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Candidula

December 15, 2023

Candidula is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Geomitridae, . [2][3] the hairy snails and their allies.

Candidula
Two live individuals of Candidula unifasciata
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Order: Stylommatophora
Family: Geomitridae
Genus: Candidula
Kobelt, 1871[1]
Type species
Glischrus (Helix) candidula
Studer, 1820
Synonyms
  • Xeroalbina Monterosato, 1892
  • Xerocodia Monterosato, 1892
  • Xerotringa Monterosato, 1892
  • Xerovaga Monterosato, 1892

The genus is characterized by the presence of a big dart sac, a sac containing an arrow-like structure found on a land snail's reproductive organs.

Species edit

Species within the genus Candidula s.l. include:[4]

Species brought into synonymy
  • Candidula arganica (Servain, 1880): synonym of Zarateana arganica (Servain, 1880) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula belemensis (Servain, 1880): synonym of Xeroplexa belemensis (Servain, 1880)
  • Candidula camporroblensis (Fez, 1944): synonym of Backeljaia camporroblensis (Fez, 1944) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula corbellai Martínez-Ortí, 2011: synonym of Backeljaia corbellai (Martínez-Ortí, 2011) (original combination)
  • Candidula coudensis Holyoak & Holyoak, 2010: synonym of Xeroplexa coudensis (Holyoak & Holyoak, 2010) (original combination)
  • Candidula fiorii (Alzona & Alzona Bisacchi, 1938): synonym of Xerogyra fiorii (Alzona & Alzona Bisachii, 1938) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula gigaxii (Pfeiffer, 1847): synonym of Backeljaia gigaxii (L. Pfeiffer, 1847) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula grovesiana (Paulucci, 1881): synonym of Xerogyra grovesiana (Paulucii, 1881) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula intersecta (Poiret, 1801): synonym of Xeroplexa intersecta (Poiret, 1801) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula najerensis (Ortiz de Zárate y López, 1950): synonym of Backeljaia najerensis (Ortiz de Zárate y López, 1950) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula olisippensis (Servain, 1880): synonym of Xeroplexa olisippensis (Servain, 1880) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula rocandioi (Ortiz de Zárate y López, 1950): synonym of Zarateana rocandioi (Ortiz de Zárate y López, 1950) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula setubalensis (Pfeiffer, 1850): synonym of Xeroplexa setubalensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1850) (invalid combination)
  • Candidula spadae (Calcara, 1845): synonym of Xerogyra spadae (Calcara, 1845) (invalid combination)
  • † Candidula striataformis (Lörenthey, 1906): synonym of † Helicella striataformis (Lörenthey, 1906)
  • Candidula ultima (Mousson, 1872): synonym of Orexana ultima (Mousson, 1872) (invalid combination)

Taxonomy edit

Molecular phylogenetic studies revealed the polyphyly of the genus being divided into at least six genera[6]

The species of Candidula s.l. should be classified as follows:

References edit

  1. ^ (in German) Kobelt W. (1871). Catalog der im europäischen Faunengebiet lebenden Binnenconchylien. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der in Rossmässler's Sammlung enthaltenen Arten. pp. I-XVI [= 1-16], 1-150. Cassel. page 22. PDF.
  2. ^ MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Candidula Kobelt, 1871. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426353 on 2020-07-25
  3. ^ Razkin, Oihana; Gómez-Moliner, Benjamín Juán; Prieto, Carlos Enrique; Martínez-Ortí, Alberto; Arrébola, José Ramón; Muñoz, Benito; Chueca, Luis Javier; Madeira, María José (February 2015). "Molecular phylogeny of the western Palaearctic Helicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 83: 99–117. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.11.014. PMID 25485783.
  4. ^ Welter Schultes F.(2009). "Genus summary for Candidula". AnimalBase, Accessed 14 November 2014.
  5. ^ WMSDB: Candudula eustricta
  6. ^ Chueca, Luis J.; Gómez-Moliner, Benjamín J.; Madeira, María José; Pfenninger, Markus (January 2018). "Molecular phylogeny of Candidula (Geomitridae) land snails inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers reveals the polyphyly of the genus". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 118: 357–368. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.10.022. PMID 29107619.
  • Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16th, 2017.

External links edit

  • Monterosato, T. A. di. (1892). Molluschi terrestri delle isole adiacenti alla Sicilia. Atti della Reale Accademia di Scienze, Lettere e Belle Arti di Palermo. 3rd Series, 2: 1-34
  • Chueca, L. J., Gómez-Moliner, B. J., Madeira, M. J. & Pfenninger, M. (2018). Molecular phylogeny of Candidula (Geomitridae) land snails inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers reveals the polyphyly of the genus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 118: 357-368
 
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December 15, 2023
candidula, genus, breathing, land, snails, terrestrial, pulmonate, gastropod, mollusks, family, geomitridae, hairy, snails, their, allies, live, individuals, unifasciatascientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingdom, animaliaphylum, molluscaclass, gastropo. Candidula is a genus of air breathing land snails terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Geomitridae 2 3 the hairy snails and their allies CandidulaTwo live individuals of Candidula unifasciataScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum MolluscaClass GastropodaSubclass HeterobranchiaOrder StylommatophoraFamily GeomitridaeGenus CandidulaKobelt 1871 1 Type speciesGlischrus Helix candidulaStuder 1820SynonymsXeroalbina Monterosato 1892 Xerocodia Monterosato 1892 Xerotringa Monterosato 1892 Xerovaga Monterosato 1892The genus is characterized by the presence of a big dart sac a sac containing an arrow like structure found on a land snail s reproductive organs Contents 1 Species 2 Taxonomy 3 References 4 External linksSpecies editSpecies within the genus Candidula s l include 4 Candidula candidescens A J Wagner 1928 taxon inquirendum Candidula castriota Soos 1924 Candidula cavannae Paulucci 1881 Candidula codia Bourguignat 1859 Candidula eustricta Bourguignat 1863 5 Candidula lernaea Hausdorf 1991 Candidula rhabdotoides Wagner 1928 Candidula rugosiuscula Michaud 1831 Candidula soosi Gaal 1910 Candidula syrensis Pfeiffer 1846 species complex taxon inquirendum Candidula unifasciata Poiret 1801 type species Candidula verticillata Pfeiffer 1871 taxon inquirendum generic affiliation unclear Species brought into synonymyCandidula arganica Servain 1880 synonym of Zarateana arganica Servain 1880 invalid combination Candidula belemensis Servain 1880 synonym of Xeroplexa belemensis Servain 1880 Candidula camporroblensis Fez 1944 synonym of Backeljaia camporroblensis Fez 1944 invalid combination Candidula corbellai Martinez Orti 2011 synonym of Backeljaia corbellai Martinez Orti 2011 original combination Candidula coudensis Holyoak amp Holyoak 2010 synonym of Xeroplexa coudensis Holyoak amp Holyoak 2010 original combination Candidula fiorii Alzona amp Alzona Bisacchi 1938 synonym of Xerogyra fiorii Alzona amp Alzona Bisachii 1938 invalid combination Candidula gigaxii Pfeiffer 1847 synonym of Backeljaia gigaxii L Pfeiffer 1847 invalid combination Candidula grovesiana Paulucci 1881 synonym of Xerogyra grovesiana Paulucii 1881 invalid combination Candidula intersecta Poiret 1801 synonym of Xeroplexa intersecta Poiret 1801 invalid combination Candidula najerensis Ortiz de Zarate y Lopez 1950 synonym of Backeljaia najerensis Ortiz de Zarate y Lopez 1950 invalid combination Candidula olisippensis Servain 1880 synonym of Xeroplexa olisippensis Servain 1880 invalid combination Candidula rocandioi Ortiz de Zarate y Lopez 1950 synonym of Zarateana rocandioi Ortiz de Zarate y Lopez 1950 invalid combination Candidula setubalensis Pfeiffer 1850 synonym of Xeroplexa setubalensis L Pfeiffer 1850 invalid combination Candidula spadae Calcara 1845 synonym of Xerogyra spadae Calcara 1845 invalid combination Candidula striataformis Lorenthey 1906 synonym of Helicella striataformis Lorenthey 1906 Candidula ultima Mousson 1872 synonym of Orexana ultima Mousson 1872 invalid combination Taxonomy editMolecular phylogenetic studies revealed the polyphyly of the genus being divided into at least six genera 6 The species of Candidula s l should be classified as follows Backeljaia Backeljaia camporroblensis Fez 1944 Backeljaia corbellai Martinez Orti 2011 Backeljaia gigaxii Pfeiffer 1847 type species Backeljaia najerensis Ortiz de Zarate y Lopez 1950 Candidula Orexana Orexana ultima Mousson 1872 type species Xerogyra Xerogyra fiorii Alzona amp Alzona Bisacchi 1938 Xerogyra grovesiana Paulucci 1881 Xerogyra spadae Calcara 1845 Xeroplexa Xeroplexa arrabidensis Holyoak amp Holyoak 2014 Xeroplexa belemensis Servain 1880 synonym of Xeroplexa belemensis Servain 1880 Xeroplexa carrapateirensis Holyoak amp Holyoak 2014 Xeroplexa coudensis Holyoak amp Holyoak 2010 Xeroplexa intersecta Poiret 1801 Xeroplexa olisippensis Servain 1880 Xeroplexa ponsulensis Holyoak amp Holyoak 2014 Xeroplexa scabiosula Locard 1899 Xeroplexa setubalensis Pfeiffer 1850 type species Xeroplexa strucki Maltzan 1886 Zarateana Zarateana arganica Servain 1880 type species Zarateana rocandioi Ortiz de Zarate y Lopez 1950 References edit in German Kobelt W 1871 Catalog der im europaischen Faunengebiet lebenden Binnenconchylien Mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der in Rossmassler s Sammlung enthaltenen Arten pp I XVI 1 16 1 150 Cassel page 22 PDF MolluscaBase eds 2020 MolluscaBase Candidula Kobelt 1871 Accessed through World Register of Marine Species at http www marinespecies org aphia php p taxdetails amp id 426353 on 2020 07 25 Razkin Oihana Gomez Moliner Benjamin Juan Prieto Carlos Enrique Martinez Orti Alberto Arrebola Jose Ramon Munoz Benito Chueca Luis Javier Madeira Maria Jose February 2015 Molecular phylogeny of the western Palaearctic Helicoidea Gastropoda Stylommatophora Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 83 99 117 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2014 11 014 PMID 25485783 Welter Schultes F 2009 Genus summary for Candidula AnimalBase Accessed 14 November 2014 WMSDB Candudula eustricta Chueca Luis J Gomez Moliner Benjamin J Madeira Maria Jose Pfenninger Markus January 2018 Molecular phylogeny of Candidula Geomitridae land snails inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers reveals the polyphyly of the genus Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 118 357 368 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2017 10 022 PMID 29107619 Bank R A 2017 Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World Last update July 16th 2017 External links editMonterosato T A di 1892 Molluschi terrestri delle isole adiacenti alla Sicilia Atti della Reale Accademia di Scienze Lettere e Belle Arti di Palermo 3rd Series 2 1 34 Chueca L J Gomez Moliner B J Madeira M J amp Pfenninger M 2018 Molecular phylogeny of Candidula Geomitridae land snails inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers reveals the polyphyly of the genus Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 118 357 368 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Candidula nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Candidula This Geomitridae related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Candidula amp oldid 1162734068, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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