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The Burgraviate of Nuremberg (German: Burggrafschaft Nürnberg) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire from the early 12th to the late 15th centuries. As a burgraviate, it was a county seated in the town of Nuremberg; almost two centuries passed before the burgraviate lost power over the city, which became independent from 1219. Eventually, the burgraviate was partitioned to form Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Bayreuth.
This section duplicates the scope of other articles, specifically Nuremberg#Middle Ages. Please discuss this issue on the talk page and edit it to conform with Wikipedia's Manual of Style by replacing the section with a link and a summary of the repeated material or by spinning off the repeated text into an article in its own right.(November 2018)
Nuremberg was probably founded around the turn of the 11th century, according to the first documentary mention of the city in 1050, as the location of an Imperial castle between the East Franks and the Bavarian March of the Nordgau.[1] From 1050 to 1571, the city expanded and rose dramatically in importance due to its location on key trade routes. King Conrad III established the burgraviate and the first administration and courts over the surrounding Imperial territories. The first burgraves were from the Austrian House of Raabs but, with the extinction of their male line around 1190, the burgraviate was inherited by the last count's son-in-law, of the House of Hohenzollern. From the late 12th century to the Interregnum (1254–73), however, the power of the burgraves diminished as the Staufen emperors transferred most non-military powers to a castellan, with the city administration and the municipal courts handed over to an Imperial mayor (German: Reichsschultheiß) from 1173/74.[1][2] This castellan not only administered the imperial lands surrounding Nuremberg, but levied taxes and constituted the highest judicial court in matters relating to poaching and forestry; he also was the appointed protector of the various ecclesiastical establishments, churches and monasteries, even of the Bishopric of Bamberg. The privileges of this castellanship were transferred to the city during the late-14th and early-15th centuries. The strained relations between the burgraves and the castellan finally broke out into open enmity, which greatly influenced the history of the city.[2]
Nuremberg is often referred to as having been the 'unofficial capital' of the Holy Roman Empire, particularly because Imperial Diets (Reichstage) and courts met at Nuremberg Castle. The Diets of Nuremberg were an important part of the administrative structure of the empire. The increasing demand of the royal court and the increasing importance of the city attracted increased trade and commerce to Nuremberg, supported by the Hohenstaufen emperors. Frederick II (reigned 1212–50) granted the Großen Freiheitsbrief (English: Great Letter of Freedom) in 1219, including town rights, Imperial immediacy (Reichsfreiheit), the privilege to mint coins and an independent customs policy, almost wholly removing the city from the purview of the burgraves.[1][2] Nuremberg soon became, with Augsburg, one of the two great trade centers on the route from Italy to Northern Europe.
c. 1143 – c. 1160 Gottfried III (ruled until c. 1160)
c. 1160–1191/92 Conrad II (c. 1125/30 – 1191/92, died without male descendants)
House of Hohenzollern
1192–1200/1204 Frederick I (1139–1200/1204), originally Frederick III, Count of Zollern, and married Sophia, daughter of Conrad II, later becoming burgrave through this union.
1204–1218 Frederick II (1188–1255, younger son of Frederick I)
1218–1261/1262 Conrad I der Fromme (c. 1186–1261/2, elder son of Frederick I and brother of Frederick II). Count of Zollern as Conrad III
1297–1300 John I (c. 1279–1300, elder son of Frederick III). Ruled with his brother Frederick IV.
1297–1332 Frederick IV (1287–1332, younger son of Frederick III and brother of John I). Took over the sole rule of the burgraviate after the death of his brother.
^ abc(in German) Nürnberg, Reichsstadt: Politische und soziale Entwicklung 2015-11-18 at the Wayback Machine (Political and Social Development of the Imperial City of Nuremberg), Historisches Lexikon Bayerns
^ abc Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Nuremberg". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Further reading
Sigmund Benker, Andreas Kraus (ed.): Geschichte Frankens bis zum Ausgang des 18. Jahrhunderts (English: History of Franconia to the end of the 18th century). 3rd edition. Beck, Munich 1997. ISBN3-406-39451-5
Gerhard Taddey: Lexikon der deutschen Geschichte (English: Encyclopedia of German history). 3rd edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1998. ISBN3-520-81303-3
Markus Twellenkamp: Die Burggrafen von Nürnberg und das deutsche Königtum (1273–1417) (English: The Burgraves of Nuremberg and the German monarchy (1273–1417)). Korn und Berg, Nuremberg 1994. ISBN3-87432-129-0 (Originally a PhD thesis, University of Bonn, 1993)
March 20, 2023
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in German August 2010 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the German article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 9 737 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at de Burggrafschaft Nurnberg see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated de Burggrafschaft Nurnberg to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Burgraviate of Nuremberg German Burggrafschaft Nurnberg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire from the early 12th to the late 15th centuries As a burgraviate it was a county seated in the town of Nuremberg almost two centuries passed before the burgraviate lost power over the city which became independent from 1219 Eventually the burgraviate was partitioned to form Brandenburg Ansbach and Brandenburg Bayreuth Burgraviate of NurembergBurggrafschaft Nurnberg1105 1440Flag under the Raabs Coat of arms underthe HohenzollernStatusCountyCapitalNurembergGovernmentCountyHistorical eraMiddle Ages First documentary mention1050 Burgraviate granted to House of Raabs1105 City administration transferred1173 74 Raabs line extinct to Hohenzollern1191 Grosser Freiheitsbrief granted to city1219 Raised to princely status1363 Burgraviate sold to city exc Blutgericht1427 1440 Partitioned to Ansbach amp Bayreuth1440Preceded by Succeeded byPrince Bishopric of Bamberg Imperial City of NurembergBrandenburg AnsbachBrandenburg BayreuthToday part ofGermanyCoat of arms of the Hohenzollern as burgraves in a stained glass window at Hohenzollern Castle Nuremberg Imperial Castle The Burgrave s Castle Cadolzburg Castle from 1260 seat of the Burgraves Contents 1 History 2 List of burgraves 2 1 House of Raabs 2 2 House of Hohenzollern 3 References 4 Further readingHistory EditThis section duplicates the scope of other articles specifically Nuremberg Middle Ages Please discuss this issue on the talk page and edit it to conform with Wikipedia s Manual of Style by replacing the section with a link and a summary of the repeated material or by spinning off the repeated text into an article in its own right November 2018 See also Nuremberg History Nuremberg was probably founded around the turn of the 11th century according to the first documentary mention of the city in 1050 as the location of an Imperial castle between the East Franks and the Bavarian March of the Nordgau 1 From 1050 to 1571 the city expanded and rose dramatically in importance due to its location on key trade routes King Conrad III established the burgraviate and the first administration and courts over the surrounding Imperial territories The first burgraves were from the Austrian House of Raabs but with the extinction of their male line around 1190 the burgraviate was inherited by the last count s son in law of the House of Hohenzollern From the late 12th century to the Interregnum 1254 73 however the power of the burgraves diminished as the Staufen emperors transferred most non military powers to a castellan with the city administration and the municipal courts handed over to an Imperial mayor German Reichsschultheiss from 1173 74 1 2 This castellan not only administered the imperial lands surrounding Nuremberg but levied taxes and constituted the highest judicial court in matters relating to poaching and forestry he also was the appointed protector of the various ecclesiastical establishments churches and monasteries even of the Bishopric of Bamberg The privileges of this castellanship were transferred to the city during the late 14th and early 15th centuries The strained relations between the burgraves and the castellan finally broke out into open enmity which greatly influenced the history of the city 2 Nuremberg is often referred to as having been the unofficial capital of the Holy Roman Empire particularly because Imperial Diets Reichstage and courts met at Nuremberg Castle The Diets of Nuremberg were an important part of the administrative structure of the empire The increasing demand of the royal court and the increasing importance of the city attracted increased trade and commerce to Nuremberg supported by the Hohenstaufen emperors Frederick II reigned 1212 50 granted the Grossen Freiheitsbrief English Great Letter of Freedom in 1219 including town rights Imperial immediacy Reichsfreiheit the privilege to mint coins and an independent customs policy almost wholly removing the city from the purview of the burgraves 1 2 Nuremberg soon became with Augsburg one of the two great trade centers on the route from Italy to Northern Europe List of burgraves EditHouse of Raabs Edit 1105 c 1137 Gottfried II of Raabs ruled until c 1137 c 1137 c 1143 Conrad I c 1100 c 1143 c 1143 c 1160 Gottfried III ruled until c 1160 c 1160 1191 92 Conrad II c 1125 30 1191 92 died without male descendants House of Hohenzollern Edit 1192 1200 1204 Frederick I 1139 1200 1204 originally Frederick III Count of Zollern and married Sophia daughter of Conrad II later becoming burgrave through this union 1204 1218 Frederick II 1188 1255 younger son of Frederick I 1218 1261 1262 Conrad I der Fromme c 1186 1261 2 elder son of Frederick I and brother of Frederick II Count of Zollern as Conrad III 1262 1297 Frederick III der Erber c 1218 1297 son of Conrad I 1297 1300 John I c 1279 1300 elder son of Frederick III Ruled with his brother Frederick IV 1297 1332 Frederick IV 1287 1332 younger son of Frederick III and brother of John I Took over the sole rule of the burgraviate after the death of his brother 1332 1357 John II der Erwerber 1309 1357 son of Frederick IV 1357 1397 Frederick V 1333 1397 son of John II 1397 1420 John III 1369 1420 son of Frederick V Also Margrave of Brandenburg Kulmbach from 1398 1398 1427 Frederick VI 1371 1440 son of Frederick V As Frederick I also Margrave of Brandenburg Ansbach from 1398 Elector of Brandenburg from 1415 Margrave of Brandenburg from 1417 and Margrave of Brandenburg Kulmbach from 1420 References Edit a b c in German Nurnberg Reichsstadt Politische und soziale Entwicklung Archived 2015 11 18 at the Wayback Machine Political and Social Development of the Imperial City of Nuremberg Historisches Lexikon Bayerns a b c Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Nuremberg Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Further reading EditSigmund Benker Andreas Kraus ed Geschichte Frankens bis zum Ausgang des 18 Jahrhunderts English History of Franconia to the end of the 18th century 3rd edition Beck Munich 1997 ISBN 3 406 39451 5 Max Spindler Gertrude Diepolder Bayerischer Geschichtsatlas English Bavarian Historical Atlas Bayerischer Schulbuch Verlag Munich 1969 Gerhard Taddey Lexikon der deutschen Geschichte English Encyclopedia of German history 3rd edition Kroner Stuttgart 1998 ISBN 3 520 81303 3 Markus Twellenkamp Die Burggrafen von Nurnberg und das deutsche Konigtum 1273 1417 English The Burgraves of Nuremberg and the German monarchy 1273 1417 Korn und Berg Nuremberg 1994 ISBN 3 87432 129 0 Originally a PhD thesis University of Bonn 1993 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Burgraviate of Nuremberg amp oldid 1143390099, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
