The Bythograeidae are a small family of blind crabs which live around hydrothermal vents. The family contains 16 species in six genera.[1][2] Their relationships to other crabs are unclear.[3] They are believed to eat bacteria and other vent organisms. Bythograeidae are a monophyletic, sister taxon of the superfamily Xanthoidea which split to inhabit hydrothermal vents around the Eocene.[4][5]
Due to the lack of fossils found in this group the exact date of origin of Bythograeidae remains unknown. It has been suggested that bythograeidae do not originate from an ancient hydrothermal bathyal groups but instead arose from brachyuran stock that was adapted to shallow hydrothermal vents and then transitioned to deep sea hydrothermal vents around the Eocene.[6]
Bythograeidae are almost exclusively found in the East Pacific Rise. Some exceptions include Austinograea alayseae, Austinograea williamsi and the genus Gandalfus which are found in the western Pacific and Austinograea rodriguezensis which is found only in the Central Indian Ridge.[7]
Ecologyedit
The hydrothermal vents where these crabs live are typically short lived, lasting from 10 to 100 years. These are extreme environments, with high temperatures, high concentrations of sulphides, heavy metals, carbon dioxide and an acidic environment.[8] At this depth there is also limited access to light making photosynthesis nearly impossible. Instead, organisms rely on Chemosynthetic bacteria to sustain the vast amounts of life in Chemotrophic ecosystems.[9]
Bythograeidae are omnivorous scavengers, they are believed to eat bacteria and other vent organisms however they can also be found far from active sites.
Speciesedit
Genus Allograea Guinot, Hurtado & Vrijenhoek, 2002
Wikispecies has information related to Bythograeidae.
^Colin McLay (2007). "New crabs from hydrothermal vents of the Kermadec Ridge submarine volcanoes, New Zealand: Gandalfus gen. nov. (Bythograeidae) and Xenograpsus (Varunidae) (Decapoda: Brachyura)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1524: 1–22. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1524.1.1.
^von Sternberg, R.; Cumberlidge, N.; Rodriguez, G. (March 1999). "On the marine sister groups of the freshwater crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 37 (1): 19–38. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0469.1999.95092.x. ISSN 0947-5745.
^Lee, Won-Kyung; Kim, Se-Joo; Hou, Bo Kyeng; Dover, Cindy Lee Van; Ju, Se-Jong (2019-04-24). "Population genetic differentiation of the hydrothermal vent crab Austinograea alayseae (Crustacea: Bythograeidae) in the Southwest Pacific Ocean". PLOS ONE. 14 (4): e0215829. Bibcode:2019PLoSO..1415829L. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215829. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC6481846. PMID 31017948.
^Tudge, Christopher; Jamieson, Barrie; Segonzac, Michel; Guinot, Daniele (1998-07-01). "Spermatozoal ultrastructure in three species of hydrothermal vent crab, in the genera Bythograea, Austinograea and Segonzacia (Decapoda, Brachyura, Bythograeidae)". Invertebrate Reproduction & Development. 34: 13–23. doi:10.1080/07924259.1998.9652349.
^Watanabe, Hiromi K; Chen, Chong; Kojima, Shigeaki; Kato, Shogo; Yamamoto, Hiroyuki (2020-09-01). "Population connectivity of the crab Gandalfus yunohana (Takeda, Hashimoto & Ohta, 2000) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Bythograeidae) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the northwestern Pacific". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 40 (5): 556–562. doi:10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa045. ISSN 0278-0372.
^Leignel, V.; Hurtado, L. A.; Segonzac, M. (2017-08-22). "Ecology, adaptation and acclimatisation mechanisms of Bythograeidae Williams, 1980, a unique endemic hydrothermal vent crabs family: current state of knowledge". Marine and Freshwater Research. 69 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1071/MF17007. ISSN 1448-6059.
^Ramirez-Llodra, E; Keith, DA (2020). "M3.7 Chemosynthetic-based-ecosystems (CBE)". In Keith, D.A.; Ferrer-Paris, J.R.; Nicholson, E.; Kingsford, R.T. (eds.). The IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2.0: Descriptive profiles for biomes and ecosystem functional groups. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. doi:10.2305/IUCN.CH.2020.13.en. ISBN978-2-8317-2077-7. S2CID 241360441.
January 09, 2024
bythograeidae, small, family, blind, crabs, which, live, around, hydrothermal, vents, family, contains, species, genera, their, relationships, other, crabs, unclear, they, believed, bacteria, other, vent, organisms, monophyletic, sister, taxon, superfamily, xa. The Bythograeidae are a small family of blind crabs which live around hydrothermal vents The family contains 16 species in six genera 1 2 Their relationships to other crabs are unclear 3 They are believed to eat bacteria and other vent organisms Bythograeidae are a monophyletic sister taxon of the superfamily Xanthoidea which split to inhabit hydrothermal vents around the Eocene 4 5 BythograeidaeGandalfus yunohanaScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass MalacostracaOrder DecapodaSuborder PleocyemataInfraorder BrachyuraSubsection HeterotremataSuperfamily BythograeoideaWilliams 1980Family BythograeidaeWilliams 1980GeneraAllograea Austinograea Bythograea Cyanagraea Gandalfus Segonzacia Contents 1 Origins 2 Distribution 3 Ecology 4 Species 5 ReferencesOrigins editDue to the lack of fossils found in this group the exact date of origin of Bythograeidae remains unknown It has been suggested that bythograeidae do not originate from an ancient hydrothermal bathyal groups but instead arose from brachyuran stock that was adapted to shallow hydrothermal vents and then transitioned to deep sea hydrothermal vents around the Eocene 6 nbsp A consortium of Cyanagraea praedator crabs in an area of hydrothermal activityDistribution editBythograeidae are almost exclusively found in the East Pacific Rise Some exceptions include Austinograea alayseae Austinograea williamsi and the genus Gandalfus which are found in the western Pacific and Austinograea rodriguezensis which is found only in the Central Indian Ridge 7 Ecology editThe hydrothermal vents where these crabs live are typically short lived lasting from 10 to 100 years These are extreme environments with high temperatures high concentrations of sulphides heavy metals carbon dioxide and an acidic environment 8 At this depth there is also limited access to light making photosynthesis nearly impossible Instead organisms rely on Chemosynthetic bacteria to sustain the vast amounts of life in Chemotrophic ecosystems 9 Bythograeidae are omnivorous scavengers they are believed to eat bacteria and other vent organisms however they can also be found far from active sites Species editGenus Allograea Guinot Hurtado amp Vrijenhoek 2002 Allograea tomentosa Guinot Hurtado amp Vrijenhoek 2002 Genus Austinograea Hessler amp Martin 1989 Austinograea alayseae Guinot 1990 Austinograea hourdezi Guinot amp Segonzac 2018 Austinograea jolliveti Guinot amp Segonzac 2018 Austinograea rodriguezensis Tsuchida amp Hashimoto 2002 Austinograea williamsi Hessler amp Martin 1989 Genus Bythograea Williams 1980 nbsp Austinograea rodriguezensisBythograea galapagensis Guinot amp Hurtado 2003 Bythograea intermedia Saint Laurent 1988 Bythograea laubieri Guinot amp Segonzac 1997 Bythograea microps Saint Laurent 1984 Bythograea thermydron Williams 1980 Bythograea vrijenhoeki Guinot amp Hurtado 2003 Genus Cyanagraea Saint Laurent 1984 Cyanagraea praedator Saint Laurent 1984 Genus Gandalfus McLay 2007 Gandalfus puia McLay 2007 Gandalfus yunohana Takeda Hashimoto amp Ohta 2000 nbsp Austinograea alayseaeGenus Segonzacia Guinot 1989 Segonzacia mesatlantica Williams 1988 References edit nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Bythograeidae Colin McLay 2007 New crabs from hydrothermal vents of the Kermadec Ridge submarine volcanoes New Zealand Gandalfus gen nov Bythograeidae and Xenograpsus Varunidae Decapoda Brachyura PDF Zootaxa 1524 1 22 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 1524 1 1 P Davie 2010 Bythograeidae Dana 1852 World Register of Marine Species Retrieved December 6 2010 J W Martin amp G E Davis 2001 An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea PDF Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County pp 1 132 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 05 12 Retrieved 2009 12 14 von Sternberg R Cumberlidge N Rodriguez G March 1999 On the marine sister groups of the freshwater crabs Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 37 1 19 38 doi 10 1046 j 1439 0469 1999 95092 x ISSN 0947 5745 Lee Won Kyung Kim Se Joo Hou Bo Kyeng Dover Cindy Lee Van Ju Se Jong 2019 04 24 Population genetic differentiation of the hydrothermal vent crab Austinograea alayseae Crustacea Bythograeidae in the Southwest Pacific Ocean PLOS ONE 14 4 e0215829 Bibcode 2019PLoSO 1415829L doi 10 1371 journal pone 0215829 ISSN 1932 6203 PMC 6481846 PMID 31017948 Tudge Christopher Jamieson Barrie Segonzac Michel Guinot Daniele 1998 07 01 Spermatozoal ultrastructure in three species of hydrothermal vent crab in the genera Bythograea Austinograea and Segonzacia Decapoda Brachyura Bythograeidae Invertebrate Reproduction amp Development 34 13 23 doi 10 1080 07924259 1998 9652349 Watanabe Hiromi K Chen Chong Kojima Shigeaki Kato Shogo Yamamoto Hiroyuki 2020 09 01 Population connectivity of the crab Gandalfus yunohana Takeda Hashimoto amp Ohta 2000 Decapoda Brachyura Bythograeidae from deep sea hydrothermal vents in the northwestern Pacific Journal of Crustacean Biology 40 5 556 562 doi 10 1093 jcbiol ruaa045 ISSN 0278 0372 Leignel V Hurtado L A Segonzac M 2017 08 22 Ecology adaptation and acclimatisation mechanisms of Bythograeidae Williams 1980 a unique endemic hydrothermal vent crabs family current state of knowledge Marine and Freshwater Research 69 1 1 15 doi 10 1071 MF17007 ISSN 1448 6059 Ramirez Llodra E Keith DA 2020 M3 7 Chemosynthetic based ecosystems CBE In Keith D A Ferrer Paris J R Nicholson E Kingsford R T eds The IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology 2 0 Descriptive profiles for biomes and ecosystem functional groups Gland Switzerland IUCN doi 10 2305 IUCN CH 2020 13 en ISBN 978 2 8317 2077 7 S2CID 241360441 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bythograeidae amp oldid 1183260590, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
