In 705 AD, the deposed Byzantine emperor Justinian II asked the Bulgarian khan Tervel for assistance to regain his throne. The Bulgarians sent 15,000-strong army and Justinian entered Constantinople. Tervel was awarded with the title Caesar, a huge amount of gold, silver and garments as well as the region called Zagore to the south of Stara Planina. However, when Justinian II stabilized his position in Constantinople he invaded Bulgaria to retake the lost territory but was defeated in the Battle of Anchialus (708) and later executed by his political rivals. The hostilities continued until 716 when the treaty was signed between the Bulgarians and Byzantines.
The Byzantine Empire recognized the Bulgarian borders including the newly gained lands of Zagore. In the treaty, the border between the two countries was stated as beginning at Mileoni in Thrace. However, Mileoni cannot be identified in the text but it obviously stands as a geographical term. According to Konstantin Jireček, Mileoni should be identified with one of the peaks of the Manastir Heights on the northern foothills of the Sakar Mountain.[2] On the highest peak (590 m) there are ruins of a fortress of a type typical for a Byzantine border outpost[3] and most probably it served as a border point. The border was defined by means of a trench (Erkesiya), known in the Middle Ages as the "big trench". It began from the lagoons around the Mandra Lake to the north of the ruins of Debelt and ran westwards to the Maritsa River with a length of 131 km.
The Byzantine Empire must continue to pay annual tribute to Bulgaria. The annual tribute agreed in 679 between Asparukh and Constantine IV and confirmed by Justinian II was reaffirmed.[4]
Both countries agreed to exchange refugees charged with conspiracy against the legal ruler. This term was pushed by Theodosius III because his authority was not stable and the Bulgarians had in the past helped rebels to take the imperial crown.
Goods could only be imported or exported when provided with a state seal. Goods without documents were to be confiscated for the state treasury.[5] The Bulgarian merchants gained official access to Europe's largest market in Constantinople.
Aftermathedit
The treaty was in Bulgaria's favour but it proved to be vital for the Byzantine Empire. Based on that agreement the Bulgarians sent an army to relieve the Second Arab siege of Constantinople and ambushed an Arab force near the city, another Arab force sent by Caliph Sulayman arrived in 717 under ‘Ubayda ibn Qays Al-‘Uqayli, and met the Bulgars in a victorious battle, Arab sources mention the conquest of a city called “Madīnat al-Saqāliba” (City of The Slavs).[1][2][3][4][5]
In 719 Tervel withdrew his support for the new pretender for the Byzantine throne Anastasius. The treaty lasted until 756 when the Bulgarian Khan Kormisosh asked for tribute for the newly constructed Byzantine border fortifications but his envoy was ignored.[6] A long period of Byzantine–Bulgarian wars began which lasted with interruptions for more than half a century. Despite the initial Byzantine successes in 792, 811 and 813 they suffered crushing defeats. A year before the battle of Versinikia in 813 Khan Krum offered the Byzantines to reestablish the Treaty of 716.[7] However, his offer was declined because of the third point of the treaty concerning the exchange of political refugees.[6] The Byzantines still had illusions that they could interfere in the Bulgarian internal affairs after the series of weak and short-ruled Bulgarian khans in the second half of the 8th century.[6] After the death of Krum, a new 30-year peace treaty was signed in 815 between the new Khan Omurtag and Leo V the Armenian.
Referencesedit
Zlatarski, Vasil (1971) [1927]. "Part I. The Huno-Bulgarian dominance (679-852). I. Establishment and consolidation of the Bulgarian state. 2. The Bulgarian rulers of the Dulo Clan". (in Bulgarian) (2 ed.). Sofia: Nauka i izkustvo. OCLC 67080314. Archived from the original on 2008-06-18. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
byzantine, bulgarian, treaty, treaty, agreement, between, bulgaria, byzantine, empire, signed, ruling, bulgarian, khan, tervel, kormesiy, byzantine, emperor, theodosius, bulgaria, byzantine, empire, after, treaty, contents, background, settlements, aftermath, . The Treaty of 716 was an agreement between Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire It was signed by the son of the ruling Bulgarian Khan Tervel Kormesiy 1 and the Byzantine Emperor Theodosius III Bulgaria and the Byzantine Empire in 716 after the treaty Contents 1 Background 2 Settlements 3 Aftermath 4 References 5 FootnotesBackground editIn 705 AD the deposed Byzantine emperor Justinian II asked the Bulgarian khan Tervel for assistance to regain his throne The Bulgarians sent 15 000 strong army and Justinian entered Constantinople Tervel was awarded with the title Caesar a huge amount of gold silver and garments as well as the region called Zagore to the south of Stara Planina However when Justinian II stabilized his position in Constantinople he invaded Bulgaria to retake the lost territory but was defeated in the Battle of Anchialus 708 and later executed by his political rivals The hostilities continued until 716 when the treaty was signed between the Bulgarians and Byzantines Settlements edit nbsp Emperor Theodosius III The terms of the treaty of 716 were 1 The Byzantine Empire recognized the Bulgarian borders including the newly gained lands of Zagore In the treaty the border between the two countries was stated as beginning at Mileoni in Thrace However Mileoni cannot be identified in the text but it obviously stands as a geographical term According to Konstantin Jirecek Mileoni should be identified with one of the peaks of the Manastir Heights on the northern foothills of the Sakar Mountain 2 On the highest peak 590 m there are ruins of a fortress of a type typical for a Byzantine border outpost 3 and most probably it served as a border point The border was defined by means of a trench Erkesiya known in the Middle Ages as the big trench It began from the lagoons around the Mandra Lake to the north of the ruins of Debelt and ran westwards to the Maritsa River with a length of 131 km The Byzantine Empire must continue to pay annual tribute to Bulgaria The annual tribute agreed in 679 between Asparukh and Constantine IV and confirmed by Justinian II was reaffirmed 4 Both countries agreed to exchange refugees charged with conspiracy against the legal ruler This term was pushed by Theodosius III because his authority was not stable and the Bulgarians had in the past helped rebels to take the imperial crown Goods could only be imported or exported when provided with a state seal Goods without documents were to be confiscated for the state treasury 5 The Bulgarian merchants gained official access to Europe s largest market in Constantinople Aftermath editThe treaty was in Bulgaria s favour but it proved to be vital for the Byzantine Empire Based on that agreement the Bulgarians sent an army to relieve the Second Arab siege of Constantinople and ambushed an Arab force near the city another Arab force sent by Caliph Sulayman arrived in 717 under Ubayda ibn Qays Al Uqayli and met the Bulgars in a victorious battle Arab sources mention the conquest of a city called Madinat al Saqaliba City of The Slavs 1 2 3 4 5 In 719 Tervel withdrew his support for the new pretender for the Byzantine throne Anastasius The treaty lasted until 756 when the Bulgarian Khan Kormisosh asked for tribute for the newly constructed Byzantine border fortifications but his envoy was ignored 6 A long period of Byzantine Bulgarian wars began which lasted with interruptions for more than half a century Despite the initial Byzantine successes in 792 811 and 813 they suffered crushing defeats A year before the battle of Versinikia in 813 Khan Krum offered the Byzantines to reestablish the Treaty of 716 7 However his offer was declined because of the third point of the treaty concerning the exchange of political refugees 6 The Byzantines still had illusions that they could interfere in the Bulgarian internal affairs after the series of weak and short ruled Bulgarian khans in the second half of the 8th century 6 After the death of Krum a new 30 year peace treaty was signed in 815 between the new Khan Omurtag and Leo V the Armenian References editZlatarski Vasil 1971 1927 Part I The Huno Bulgarian dominance 679 852 I Establishment and consolidation of the Bulgarian state 2 The Bulgarian rulers of the Dulo Clan History of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages Volume I History of the First Bulgarian Empire in Bulgarian 2 ed Sofia Nauka i izkustvo OCLC 67080314 Archived from the original on 2008 06 18 Retrieved 2009 04 29 Footnotes edit a b Theophanes ibid 497 Const Jereek Beitrge zur antiken Geographic und Epigraphik von Bulgarien und Rumelien v Monatsberichte dir K Akademie zu Br Shkorpil Pametnici iz Blgarsko Trakiya Sofiya 1888 str 66 Zlatarski p 243 A Ber Istoriya vsemirnoj torgovli Moskva 1876 ch I str 145 a b c Andreev J The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars Balgarskite hanove i tsare Blgarskite hanove i care Veliko Tarnovo 1996 p 31 ISBN 954 427 216 X Theophanes Confessor Chronographia p 503 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Byzantine Bulgarian treaty of 716 amp oldid 1147111681, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
