The CDR computerized assessment system (CDR system) is a computerized battery of cognitive tests designed in the late 1970s by Professor Keith Wesnes at the University of Reading in Berkshire, England, for repeated testing in clinical trials. Task stimuli are presented in a laptop computer and participants respond via 'YES' and 'NO' buttons on a two-button response box, which records both the accuracy and reaction time.
The CDR system is a computer based cognitive testing tool, developed to assess both enhancement and impairment of human cognitive performance. The CDR system's simplicity, sensitivity and specificity makes it acceptable to be used in clinical trials with either healthy subjects or diseased patient populations. The CDR system software is loaded onto laptop computers for testing in medical clinics. An internet version of the CDR system is available using keyboard commands to measure responses. Ancillary equipment is used for specific cognitive tests such as a postural stability (sway) meter, a critical flicker fusion device or joysticks for CDR's tracking test.
The CDR system is a series of brief neuropsychological tests that assess major aspects of cognitive function known to be influenced by a wide variety of factors including trauma, fatigue, stress, nutrition, ageing, disease (both physical and mental), medicines and drugs. The standard battery of cognitive tests in The CDR system includes immediate/delayed word recall, word recognition, picture recognition, simple reaction time, digit vigilance, choice reaction time, numeric working memory, and spatial working memory. Individual tests can be added to or removed from the battery to target specific cognitive domains. Examples of tests that can be added include measurements of executive function, mood states, social cognition, motor function and postural stability. The standard battery of tests lasts 18 minutes.
The CDR system tasks have proven validity in definitively measuring cognitive function in a variety of domains including attention, working memory, episodic secondary memory, executive function, and motor skill.
In September, 2009, Cognitive Drug Research was acquired by United BioSource Corporation. UBC division Bracket continues to offer the CDR System for use in clinical research.
Wesnes, K.A.; McKeith, I.G.; Ferrara, R.; Emre, M.; Del Ser, T.; Spano, P.F.; Cicin-Sain, A.; Anand, R.; Spiegel, R. (March 2002). "Effects of Rivastigmine on Cognitive Function in Dementia with Lewy Bodies: A Randomised Placebo-Controlled International Study Using the Cognitive Drug Research Computerised Assessment System". Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 13 (3): 183–192. doi:10.1159/000048651. PMID 11893841. S2CID 36661364.
Simpson, Pauline M.; Surmon, D.J.; Wesnes, Keith A.; Wilcock, G.K. (February 1991). "The Cognitive Drug Research Computerized Assessment System for Demented Patients: A Validated Study". International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 6 (2): 95–102. doi:10.1002/gps.930060208. S2CID 146708002.
Nicholl, Claire G.; Lynch, Sean; Kelly, Cornelius A.; White, Linda; Simpson, Pauline M.; Wesnes, Keith A.; Pitt, Brice M.N. (March 1995). "The cognitive drug research computerized assessment system in the evaluation of early dementia-is speed of the essence". International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 10 (3): 199–206. doi:10.1002/gps.930100306. S2CID 144286781.
Moon, G.; Manktelow, T.C. (2002). "Cognitive deficits in recently diagnosed untreated patients with Parkinson's disease". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 16 (Suppl): A31.
McKeith, I.; Del Ser, T.; Spano, P.; Emre, M.; Wesnes, K.; Anand, R.; Cicin-Sain, A.; Ferrara, R.; Spiegel, R. (16 December 2000). "Efficacy of rivastigmine in dementia with Lewy bodies: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled international study". The Lancet. 356 (9247): 2031–2036. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03399-7. PMID 11145488. S2CID 24738811.
Macher, J.-P. (2004). "Modafinil reverses the marked attentional deficits produced by acute sleep deprivation in healthy volunteers". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 18 (Suppl): A48.
Harrington, Frances; Saxby, Brian K.; McKeith, Ian G.; Wesnes, Keith; Ford, Gary A. (December 2000). "Cognitive Performance in Hypertensive and Normotensive Older Subjects". Hypertension. 36 (6): 1079–1082. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.36.6.1079. PMID 11116128.
Wesnes, K.; Neuman, E.; de Wilde, H.J.G.; Malbezin, M.; Crijns, H.J.M.J.; Jonkman, J.H.G.; Guez, D. (1994). "Pharmacodynamic effects of a repeated oral administration of 4 dose levels of S 12024-2 in 36 elderly volunteers". Neurobiology of Aging. 15 (Suppl 1): S100. doi:10.1016/0197-4580(94)92864-9.
Walker, M.P.; Ayre, G.A.; Cummings, J.L.; McKeith, I.G.; O'Brien, J.T.; Ballard, C.G. (25 April 2000). "Quantifying fluctuation in dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer's disease, and Vascular Dementia". Neurology. 54 (8): 1616–1625. doi:10.1212/WNL.54.8.1616. PMID 10762503. S2CID 9082963.
Zhang, K; Mayleben, D; Roth, A; Corser, B; Nandy, P; Harris, S; Perhach, J (2004). "Dose and time dependent discrimination of daytime sleepiness measured by multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT), Psychomotor performance tests (PPT) and Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) after a single AM administration of a sedative hypnotic drug". Sleep. 27: A49.
Simpson, P.M. (1994). "The construct validity of the cognitive drug research computerised assessment system". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 8 (Suppl): A20.
White, L; Simpson, P; Herting, R; Schwartz, P (1994). "Further evaluations of the criterion validity of the CDR computerised assessment system". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 8 (Suppl): A21.
Wesnes, Keith A. (September 2000). "The value of assessing cognitive function in drug development". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 2 (3): 183–202. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2000.2.3/kwesnes. PMC3181606. PMID 22033754.
Further reading
Wesnes, K.A. (March 2008). "Assessing Change in Cognitive Function in Dementia: The Relative Utilities of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive Subscale and the Cognitive Drug Research System". Neurodegenerative Disease. 5 (3–4): 261–263. doi:10.1159/000113719. PMID 18322407.
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This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations January 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message The CDR computerized assessment system CDR system is a computerized battery of cognitive tests designed in the late 1970s by Professor Keith Wesnes at the University of Reading in Berkshire England for repeated testing in clinical trials Task stimuli are presented in a laptop computer and participants respond via YES and NO buttons on a two button response box which records both the accuracy and reaction time The CDR system is a computer based cognitive testing tool developed to assess both enhancement and impairment of human cognitive performance The CDR system s simplicity sensitivity and specificity makes it acceptable to be used in clinical trials with either healthy subjects or diseased patient populations The CDR system software is loaded onto laptop computers for testing in medical clinics An internet version of the CDR system is available using keyboard commands to measure responses Ancillary equipment is used for specific cognitive tests such as a postural stability sway meter a critical flicker fusion device or joysticks for CDR s tracking test The CDR system is a series of brief neuropsychological tests that assess major aspects of cognitive function known to be influenced by a wide variety of factors including trauma fatigue stress nutrition ageing disease both physical and mental medicines and drugs The standard battery of cognitive tests in The CDR system includes immediate delayed word recall word recognition picture recognition simple reaction time digit vigilance choice reaction time numeric working memory and spatial working memory Individual tests can be added to or removed from the battery to target specific cognitive domains Examples of tests that can be added include measurements of executive function mood states social cognition motor function and postural stability The standard battery of tests lasts 18 minutes The CDR system tasks have proven validity in definitively measuring cognitive function in a variety of domains including attention working memory episodic secondary memory executive function and motor skill In September 2009 Cognitive Drug Research was acquired by United BioSource Corporation UBC division Bracket continues to offer the CDR System for use in clinical research See also EditAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder Computer based assessmentReferences EditWesnes K A McKeith I G Ferrara R Emre M Del Ser T Spano P F Cicin Sain A Anand R Spiegel R March 2002 Effects of Rivastigmine on Cognitive Function in Dementia with Lewy Bodies A Randomised Placebo Controlled International Study Using the Cognitive Drug Research Computerised Assessment System Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 13 3 183 192 doi 10 1159 000048651 PMID 11893841 S2CID 36661364 Simpson Pauline M Surmon D J Wesnes Keith A Wilcock G K February 1991 The Cognitive Drug Research Computerized Assessment System for Demented Patients A Validated Study International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 6 2 95 102 doi 10 1002 gps 930060208 S2CID 146708002 Nicholl Claire G Lynch Sean Kelly Cornelius A White Linda Simpson Pauline M Wesnes Keith A Pitt Brice M N March 1995 The cognitive drug research computerized assessment system in the evaluation of early dementia is speed of the essence International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 10 3 199 206 doi 10 1002 gps 930100306 S2CID 144286781 Moon G Manktelow T C 2002 Cognitive deficits in recently diagnosed untreated patients with Parkinson s disease Journal of Psychopharmacology 16 Suppl A31 McKeith I Del Ser T Spano P Emre M Wesnes K Anand R Cicin Sain A Ferrara R Spiegel R 16 December 2000 Efficacy of rivastigmine in dementia with Lewy bodies a randomised double blind placebo controlled international study The Lancet 356 9247 2031 2036 doi 10 1016 S0140 6736 00 03399 7 PMID 11145488 S2CID 24738811 Macher J P 2004 Modafinil reverses the marked attentional deficits produced by acute sleep deprivation in healthy volunteers Journal of Psychopharmacology 18 Suppl A48 Harrington Frances Saxby Brian K McKeith Ian G Wesnes Keith Ford Gary A December 2000 Cognitive Performance in Hypertensive and Normotensive Older Subjects Hypertension 36 6 1079 1082 doi 10 1161 01 HYP 36 6 1079 PMID 11116128 Wesnes K Neuman E de Wilde H J G Malbezin M Crijns H J M J Jonkman J H G Guez D 1994 Pharmacodynamic effects of a repeated oral administration of 4 dose levels of S 12024 2 in 36 elderly volunteers Neurobiology of Aging 15 Suppl 1 S100 doi 10 1016 0197 4580 94 92864 9 Walker M P Ayre G A Cummings J L McKeith I G O Brien J T Ballard C G 25 April 2000 Quantifying fluctuation in dementia with Lewy bodies Alzheimer s disease and Vascular Dementia Neurology 54 8 1616 1625 doi 10 1212 WNL 54 8 1616 PMID 10762503 S2CID 9082963 Zhang K Mayleben D Roth A Corser B Nandy P Harris S Perhach J 2004 Dose and time dependent discrimination of daytime sleepiness measured by multiple sleep latency tests MSLT Psychomotor performance tests PPT and Stanford Sleepiness Scale SSS after a single AM administration of a sedative hypnotic drug Sleep 27 A49 Simpson P M 1994 The construct validity of the cognitive drug research computerised assessment system Journal of Psychopharmacology 8 Suppl A20 White L Simpson P Herting R Schwartz P 1994 Further evaluations of the criterion validity of the CDR computerised assessment system Journal of Psychopharmacology 8 Suppl A21 Wesnes Keith A September 2000 The value of assessing cognitive function in drug development Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 2 3 183 202 doi 10 31887 DCNS 2000 2 3 kwesnes PMC 3181606 PMID 22033754 Further reading EditWesnes K A March 2008 Assessing Change in Cognitive Function in Dementia The Relative Utilities of the Alzheimer s Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale and the Cognitive Drug Research System Neurodegenerative Disease 5 3 4 261 263 doi 10 1159 000113719 PMID 18322407 This psychology related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title CDR computerized assessment system amp oldid 1124034390, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
