Bunkai (分解), literally meaning "analysis"[1] or "disassembly",[2] "is a term used in Japanese martial arts referring to process of analysing kata and extracting fighting techniques from the movements of a 'form' (kata). The extracted fighting techniques are called Oyo."[3]
Bunkai is usually performed with a partner or a group of partners which execute predefined attacks, and the student performing the kata responds with defenses, counterattacks, or other actions, based on a part of the kata. This allows the student in the middle to understand what the movements in kata are meant to accomplish. It also illustrates how to improve the technique by adjusting distances (Maai), timing, rhythm (Ritsudo) and fluidity (Nagare) in combat properly, in order to adapt and adjust any technique depending on the size of an opponent.[citation needed]
Some kata have another layer of application that is taught using an Oyo Bunkai, an "application of the kata in ways other than the standard bunkai."[4] Different practitioners will learn or discover alternative applications, but the bunkai, like the kata, varies based on the style and the teacher.
A single kata posture or movement may be broken into anywhere from a few to a few dozen applications, and the same sequence of kata moves may sometimes be interpreted in different ways resulting in several bunkai. Students are encouraged to consider each movement and technique in a kata in response to multiple possible attacks, for example: use of a particular movement against a kick, against a punch, against various forms of grappling. Through analysis of the move and practice in variant scenarios, the student will unlock new techniques and expand their understanding of known ones. Some martial arts require students to perform bunkai for promotion.[citation needed]
Bunkai can be obvious or elusive depending on the technique in question, the moves preceding and following it, and the individual practitioner. There are usually many stages of depth of comprehension of bunkai only reached through the passage of time. The terms toridai and himitsu are used to refer to techniques not readily seen to the casual observer and hidden techniques within kata.[citation needed] For example, in Gōjū-ryū karate, two-man kata training is used to reinforce bunkai and correct technique.[5] If techniques in the kata are not performed correctly they will not be effective in two man training.
Rule sets for the process of bunkaiedit
There are sets of rules which can be used to aid the correct analysis of kata for meaningful applications. Historically these were reputed to have been kept secret to prevent those without the rules from deciphering the meaning of the kata. The rule set used by Gōjū-ryū masters was known as Kaisai no genri.[6] Similar but expanded and clarified rule sets have become available which are generally applicable to other styles of karate kata.[7]
Historical contentionedit
It has been claimed by martial arts historian Nathan Johnson that the few original antique kata found in karate were actually intended for weapons combat or (in one example) for grappling, as opposed to ballistic strikes.[8]
Referencesedit
^Durbin, William (2001). Mastering Kempo. Human Kinetics. pp. 146. ISBN0-7360-0350-9.
^ Tung, Louise Watanabe (1993). Japanese/English English/Japanese glossary of scientific and technical terms. J. Wiley & Sons. p. 26. ISBN0-471-57463-5.
^Kapo, Safet; Rađo, Izet; Kajmovic, Husnija; Čović, Nedim; Kovač, Siniša (2015). "Programmed training effects on body composition indicators of female karate athletes from 12 to 14 years of age". Archives of Budo Science of Martial Arts and Extreme Sports. 11 (1): 163–168.
^Cogan, Michael (2003). A Goju Ryu Guidebook: The Kogen Kan Manual for Karate. Trafford Publishing. p. 132. ISBN1-55395-846-2.
^ Toguchi, Seikichi (1976). Okinawan Goju-Ryu. Black Belt Communications. p. 22. ISBN0-89750-018-0.
^Kane; Wilder. The Way of Kata: A Comprehensive Guide for Deciphering Martial Applications. p. 109.
^Abernethy, Iain (August 5, 2002). Bunkai-Jutsu: The Practical Application of Karate Kata. Neth Publishing. ISBN978-0953893218.
^Johnson, Nathan J. (2006). The Great Karate Myth: Unravelling the Mystery of Karate. Wykeham Press. ISBN0-9549609-3-9.
Further readingedit
Habersetzer, Roland. Shotokan Kata, Éditions Amphora, October 1990, Paris, France. ISBN2-85180-210-0
Schmeisser, Elmar T. Bunkai: Secrets of Karate Kata - The Tekki Series, 2001, Tamashii Press.
Hopkins, Giles (2009). "Kata & Bunkai: a study in theme & variations in karate's solo practice routines". Journal of Asian Martial Arts. 18 (4): 28–45. Gale A234936357 EBSCOhost 45581071.
Hopkins, Giles. "The shape of kata: The enigma of pattern". Journal of Asian Martial Arts. 13 (1): 64–77. EBSCOhost 31807006.
bunkai, 分解, literally, meaning, analysis, disassembly, term, used, japanese, martial, arts, referring, process, analysing, kata, extracting, fighting, techniques, from, movements, form, kata, extracted, fighting, techniques, called, contents, process, rule, se. Bunkai 分解 literally meaning analysis 1 or disassembly 2 is a term used in Japanese martial arts referring to process of analysing kata and extracting fighting techniques from the movements of a form kata The extracted fighting techniques are called Oyo 3 Contents 1 Process 2 Rule sets for the process of bunkai 3 Historical contention 4 References 5 Further reading 6 See also 7 External linksProcess editBunkai is usually performed with a partner or a group of partners which execute predefined attacks and the student performing the kata responds with defenses counterattacks or other actions based on a part of the kata This allows the student in the middle to understand what the movements in kata are meant to accomplish It also illustrates how to improve the technique by adjusting distances Maai timing rhythm Ritsudo and fluidity Nagare in combat properly in order to adapt and adjust any technique depending on the size of an opponent citation needed Some kata have another layer of application that is taught using an Oyo Bunkai an application of the kata in ways other than the standard bunkai 4 Different practitioners will learn or discover alternative applications but the bunkai like the kata varies based on the style and the teacher A single kata posture or movement may be broken into anywhere from a few to a few dozen applications and the same sequence of kata moves may sometimes be interpreted in different ways resulting in several bunkai Students are encouraged to consider each movement and technique in a kata in response to multiple possible attacks for example use of a particular movement against a kick against a punch against various forms of grappling Through analysis of the move and practice in variant scenarios the student will unlock new techniques and expand their understanding of known ones Some martial arts require students to perform bunkai for promotion citation needed Bunkai can be obvious or elusive depending on the technique in question the moves preceding and following it and the individual practitioner There are usually many stages of depth of comprehension of bunkai only reached through the passage of time The terms toridai and himitsu are used to refer to techniques not readily seen to the casual observer and hidden techniques within kata citation needed For example in Gōju ryu karate two man kata training is used to reinforce bunkai and correct technique 5 If techniques in the kata are not performed correctly they will not be effective in two man training Rule sets for the process of bunkai editThere are sets of rules which can be used to aid the correct analysis of kata for meaningful applications Historically these were reputed to have been kept secret to prevent those without the rules from deciphering the meaning of the kata The rule set used by Gōju ryu masters was known as Kaisai no genri 6 Similar but expanded and clarified rule sets have become available which are generally applicable to other styles of karate kata 7 Historical contention editIt has been claimed by martial arts historian Nathan Johnson that the few original antique kata found in karate were actually intended for weapons combat or in one example for grappling as opposed to ballistic strikes 8 References edit Durbin William 2001 Mastering Kempo Human Kinetics pp 146 ISBN 0 7360 0350 9 Tung Louise Watanabe 1993 Japanese English English Japanese glossary of scientific and technical terms J Wiley amp Sons p 26 ISBN 0 471 57463 5 Kapo Safet Rađo Izet Kajmovic Husnija Covic Nedim Kovac Sinisa 2015 Programmed training effects on body composition indicators of female karate athletes from 12 to 14 years of age Archives of Budo Science of Martial Arts and Extreme Sports 11 1 163 168 Cogan Michael 2003 A Goju Ryu Guidebook The Kogen Kan Manual for Karate Trafford Publishing p 132 ISBN 1 55395 846 2 Toguchi Seikichi 1976 Okinawan Goju Ryu Black Belt Communications p 22 ISBN 0 89750 018 0 Kane Wilder The Way of Kata A Comprehensive Guide for Deciphering Martial Applications p 109 Abernethy Iain August 5 2002 Bunkai Jutsu The Practical Application of Karate Kata Neth Publishing ISBN 978 0953893218 Johnson Nathan J 2006 The Great Karate Myth Unravelling the Mystery of Karate Wykeham Press ISBN 0 9549609 3 9 Further reading editHabersetzer Roland Shotokan Kata Editions Amphora October 1990 Paris France ISBN 2 85180 210 0 Schmeisser Elmar T Bunkai Secrets of Karate Kata The Tekki Series 2001 Tamashii Press Hopkins Giles 2009 Kata amp Bunkai a study in theme amp variations in karate s solo practice routines Journal of Asian Martial Arts 18 4 28 45 Gale A234936357 EBSCOhost 45581071 Hopkins Giles The shape of kata The enigma of pattern Journal of Asian Martial Arts 13 1 64 77 EBSCOhost 31807006 See also editKarate kata KihonExternal links editAbernethy Iain 2004 Introduction to Applied Karate PDF www iainabernethy com NETH Publishing Retrieved 22 May 2015 Unsu Applications wmv Quebec Canada Club de karate Shotokan Cap Rouge St Augustin Retrieved 2007 06 19 Sochin Applications wmv Quebec Canada Club de karate Shotokan Cap Rouge St Augustin Retrieved 2007 06 19 Saifa Bunkai Drill flv Melbourne Australia Retrieved 2009 06 05 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Bunkai amp oldid 1138859561, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
