					yellow	^[36]

Artificial

name	formula	formula weight	crystal system	space group	unit cell	volume	density	refractive index	comment	CAS	reference
	Na4CO3SO4		Hexagonal	P3m1	a=5.2284 c=6.8808 Z=1		2.538	uniaxial (-) n=~1.45			^[37]^[38]
	Mg4(OH)2(CO3)2SO4·6H2O										^[39]
LDH-SO4-CO3	Mg6Al2SO4CO3(OH)14·4H2O			P3m	a=3.070 c=22.3				layered		^[40]
	Co6Al2SO4CO3(OH)14·4H2O										^[40]
	Cu6Al2SO4CO3(OH)14·4H2O										^[40]
Complexes
Tetrammine carbonatocobalt(III) sulfate trihydrate	[Co(NH3)4CO3]2SO4·3H2O		Monoclinic	P21/c	a=7.455 b=10.609 c=23.627 β =98.346 Z=4	1849	1.88		dark red		^[41]
μ-Carbonato-bis(pentaamminecobalt(III)) sulfate tetrahydrate	[Co(NH3)5]2CO3SO4·4H2O								dark red	49731-04-6	^[42]
μ-Carbonato-μ-dihydroxo-bis(triamminecobalt(III)) sulfate pentahydrate	[(NH3)3Co(μ-OH)2(μ-CO3)Co(NH3)3]SO4 . 5H2O	500.21	Triclinic		a= 6.6914 b= 11.2847 c= 11.825, α = 92.766 β= 99.096 γ= 101.496	861.1	1.929		dark red	75476-69-6	^[43]

References

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