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Béla Miklós

Béla Miklós de Dálnok, Vitéz of Dálnok (11 June 1890 – 21 November 1948) was a Hungarian military officer and politician who served as acting Prime Minister of Hungary, at first in opposition, and then officially, from 1944 to 1945. He was the last Prime Minister of war-time Hungary.

Vitéz
Béla Miklós de Dálnok
Prime Minister of Hungary
In office
22 December 1944 – 15 November 1945
(In opposition until 28 March 1945)
MonarchVacant
Head of StateHigh National Council
Preceded byFerenc Szálasi
(as Leader of the Nation)
Succeeded byZoltán Tildy
Member of the High National Council
In office
26 January 1945 – 7 December 1945
Serving with Béla Zsedényi,
Ernő Gerő (until 11 May 1945),
József Révai (11 May–27 Sep. 1945),
and Mátyás Rákosi (from 27 Sep 1945)
Preceded byFerenc Szálasi
(as Leader of the Nation)
Succeeded by
Second High National Council
Personal details
Born(1890-06-11)11 June 1890
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
Died21 November 1948(1948-11-21) (aged 58)
Budapest, Hungary
Political partyHungarian Independence Party
Spouse(s)Éva Csákány
Irma Varga
ChildrenLajos
one daughter
ProfessionSoldier, politician
Military service
Allegiance Austria-Hungary (1907–1918)
 Kingdom of Hungary (1919–1945)
Branch/service Austro-Hungarian Army
 Royal Hungarian Army
Years of service1907–1918; 1919–1945
RankColonel General
CommandsIX Corps
First Army

Biography edit

Early career edit

Béla Miklós was born into a Székely primipilus family in Budapest on 11 June 1890. His parents were Gergely Miklós de Dálnok and Janka Traviczky. Miklós used the title of dálnoki after Dálnok, Transylvania (today Dalnic, part of Romania), where his father worked as a teacher. Béla Miklós married Éva Csákány.

He finished secondary studies at the Honvéd Principal Gymnasium of Sopron in 1907. After graduating from Ludovica Military Academy in 1910, he was promoted to Hussar Lieutenant. He participated in the First World War. Returning home, he became a member of the Sopron military command. He graduated from General Staff College between 1920 and 1921, after that he worked in the Ministry of Defence. He was awarded Order of Vitéz by Regent Miklós Horthy in 1929. In that same year he became Deputy Chief of the Regent's Military Office.

Miklós was briefly chief of military intelligence until he was appointed military attaché to Berlin and Stockholm between 1933 and 1936, eventually coming to lead his own regiment. After rising from regimental to corps command, he became military director of the office of Admiral Miklós Horthy, regent of Hungary, in October 1942. He was promoted to Colonel General in 1943.

Late World War II edit

Miklós became commanding general of the Hungarian First Army from 1 August 1944 and he supported leaving the Axis powers and joining the Red Army. On 16 October 1944, Miklós was ordered to appear at the headquarters of German General Heinrici. Suspicious of an eventual arrest, he defected through the Hungarian front with one of his aides and two sergeants. He approached the Soviet forces. After some apprehension, they escorted Miklós to Lisko, near Przemyśl. This was the location of the Soviet general headquarters.

Miklós arrived at Lisko on the morning of 17 October. Per the request of the Soviets, he spoke on the radio and made a plea for the commanding officers of his Hungarian First Army to defect with their units to the Soviets.

The Soviets re-armed prisoners of war and planned to form a Hungarian liberation army from the defectors. But, with the exception of one regimental commander, no other Hungarian officer defected in response to Miklós's plea. The one regimental commander who did defect was arrested by the Germans and immediately executed.

A few days later Soviet emissaries were sent to negotiate with Miklós about the formation of a Hungarian counter-Government. These negotiations came to nothing.

Interim government edit

On 21 December 1944 the Interim Assembly met in Debrecen. Representatives were present from the Communist, Smallholders, Social Democratic, Peasant Party and Citizen's party. The Assembly elected the interim government, with Soviet approval, which was headed by Miklós. He remained in this post until the coming elections on 15 November 1945. The High National Council, which functioned as a collective head of state, formed on 26 January 1945 under the presidency of Béla Zsedényi. Miklós as incumbent Prime Minister also became a member of the body. During his premiership, the arrest of war criminals and confiscations had begun, pro-German organizations and political parties were dissolved, and the new regime removed the "reactionary elements" from public institutions and the Hungarian army. The Provisional National Government established the people's tribunes. Miklós disbanded the Military Order of Maria Theresa with a decree in the summer of 1945. Béla Miklós could not prevent the deportation of hundreds of thousands to the Soviet Union. Following the 1945 Hungarian parliamentary election, he was replaced by Zoltán Tildy.[1]

Later career edit

In July 1947 he became a founding member of the Hungarian Independence Party (MFP: Magyar Függetlenségi Párt), a split from the Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party. In the semi-free 1947 Hungarian parliamentary election, he won a seat for the party. However, all mandates of the Independence Party, which was defamed as "fascist", were canceled in November 1947 under pressure from the Communist Hungarian Working People's Party. After that, Miklós withdrew from public life.

He died one year later of unknown causes and was buried without military honour.

Awards and decorations edit

       
       
       
       
       
   
 
 
1st row Golden Military Merit Medal on war ribbon with swords (7. January 1942) Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary Commander's Cross with Star on war ribbon with swords (23. September 1941) Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary Commander's Cross with Star on war ribbon (1940) Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary Commander's Cross on war ribbon with swords (1939)
2nd row Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary Commander's Cross on war ribbon Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary 3rd Class (1932) Military Merit Cross 3rd Class with war decoration and swords (1914; 1918) Silver Military Merit Medal on war ribbon with swords (1917)
3rd row Bronze Military Merit Medal on war ribbon with swords (1915) Hungarian Bronze Military Merit Medal (1930) Karl Troop Cross Hungarian World War I Commemorative Medal
4th row Long Service Crosses for Officers 2nd class Long Service Crosses for Officers 3rd class (18. September 1930) Transylvania Commemorative Medal Lower Hungary Commemorative Medal
5th row Mobilization Cross 1912/13 Order of the German Eagle Grand Cross with star (1941) Grand Cross of the Order "For Military Merit" on war decoration (1. December 1943) German Red Cross Decoration 1st class (17. October 1936)
6th row Iron Cross 1st Class (1941) Iron Cross 2nd Class (1941)
Badge Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (20. January 1942)
Badge Badge of the Order of Vitéz

References edit

  1. ^ Peter F. Sugar et al. A history of Hungary (1990) pp 369–71.

Further reading edit

  • Borhi, László. Hungary in the Cold War, 1945-1956: Between the United States and the Soviet Union ( Central European university press, 2004).
  • Kenez, Peter. Hungary from the Nazis to the Soviets: the Establishment of the Communist Regime in Hungary, 1944-1948 (Cambridge University Press, 2006).

External links edit

  • Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon
  • Library of Szeged
Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Hungary
1944–1945
Succeeded by
Military offices
Preceded by
Lieutenant-General Károly Beregfy
Commander of the Hungarian First Army
1 August 1944 – 16 October 1944
Succeeded by
Lieutenant-General Dezső László

béla, miklós, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, february, 202. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Bela Miklos news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2024 Learn how and when to remove this template message Bela Miklos de Dalnok Vitez of Dalnok 11 June 1890 21 November 1948 was a Hungarian military officer and politician who served as acting Prime Minister of Hungary at first in opposition and then officially from 1944 to 1945 He was the last Prime Minister of war time Hungary VitezBela Miklos de DalnokPrime Minister of HungaryIn office 22 December 1944 15 November 1945 In opposition until 28 March 1945 MonarchVacantHead of StateHigh National CouncilPreceded byFerenc Szalasi as Leader of the Nation Succeeded byZoltan TildyMember of the High National CouncilIn office 26 January 1945 7 December 1945Serving with Bela Zsedenyi Erno Gero until 11 May 1945 Jozsef Revai 11 May 27 Sep 1945 and Matyas Rakosi from 27 Sep 1945 Preceded byFerenc Szalasi as Leader of the Nation Succeeded bySecond High National Council Zoltan Tildy Ferenc Nagy Bela Varga Laszlo RajkPersonal detailsBorn 1890 06 11 11 June 1890Budapest Austria HungaryDied21 November 1948 1948 11 21 aged 58 Budapest HungaryPolitical partyHungarian Independence PartySpouse s Eva Csakany Irma VargaChildrenLajos one daughterProfessionSoldier politicianMilitary serviceAllegiance Austria Hungary 1907 1918 Kingdom of Hungary 1919 1945 Branch serviceAustro Hungarian Army Royal Hungarian ArmyYears of service1907 1918 1919 1945RankColonel GeneralCommandsIX CorpsFirst ArmyThe native form of this personal name is vitez lofo dalnoki Miklos Bela This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early career 1 2 Late World War II 1 3 Interim government 1 4 Later career 2 Awards and decorations 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksBiography editEarly career edit Bela Miklos was born into a Szekely primipilus family in Budapest on 11 June 1890 His parents were Gergely Miklos de Dalnok and Janka Traviczky Miklos used the title of dalnoki after Dalnok Transylvania today Dalnic part of Romania where his father worked as a teacher Bela Miklos married Eva Csakany He finished secondary studies at the Honved Principal Gymnasium of Sopron in 1907 After graduating from Ludovica Military Academy in 1910 he was promoted to Hussar Lieutenant He participated in the First World War Returning home he became a member of the Sopron military command He graduated from General Staff College between 1920 and 1921 after that he worked in the Ministry of Defence He was awarded Order of Vitez by Regent Miklos Horthy in 1929 In that same year he became Deputy Chief of the Regent s Military Office Miklos was briefly chief of military intelligence until he was appointed military attache to Berlin and Stockholm between 1933 and 1936 eventually coming to lead his own regiment After rising from regimental to corps command he became military director of the office of Admiral Miklos Horthy regent of Hungary in October 1942 He was promoted to Colonel General in 1943 Late World War II edit Miklos became commanding general of the Hungarian First Army from 1 August 1944 and he supported leaving the Axis powers and joining the Red Army On 16 October 1944 Miklos was ordered to appear at the headquarters of German General Heinrici Suspicious of an eventual arrest he defected through the Hungarian front with one of his aides and two sergeants He approached the Soviet forces After some apprehension they escorted Miklos to Lisko near Przemysl This was the location of the Soviet general headquarters Miklos arrived at Lisko on the morning of 17 October Per the request of the Soviets he spoke on the radio and made a plea for the commanding officers of his Hungarian First Army to defect with their units to the Soviets The Soviets re armed prisoners of war and planned to form a Hungarian liberation army from the defectors But with the exception of one regimental commander no other Hungarian officer defected in response to Miklos s plea The one regimental commander who did defect was arrested by the Germans and immediately executed A few days later Soviet emissaries were sent to negotiate with Miklos about the formation of a Hungarian counter Government These negotiations came to nothing Interim government edit On 21 December 1944 the Interim Assembly met in Debrecen Representatives were present from the Communist Smallholders Social Democratic Peasant Party and Citizen s party The Assembly elected the interim government with Soviet approval which was headed by Miklos He remained in this post until the coming elections on 15 November 1945 The High National Council which functioned as a collective head of state formed on 26 January 1945 under the presidency of Bela Zsedenyi Miklos as incumbent Prime Minister also became a member of the body During his premiership the arrest of war criminals and confiscations had begun pro German organizations and political parties were dissolved and the new regime removed the reactionary elements from public institutions and the Hungarian army The Provisional National Government established the people s tribunes Miklos disbanded the Military Order of Maria Theresa with a decree in the summer of 1945 Bela Miklos could not prevent the deportation of hundreds of thousands to the Soviet Union Following the 1945 Hungarian parliamentary election he was replaced by Zoltan Tildy 1 Later career edit In July 1947 he became a founding member of the Hungarian Independence Party MFP Magyar Fuggetlensegi Part a split from the Independent Smallholders Agrarian Workers and Civic Party In the semi free 1947 Hungarian parliamentary election he won a seat for the party However all mandates of the Independence Party which was defamed as fascist were canceled in November 1947 under pressure from the Communist Hungarian Working People s Party After that Miklos withdrew from public life He died one year later of unknown causes and was buried without military honour Awards and decorations edit nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp 1st row Golden Military Merit Medal on war ribbon with swords 7 January 1942 Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary Commander s Cross with Star on war ribbon with swords 23 September 1941 Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary Commander s Cross with Star on war ribbon 1940 Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary Commander s Cross on war ribbon with swords 1939 2nd row Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary Commander s Cross on war ribbon Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary 3rd Class 1932 Military Merit Cross 3rd Class with war decoration and swords 1914 1918 Silver Military Merit Medal on war ribbon with swords 1917 3rd row Bronze Military Merit Medal on war ribbon with swords 1915 Hungarian Bronze Military Merit Medal 1930 Karl Troop Cross Hungarian World War I Commemorative Medal4th row Long Service Crosses for Officers 2nd class Long Service Crosses for Officers 3rd class 18 September 1930 Transylvania Commemorative Medal Lower Hungary Commemorative Medal5th row Mobilization Cross 1912 13 Order of the German Eagle Grand Cross with star 1941 Grand Cross of the Order For Military Merit on war decoration 1 December 1943 German Red Cross Decoration 1st class 17 October 1936 6th row Iron Cross 1st Class 1941 Iron Cross 2nd Class 1941 Badge Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross 20 January 1942 Badge Badge of the Order of VitezReferences edit Peter F Sugar et al A history of Hungary 1990 pp 369 71 Further reading editBorhi Laszlo Hungary in the Cold War 1945 1956 Between the United States and the Soviet Union Central European university press 2004 Kenez Peter Hungary from the Nazis to the Soviets the Establishment of the Communist Regime in Hungary 1944 1948 Cambridge University Press 2006 External links editMagyar Eletrajzi Lexikon Library of SzegedPolitical officesPreceded byFerenc Szalasi Prime Minister of Hungary1944 1945 Succeeded byZoltan TildyMilitary officesPreceded byLieutenant General Karoly Beregfy Commander of the Hungarian First Army1 August 1944 16 October 1944 Succeeded byLieutenant General Dezso Laszlo Portals nbsp Biography nbsp Hungary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bela Miklos amp oldid 1210451936, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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