Murders of Haile Kifer and Nicholas Brady

The murders of Haile Kifer and Nicholas Brady occurred on Thanksgiving Day of 2012, when Haile Kifer, 18, and her cousin, Nicholas Brady, 17, broke into the home of 64-year-old Byron David Smith in Little Falls, Minnesota, in the United States. Smith shot the teens separately and 10 minutes apart as they entered the basement where he was, later stating to police he was worried about them being armed. After already shooting them once, he repeatedly taunted them while they were injured as he shot them both in an execution style until they were dead. He did not report that he had killed Kifer and Brady until the day after the murders, keeping their corpses in his closet. On April 29, 2014, he was found guilty of two counts of premeditated first-degree murder. He was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.

Murders of Haile Kifer and Nicholas Brady
Location of Little Falls within the state of Minnesota
Location	Little Falls, Minnesota, U.S.
Date	November 22, 2012; 11 years ago (2012-11-22)
Attack type	Double-murder, child murder, execution-style murder, shooting
Weapons	High Standard Double Nine Convertible .22-caliber revolver Ruger Mini-14^[1]
Deaths	2
Perpetrator	Byron David Smith
Verdict	Guilty on all counts
Convictions	Premeditated first-degree murder (×2) Second-degree murder (×2)
Sentence	Two life sentences without the possibility of parole

The case sparked debate over the "castle doctrine", which allows homeowners to defend their homes with lethal force.^[2][3] The prosecution alleged that Smith's actions and a recording he made himself while the incidents were unfolding showed premeditation (lying in wait) and that he used excessive force after having neutralized the threat. He was convicted by a jury after three hours of deliberation and sentenced to life in prison.^[4]

Lead up

Smith (born June 11, 1948) was retired from the U.S. State Department.^[5] He was never married and lived alone. His brother described him as a retired security engineering officer.^[6]

Smith claimed at trial that prior to the murders he had been burgled at least half a dozen times over the preceding few months. He had reported only one previous burglary to police, and investigators found evidence of only two previous burglaries (one of which occurred in his detached garage and of which he appeared to have no knowledge when it was brought up by police). Among the items stolen were four thousand dollars in cash, his father's POW watch, coins from a collection, and a chainsaw. Smith began routinely wearing a holster with a loaded gun inside his home, as well as stashing bottles of water and granola bars in his basement.^[7][8] Smith installed a security system to protect himself.^[7]

Murders

On November 22, 2012, Smith drove his vehicle down the road, parking it in front of a neighbor's home. About an hour later, Kifer and Brady broke into Smith's home. Video surveillance captured the teens casing the property prior to the break-in.^[9]

By his own account to police, Smith had been visiting neighbors when he saw Kifer, whom he suspected was responsible for the burglaries, driving past his home. He commented that he needed to get ready for her and went back to his home. Upon entering his home, Smith turned on a recording device he owned. He removed the light bulbs from the ceiling lights and positioned himself in a chair that was obscured from view. He heard the window upstairs break and Brady climb in (captured on audio). Smith then waited in silence for 12 minutes, until Brady began to descend into the basement. Smith shot Brady twice on the stairs, and once in the head after he fell to the bottom of the stairs. Smith then made taunting remarks to Brady's body, wrapped it in a tarp and dragged him into another room. He went upstairs, and 10 to 15 minutes later, he ran back down into the basement, reloaded his weapon and took up his previous position in the obscured chair. Minutes later, Kifer entered the home and could be heard calling her cousin's name. As she made her way down the stairs, Smith shot her. Wounded, she fell down the stairs, and Smith can be heard on the recording sarcastically saying "Oh, sorry about that," followed by Kifer saying "Oh, my God" very quickly; Smith shoots her again, multiple times in the torso, in the midst of which she screams "Oh, my God!", and once next to her left eye.^[10] He repeatedly called her derogatory names and then dragged her into the other room, tossing her body on top of her cousin's, and shot her one final time under the chin, murdering her.^[1] Audio and video of the events were recorded by Smith's security system.^[11]

Investigation

The deaths were not immediately reported to police, as he waited until the next day to notify police of the shootings.^[7] Morrison County Sheriff Michel Wetzel has acknowledged that Brady and Kifer were there to burgle Smith's residence.^[12] Brady's sister claimed Brady stole drugs from her home on August 28, a case that was still under investigation at the time of Brady's killing.^[6] Evidence recovered from the car driven by Brady was linked to a burglary of the residence of a retired teacher the night before he and Kifer were killed by Smith.^[13]

Smith's statements to police describe delivering the coups mortels (English: fatal blows) to the heads of both teens after he had shot them on the stairs and they lay wounded on the basement floor.^[14][15] In his statement, Smith said that Kifer had let out a short laugh after she fell down the stairs, saying "If you're trying to shoot somebody and they laugh at you, you go again." The audiotape did not record Kifer laughing; instead, she cries "Oh, my God!" very rapidly in fear. In police interviews Smith acknowledged "firing more shots than I needed to" and that he fired "a good clean finishing shot" into Kifer's head.^[5]

Castle doctrine debate

Legal analysts have stated that the initial shootings most likely would have been justified under Minnesota's laws, but that the subsequent shots were not justified once any threat had been removed.^[16] Sheriff Wetzel said that "The law doesn't permit you to execute somebody once a threat is gone."^[6] Hamline University School of Law professor Joseph Olson said, "I think the first shot is justified. After the person is no longer a threat because they're seriously wounded, the application of self-defense is over."^[12]

In addition to his home surveillance system, Smith also recorded at least 6 hours of audio on a digital recorder in the basement of the residence.^[7] Prior to the break-in, he is heard saying "In your left eye." and "I realize I don't have an appointment but I would like to see one of the lawyers here." The prosecution noted that Kifer was later shot in the left eye by Smith and allege that the other statement is a rehearsal of what he would say after the shooting—an indication that he knew he would soon need an attorney.^[17]

Following the shootings, Smith made a number of statements, including: "I am not a bleeding heart liberal. I felt like I was cleaning up a mess—not like spilled food, not like vomit, not even like... not even like diarrhea—the worst mess possible. And I was stuck with it... in some tiny little respect. I was doing my civic duty. If the law enforcement system couldn't handle it, I had to do it. I had to do it. The law system couldn't handle her and it fell into my lap and she dropped her problem in my lap... and she threw her own problem in my face. And I had to clean it up."^[17] Smith's recorded statements, the evidence indicating he had planned the shootings, along with the excessive number of shots fired, led to Smith being charged with second-degree murder.^[17] Smith was initially charged with two counts of second-degree murder; however, in April 2013, he was indicted on two counts of first-degree murder.^[12][14] Bail was later set at US$50,000 (equivalent to $65,400 in 2023), which Smith posted.^[18]

Hamline law professor emeritus Joseph Daly commented that the laws surrounding the case were dividing the Little Falls community. "In some states, somebody breaks into your home you are allowed to shoot them dead. Period," said Daly. He pointed out other states, such as Florida, have a "stand your ground" law, but Minnesota has what's known as a reasonable person doctrine. "If a reasonable person would see if you are in fear of great bodily harm or death. That's our statute. It comes down to, what would a reasonable person see in this situation for Mr. Smith?" said Daly, arguing that summary execution is reasonable.^[19]

Trial

On April 21, 2014, Smith's jury trial commenced in Morrison County. Smith was represented by attorneys Steven J. Meshbesher and Adam T. Johnson.^[20] On April 29, 2014, Smith was found guilty on two counts of first-degree murder with premeditation and on two counts of second-degree murder after three hours of jury deliberations. He was immediately sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.^[4] The audio recordings were named by the jurors as the biggest influence on their decision. "That was the most damning piece of evidence in my mind," Wes Hatlestad, one of 12 jurors, said following the trial. "That audio recording of the actual killings and the audio recording of Mr. Smith's interview immediately after his arrest ... pretty much convinced me that we were dealing with a deranged individual."^[21]

Appeals

Following his conviction and sentence of life imprisonment, Smith appealed to the Minnesota Supreme Court.^[22] On March 9, 2016, the Minnesota Supreme Court affirmed Smith's conviction and sentence.^[23] In November 2018, Smith's attorneys filed a federal appeal, citing a brief closure of the trial to the public as grounds for Smith's conviction to be set aside, which, if granted, would necessitate a new trial.^[24] The federal district court denied relief, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed.^[25] On November 20, 2020, Smith's lawyers filed a petition for writ of certiorari in the United States Supreme Court, which was denied on March 22, 2021.^[26]

Smith is currently incarcerated at Oak Park Heights Prison.^[27]

Law

Under Minnesota state statute, "[R]easonable force may be used upon or toward the person of another without the other's consent when the following circumstances exist or the actor reasonably believes them to exist...when used by any person in lawful possession of real or personal property...in resisting...unlawful interference with such property...^[28] Unlawful interference with Mr. Smith's property was ended by Smith's initial shots, which disabled Brady and then Kifer; these shots constituted reasonable force. The jury believed the actions Smith undertook to kill Brady and Kifer after disabling them were not an act of reasonable force to resist unlawful interference.

Another state statute states: "The intentional taking of the life of another is not authorized...except when necessary in resisting or preventing an offense which the actor reasonably believes exposes the actor or another to great bodily harm or death, or preventing the commission of a felony in the actor's place of abode."^[29] The jury found that the potential offense which exposed Smith to great bodily harm was ended by the disabling shots to Brady and Kifer; the potential felonies on Smith's abode were ended at this point. The further acts Smith committed to end Brady and Kifer's lives were not necessary to prevent or resist the offenses committed.

According to another state statute: "In criminal trials, the court shall decide questions of law, except in cases of criminal defamation, and the jury shall decide questions of fact."^[30] The jury's findings were based on an application of existing law to reflect the fact that any threat to Smith's person and property presented by Brady and Kifer had been sufficiently neutralized by the Smith's initial, disabling shots.

References

1. . WPTV. November 27, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-11-30.
2. Louwagie, Pam; Brooks, Jennifer (April 30, 2014). "Byron Smith gets life sentence for murdering two Little Falls teens". Star Tribune.
3. (PDF). May 6, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-02. Retrieved 2009-03-19. The "Castle Doctrine" is a long-standing American legal concept arising from English Common Law that provides that one's abode is a special area in which one enjoys certain protections and immunities, that one is not obligated to retreat before defending oneself against attack, and that one may do so without fear of prosecution.
4. "Little Falls Man Found Guilty On All Four Counts Of Murder". Associated Press, WCCO. CBS Local Media. CBS Minnesota WCCO. 29 April 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
5. Baran, Madeleine (November 28, 2012). "Little Falls shooter protected U.S. embassies from terrorists and spies". MPR News. Minnesota Public Radio.
6. Forliti, Amy (27 November 2012). . Associated Press. Associated Press. AP News. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
7. "Byron Smith: Trial set to begin for Minnesota man who fatally shot teens in his home". Associated Press. CBS Interactive Inc. www.cbsnews.com. 14 April 2014.
8. Oakes, Larry; Powell, Joy (28 November 2012). "One break-in tied to slain Little Falls teens, others being investigated". StarTribune. StarTribune. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
9. "Byron Smith house surveillance (RAW video)". www.sctimes.com. St. Cloud Times.
10. McCluskey, Brent. "CRIME SCENE PHOTOS RELEASED FROM BYRON SMITH MURDER TRIAL (PHOTOS)". Retrieved May 5, 2014.
11. "HEAR IT: Graphic audio catches moment Byron Smith guns down two teens". Associated Press. NYDailyNews.com. New York Daily News. 1 May 2014.
12. Brown, Curt; Louwagie, Pam; Powell, Joy (22 December 2012). "Little Falls teen shooting deaths called 'cold-blooded'". Star Tribune. StarTribune. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
13. Powell, Joy (November 28, 2012). "Slain teenage cousins are linked to an earlier Little Falls break-in?". Star Tribune. StarTribune. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
14. Magan, Christopher; Lindberg, Joseph (November 25, 2012). "Little Falls man describes 'finishing' teenagers with shots to heads". Pioneer Press. Digital First Media. Retrieved 2014-04-28.
15. "Criminal Complaint: State of Minn. vs. Byron David Smith" (PDF). stmedia.startribune.com. 26 November 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
16. Thornton, Patrick (December 7, 2012). "In Morrison County shooting case, Minnesota state law on trial". Minnesota Lawyer. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
17. Gerdes, Ashli (April 29, 2014). "Byron Smith Murder Trial Case Sent to Jury". WJON. Townsquare Media, LLC.
18. Shenoy, Rupa; Forliti, Amy; Associated Press (25 April 2013). "Grand jury indicts Byron Smith of first-degree murder in shooting deaths of 2 teens". www.mprnews.org. Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
19. Seavert, Lindsay (April 27, 2014). "Byron Smith trial set to begin Monday". KARE 11.
20. Katzenberger, Sarah (April 23, 2014). . West Central Tribune. Archived from the original on October 1, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
21. "Court releases recording of Byron Smith gunning down teens". Associated Press. TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc. The Huffington Post. 2 May 2014.
22. "Minnesota Supreme Court to hear Byron Smith's appeal". Brainerd Dispatch. July 29, 2015. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
23. Costantini, Allen (March 9, 2016). "MN Supreme Court upholds Byron Smith conviction". KARE 11 News. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
24. "Byron Smith's attorneys file federal appeal in Little Falls murder case". Star Tribune.
25. Levin, Daniel B. (May 2001). "Fairness and Precedent: Anastasoff v. United States, 223 F.3d 898 (8th Cir.), vacated on other grounds, 235 F.3d 1054 (8th Cir. 2000)". The Yale Law Journal. 110 (7): 1295–1302. doi:10.2307/797530. ISSN 0044-0094. JSTOR 797530.
26. Plautus, Titus Maccius (2010), Ritschl, Friedrich Wilhelm (ed.), "Appendix · Critica", T. Macci Plauti Comoediae, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 583–633, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511710629.031, ISBN 978-0-511-71062-9, retrieved 2021-01-30
27. "Details".
28. "609.06 - 2015 Authorized Use Of Force". www.revisor.mn.gov. Revisor of Statutes, State of Minnesota.
29. "609.065 - 2015 Justifiable Taking Of Life". www.revisor.mn.gov. Revisor of Statutes, State of Minnesota.
30. "631.06 - 2015 Questions Of Law And Fact; Decision Making; Court And Jury". www.revisor.mn.gov. Revisor of Statutes, State of Minnesota.

External links

• "12 Minutes on Elm Street" – Dateline NBC, season 8, 16 May 2014 (preview)