César Falcón Gárfias was born in Lima, Peru in 1892. From an early age, he was enthusiastic about revolutionary politics. He and María Weisse founded a group called Amauta, a forum for reporting the abuses of imperialism and working towards improved conditions for the Peruvian working class. Through this group and other political activities, he became known to other left-leaning intellectuals and artists in Peru. Falcón and the essayist Moquegua José Carlos Mariátegui co-founded the newspaper La Razón (Reason). The paper stood out for its strident defense of university reform and strong support for the labor movement.[1]
Spainedit
A few months after La Razón was launched, on 4 July 1919 Augusto Bernardino Leguía staged a successful coup. Falcón and Mariátegui were radically opposed to the dictatorship that began to emerge. Their printers withdrew support. To quietly get his opponents out of the way Leguía invited a number of them to accept scholarships to travel to Europe. With little choice, Falcón moved to Spain. Mariátegui went to Italy and then travelled through Europe, with lengthy stays in France, Germany, Austria, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, where he became imbued with Communist ideology. Mariátegui then joined Falcón, Carlos Roe and Palmiro Machiavelo to found the first Peruvian Communist cell. The goal was to promote (from Europe) the political organization of Peruvian workers.[1]
Falcón soon became one of the leaders of left-wing activists in Spain, and worked for several newspapers and magazines.[1]Irene Lewy Rodríguez (1908–99) met César Falcón in 1922.[2] Two years later the newspaper El Sol asked Falcón to move to London as a correspondent. Falcón married Irene Lewy, who accompanied him under contract as correspondent by the daily La Voz (The Voice), a Spanish newspaper.[2] Their son Mayo was born in London in May 1926 but was not registered at the Spanish consulate due to concerns with the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera.[3] From 1927 to 1939 César Falcón edited various publications of the Spanish Communist Party.[1] Irene and César returned to Spain after Primo de Rivera fell in 1930.[3] They published Historia Nueva (New History) and launched the party Izquierda Revolucionaria y Antiimperialista (IRYA: Anti-Imperialist Revolutionary Left).[2] They were active during the Spanish Civil War (1936–39).[1] The Falcóns' marriage broke down because César Falcón could not remain faithful.[4]
Later yearsedit
When the fascist forces won the war, Falcón was forced to leave Spain.[1] During World War II (1939–45) Irene and César Falcón were separated, and César returned to Peru.[3] He wrote for journals such as Garcilaso and Nuestra Voz. He was forced to leave Peru due to his political views, and finally settled in Mexico from 1947 to 1970. There he launched Historia Nueva, a prestigious publication.[1] César Falcón Gárfias died in Lima in 1970.[1]
Worksedit
Theateredit
Por culpa ajena (estrenada en el Teatro Lima, Lima, 10 de febrero de 1914)
La gran noche (Lima, septiembre de 1915)
La casa de Agreda (estrenada en el Teatro Colón, 27 de noviembre de 1914).
Los mozos cundas (Lima, julio de 1918)
Asturias (Madrid, 1935).
Fictionedit
Plantel de inválidos (Madrid, 1921 y 1928), cuentos.
El pueblo sin Dios (Madrid, 1928), novela indigenista, que fue fruto de su estancia en la ciudad de Huánuco.
Los bajos fondos (Madrid, 1928), novela.
Madrid (Madrid-Barcelona, 1938), crónica novelada de la resistencia republicana en Madrid, durante la guerra civil española.
El buen vecino Sanabria U. (México, 1947), caricaturización violenta del presidente peruano Manuel Prado Ugarteche, que se caracterizó por su apoyo a la política de los Estados Unidos entre 1939 y 1945.
Por la ruta sin horizonte (México, 1961), primer tomo de una serie de cinco, titulada globalmente En la perspectiva de España.
Essaysedit
Crítica de la revolución española (Desde la dictadura hasta las Constituyentes) (Madrid, 1931)
Imperialismo y antiimperialismo (Comentarios a la acción contra los yanquis) (Madrid, 1931)
España sostiene en Ginebra su línea de lucha por la democracia y la paz (Barcelona, 1938)
El mundo que agoniza (México, 1945), examen de la situación mundial en el periodo entre las dos guerras mundiales.
Algunas condiciones necesarias de la reconquista nacional (México, 1955), sobre las perspectivas de la recuperación democrática en España.
Fernández de Cano, J. R. (2015). "Falcón Garfias, César (1892-1970)". MCN Biografias. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
"Irene Falcón, secretaria personal de Pasionaria". El País. 20 August 1999. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
Salvadó, Francisco J. Romero (2013). Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN978-0-8108-5784-1. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
Zurbano Melero, José Gabriel (22 November 2010). "César e Irene Falcón: un matrimonio con compromiso". Ciudad futura. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
May 09, 2024
césar, falcón, gárfias, april, 1892, october, 1970, peruvian, writer, journalist, politician, gárfiasfalcón, 1939born, 1892, april, 1892lima, perudied11, october, 1970, 1970, aged, lima, perunationalityperuvianoccupation, writer, journalist, politician, conten. Cesar Falcon Garfias 19 April 1892 11 October 1970 was a Peruvian writer journalist and politician Cesar Falcon GarfiasFalcon c 1939Born 1892 04 19 19 April 1892Lima PeruDied11 October 1970 1970 10 11 aged 78 Lima PeruNationalityPeruvianOccupation s Writer journalist and politician Contents 1 Life 1 1 Early years 1 2 Spain 1 3 Later years 2 Works 2 1 Theater 2 2 Fiction 2 3 Essays 3 References 4 SourcesLife editEarly years edit Cesar Falcon Garfias was born in Lima Peru in 1892 From an early age he was enthusiastic about revolutionary politics He and Maria Weisse founded a group called Amauta a forum for reporting the abuses of imperialism and working towards improved conditions for the Peruvian working class Through this group and other political activities he became known to other left leaning intellectuals and artists in Peru Falcon and the essayist Moquegua Jose Carlos Mariategui co founded the newspaper La Razon Reason The paper stood out for its strident defense of university reform and strong support for the labor movement 1 Spain edit A few months after La Razon was launched on 4 July 1919 Augusto Bernardino Leguia staged a successful coup Falcon and Mariategui were radically opposed to the dictatorship that began to emerge Their printers withdrew support To quietly get his opponents out of the way Leguia invited a number of them to accept scholarships to travel to Europe With little choice Falcon moved to Spain Mariategui went to Italy and then travelled through Europe with lengthy stays in France Germany Austria Hungary and Czechoslovakia where he became imbued with Communist ideology Mariategui then joined Falcon Carlos Roe and Palmiro Machiavelo to found the first Peruvian Communist cell The goal was to promote from Europe the political organization of Peruvian workers 1 Falcon soon became one of the leaders of left wing activists in Spain and worked for several newspapers and magazines 1 Irene Lewy Rodriguez 1908 99 met Cesar Falcon in 1922 2 Two years later the newspaper El Sol asked Falcon to move to London as a correspondent Falcon married Irene Lewy who accompanied him under contract as correspondent by the daily La Voz The Voice a Spanish newspaper 2 Their son Mayo was born in London in May 1926 but was not registered at the Spanish consulate due to concerns with the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera 3 From 1927 to 1939 Cesar Falcon edited various publications of the Spanish Communist Party 1 Irene and Cesar returned to Spain after Primo de Rivera fell in 1930 3 They published Historia Nueva New History and launched the party Izquierda Revolucionaria y Antiimperialista IRYA Anti Imperialist Revolutionary Left 2 They were active during the Spanish Civil War 1936 39 1 The Falcons marriage broke down because Cesar Falcon could not remain faithful 4 Later years edit When the fascist forces won the war Falcon was forced to leave Spain 1 During World War II 1939 45 Irene and Cesar Falcon were separated and Cesar returned to Peru 3 He wrote for journals such as Garcilaso and Nuestra Voz He was forced to leave Peru due to his political views and finally settled in Mexico from 1947 to 1970 There he launched Historia Nueva a prestigious publication 1 Cesar Falcon Garfias died in Lima in 1970 1 Works editTheater edit Por culpa ajena estrenada en el Teatro Lima Lima 10 de febrero de 1914 La gran noche Lima septiembre de 1915 La casa de Agreda estrenada en el Teatro Colon 27 de noviembre de 1914 Los mozos cundas Lima julio de 1918 Asturias Madrid 1935 Fiction edit Plantel de invalidos Madrid 1921 y 1928 cuentos El pueblo sin Dios Madrid 1928 novela indigenista que fue fruto de su estancia en la ciudad de Huanuco Los bajos fondos Madrid 1928 novela Madrid Madrid Barcelona 1938 cronica novelada de la resistencia republicana en Madrid durante la guerra civil espanola El buen vecino Sanabria U Mexico 1947 caricaturizacion violenta del presidente peruano Manuel Prado Ugarteche que se caracterizo por su apoyo a la politica de los Estados Unidos entre 1939 y 1945 Por la ruta sin horizonte Mexico 1961 primer tomo de una serie de cinco titulada globalmente En la perspectiva de Espana Essays edit Critica de la revolucion espanola Desde la dictadura hasta las Constituyentes Madrid 1931 Imperialismo y antiimperialismo Comentarios a la accion contra los yanquis Madrid 1931 Espana sostiene en Ginebra su linea de lucha por la democracia y la paz Barcelona 1938 El mundo que agoniza Mexico 1945 examen de la situacion mundial en el periodo entre las dos guerras mundiales Algunas condiciones necesarias de la reconquista nacional Mexico 1955 sobre las perspectivas de la recuperacion democratica en Espana References edit a b c d e f g h Fernandez de Cano 2015 a b c Irene Falcon secretaria personal El Pais a b c Zurbano Melero 2010 Salvado 2013 p 128 Sources editFernandez de Cano J R 2015 Falcon Garfias Cesar 1892 1970 MCN Biografias Retrieved 8 April 2015 Irene Falcon secretaria personal de Pasionaria El Pais 20 August 1999 Retrieved 20 March 2015 Salvado Francisco J Romero 2013 Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War Rowman amp Littlefield ISBN 978 0 8108 5784 1 Retrieved 19 March 2015 Zurbano Melero Jose Gabriel 22 November 2010 Cesar e Irene Falcon un matrimonio con compromiso Ciudad futura Retrieved 19 March 2015 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cesar Falcon amp oldid 1222223851, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
