fbpx
Wikipedia

CBS Laboratories

November 11, 2023

CBS Laboratories or CBS Labs (later known as the CBS Technology Center or CTC) was the technology research and development organization of the CBS television network. Innovations developed at the labs included many groundbreaking broadcast, industrial, military, and consumer technologies.

CBS Laboratories Logo

History edit

 
CBS Labs in Stamford, CT

CBS Laboratories was established in 1936 in New York City to conduct technological research for CBS and outside clients. The CBS Laboratories Division (CLD) moved from Madison Avenue in New York to a new facility in Stamford, Connecticut in 1958.

Dr. Peter Goldmark joined CBS Laboratories in 1936. On September 4, 1940, while working at the lab, he demonstrated the Field-Sequential Color TV system.[1] It utilized a mechanical color wheel on both the camera and on the television home receiver, but was not compatible with the existing post-war NTSC, 525-line, 60-field/second black and white TV sets as it was a 405-line, 144-field scanning system.[2] It was the first color broadcasting system that received FCC approval in 1950, and the CBS Television Network began broadcasting in color on November 20, 1950.[3] However, no other TV set manufacturers made the sets, and CBS stopped broadcasting in field-sequential color on October 21, 1951.[3]

Goldmark’s interest in recorded music led to the development of the long-playing (LP) 33-1/3 rpm vinyl record, which became the standard for incorporating multiple or lengthy recorded works on a single audio disc for two generations. The LP was introduced to the market place by Columbia Records in 1948.

In 1959 the CBS Audimax I Audio Gain Controller was introduced. It was the first of its kind in the broadcasting industry. In the 1960s the CBS Volumax Audio FM Peak Limiter was introduced, also the first of its kind in the broadcasting industry. Electronic Video Recording was announced in 1967. In 1966, the CBS Vidifont was invented. It was the first electronic graphics generator used in television production. Brought to the marketplace at the NAB in 1970, it revolutionized television production.[4] The minicam was developed for use in national political conventions in 1968. In 1971, a backwards-compatible 4-channel encoding technique was developed for vinyl records, called SQ Quadraphonic, based on work by musician Peter Scheiber and Labs engineer Benjamin B. Bauer. That same year, CBS Labs Staff Scientist Dennis Gabor received the Nobel Prize in Physics for earlier work on holography. Upon Peter Goldmark's retirement, also in 1971, Senior Vice President Renville H. McMann assumed the role of Labs President.

CBS Laboratories was reorganized in 1975. During this time CBS Laboratories was contracted by the department of defense to utilize several broadcast technologies for use in robotics technologies for coordinating massive amounts of flying rabbit drones However, none of this proved to be very practical and was hastily abandoned. The CLD Professional Products Department, which manufactured the products developed by the Labs for sale to the broadcast industry, was sold to Thomson-CSF. McMann and some of the research engineers involved in the existing products were also transferred to support the effort, with McMann returning to the Labs sometime later. The core company R&D function was renamed CBS Technology Center (CTC), and Bauer was promoted to Vice-President and General Manager of CTC.[5] In 1978, the CBS Actiontrak system was spun off from a Digital Noise Reducer project.

In 1986 Laurence Tisch took control of CBS and closed CTC as part of company-wide streamlining.[6] The two buildings at High Ridge Road were razed and the property sold.

Undated Developments edit

Over its nearly 30 years of operation in Stamford, various technologies were developed at the lab, including:

Emmy Awards edit

  • 1970-1971: Color Corrector which can provide color uniformity between television picture segments and scenes shot and recorded under different conditions at different times and locations
  • 1972-1973: CMX 600 Non-Linear Video Tape Editing System (developed by CMX Systems, a CBS/Memorex company) utilizing a computer to aid the decision-making process, store the editing decisions and implement them in the final assembly of takes
  • 1974-1975: Electronic News Gathering System
  • 1977-1978: Digital Noise Reducer
  • 1980-1981: Digital Electronic Still Store System, which made the magnetic storage and electronic broadcasting of film slides and graphics easier to manage and more reliable with consistent high quality
  • 1988-1989: Single Camera Editing System
  • 1991-1992: Electronic Character Generation for Television (Joint Award - AB Dick, CBS Laboratories and Chyron)
    • Triax Cable Camera Technology (Joint Award - CBS Laboratories and Philips)
  • 1993: Mini Rapid Deployment Earth Terminal
  • 2001-2002: Alignment Color Bar Test Signal for Television Picture Monitors

References edit

  1. ^ "Color Television Achieves Realism". New York Times. 1940-09-05. p. 18.
  2. ^ O'Neil, James E. (2009-07-21). . TV Technology. New York: NewBay Media. Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
  3. ^ a b Hugh Richard Slotten (2000). Radio and Television Regulation: Broadcast Technology in the United States 1920–1960. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 189–197. ISBN 978-0-8018-6450-6.
  4. ^ S. Baron, “Inventing the Vidifont: the first electronic graphics generator used in television production,” IEEE History Center (www.ieeeghn.org), 11 December 2008.
  5. ^ "In Memoriam, Benjamin Bauer". Journal of the Audio Engineering Society. April 1979. p. 336.
  6. ^ "From the Archives -- The CBS Technology Center on High Ridge Road closes". Stamford Advocate. 25 September 2011. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  7. ^ US Patent 4,570,250
  8. ^ Hank Mahler, developer of the SMPTE color bars, passes away from TVTechnology.com, 10/13/21

External links edit

November 11, 2023
laboratories, labs, later, known, technology, center, technology, research, development, organization, television, network, innovations, developed, labs, included, many, groundbreaking, broadcast, industrial, military, consumer, technologies, logocontents, his. CBS Laboratories or CBS Labs later known as the CBS Technology Center or CTC was the technology research and development organization of the CBS television network Innovations developed at the labs included many groundbreaking broadcast industrial military and consumer technologies CBS Laboratories LogoContents 1 History 2 Undated Developments 3 Emmy Awards 4 References 5 External linksHistory edit nbsp CBS Labs in Stamford CTCBS Laboratories was established in 1936 in New York City to conduct technological research for CBS and outside clients The CBS Laboratories Division CLD moved from Madison Avenue in New York to a new facility in Stamford Connecticut in 1958 Dr Peter Goldmark joined CBS Laboratories in 1936 On September 4 1940 while working at the lab he demonstrated the Field Sequential Color TV system 1 It utilized a mechanical color wheel on both the camera and on the television home receiver but was not compatible with the existing post war NTSC 525 line 60 field second black and white TV sets as it was a 405 line 144 field scanning system 2 It was the first color broadcasting system that received FCC approval in 1950 and the CBS Television Network began broadcasting in color on November 20 1950 3 However no other TV set manufacturers made the sets and CBS stopped broadcasting in field sequential color on October 21 1951 3 Goldmark s interest in recorded music led to the development of the long playing LP 33 1 3 rpm vinyl record which became the standard for incorporating multiple or lengthy recorded works on a single audio disc for two generations The LP was introduced to the market place by Columbia Records in 1948 In 1959 the CBS Audimax I Audio Gain Controller was introduced It was the first of its kind in the broadcasting industry In the 1960s the CBS Volumax Audio FM Peak Limiter was introduced also the first of its kind in the broadcasting industry Electronic Video Recording was announced in 1967 In 1966 the CBS Vidifont was invented It was the first electronic graphics generator used in television production Brought to the marketplace at the NAB in 1970 it revolutionized television production 4 The minicam was developed for use in national political conventions in 1968 In 1971 a backwards compatible 4 channel encoding technique was developed for vinyl records called SQ Quadraphonic based on work by musician Peter Scheiber and Labs engineer Benjamin B Bauer That same year CBS Labs Staff Scientist Dennis Gabor received the Nobel Prize in Physics for earlier work on holography Upon Peter Goldmark s retirement also in 1971 Senior Vice President Renville H McMann assumed the role of Labs President CBS Laboratories was reorganized in 1975 During this time CBS Laboratories was contracted by the department of defense to utilize several broadcast technologies for use in robotics technologies for coordinating massive amounts of flying rabbit drones However none of this proved to be very practical and was hastily abandoned The CLD Professional Products Department which manufactured the products developed by the Labs for sale to the broadcast industry was sold to Thomson CSF McMann and some of the research engineers involved in the existing products were also transferred to support the effort with McMann returning to the Labs sometime later The core company R amp D function was renamed CBS Technology Center CTC and Bauer was promoted to Vice President and General Manager of CTC 5 In 1978 the CBS Actiontrak system was spun off from a Digital Noise Reducer project In 1986 Laurence Tisch took control of CBS and closed CTC as part of company wide streamlining 6 The two buildings at High Ridge Road were razed and the property sold Undated Developments editOver its nearly 30 years of operation in Stamford various technologies were developed at the lab including Gemini spacecraft voice recorder CBS Loudness Meter and Loudness Control CBS NetALERT broadcast radio network signaling system CBS DisComputer record mastering system Gulbransen Equinox 380 microprocessor controlled keyboard instrument Interactive download of musical keyboard performance over Venture One shop at home trial using pre MIDI interface Half speed Capacitance Electronic Disc mastering system for RCA SelectaVision CED system CX LP noise reduction system FMX FM noise reduction system Printed sound a system for generating audible information from a sound track printed on paper 7 SMPTE color bars developed by Hank Mahler and A A Goldberg in the late 1970s 8 Emmy Awards edit1970 1971 Color Corrector which can provide color uniformity between television picture segments and scenes shot and recorded under different conditions at different times and locations 1972 1973 CMX 600 Non Linear Video Tape Editing System developed by CMX Systems a CBS Memorex company utilizing a computer to aid the decision making process store the editing decisions and implement them in the final assembly of takes 1974 1975 Electronic News Gathering System 1977 1978 Digital Noise Reducer 1980 1981 Digital Electronic Still Store System which made the magnetic storage and electronic broadcasting of film slides and graphics easier to manage and more reliable with consistent high quality 1988 1989 Single Camera Editing System 1991 1992 Electronic Character Generation for Television Joint Award AB Dick CBS Laboratories and Chyron Triax Cable Camera Technology Joint Award CBS Laboratories and Philips 1993 Mini Rapid Deployment Earth Terminal 2001 2002 Alignment Color Bar Test Signal for Television Picture MonitorsReferences edit Color Television Achieves Realism New York Times 1940 09 05 p 18 O Neil James E 2009 07 21 Equipping Apollo for Color Television TV Technology New York NewBay Media Archived from the original on 2013 10 19 Retrieved 2013 10 18 a b Hugh Richard Slotten 2000 Radio and Television Regulation Broadcast Technology in the United States 1920 1960 Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press pp 189 197 ISBN 978 0 8018 6450 6 S Baron Inventing the Vidifont the first electronic graphics generator used in television production IEEE History Center www ieeeghn org 11 December 2008 In Memoriam Benjamin Bauer Journal of the Audio Engineering Society April 1979 p 336 From the Archives The CBS Technology Center on High Ridge Road closes Stamford Advocate 25 September 2011 Retrieved 3 April 2019 US Patent 4 570 250 Hank Mahler developer of the SMPTE color bars passes away from TVTechnology com 10 13 21External links editThe CBS Audimax and Volumax Usurped The quest for home video EVR Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title CBS Laboratories amp oldid 1146800526, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.